旋毛虫感染过程中小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

应用酸性α醋酸萘酯酶(ANAE)胞浆标记法观察实验感染旋毛虫小鼠外周血T淋巴细胞及其亚群的变化。结果表明感染后d_3淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞绝对数平行地增多,于d_(14)达高峰,d_(60)仍高于正常水平。而斑块颗粒型细胞(辅助性T细胞,T_h)和分散颗粒型细胞(抑制性T细胞,T_a)呈反向变化,前者减少,后者增多,T_h/T_a比值降低,表明旋毛虫感染过程中宿主免疫功能受抑制。     

激素对感染旋毛虫小鼠病理及免疫影响的动态观察

应用组织学及酯酶染色法动态观察了醋酸可的松对感染旋毛虫小鼠肌组织病理及免疫细胞的影响。实验结果发现,该药在使用期间可抑制虫体/囊包周围的炎症反应,使外周血Th减少,Ts增高,Th/Ts比值降低以及嗜酸粒细胞数减少,表明感染旋毛虫小鼠使用激素可降低机体的免疫力。     

小鼠实验感染不同种旋毛虫后血清IgG抗体水平的变化

目的观察小鼠感染不同种旋毛虫后血清IgG抗体水平的变化。方法将50只小鼠随机分成5组（每组10只），分别感染旋毛虫（T1）、乡土旋毛虫（T2）、布氏旋毛虫（T3）、伪旋毛虫（T4）及纳氏旋毛虫（T7），每只感染300条幼虫，感染后1～6周每周尾部静脉采血，6周后每2周尾部静脉采血，至感染后20周，用旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原ELISA检测血清中抗旋毛虫IgG抗体水平。结果小鼠感染旋毛虫、乡土旋毛虫、布氏旋毛虫及纳氏旋毛虫后3～5周，血清IgG抗体水平快速升高，至感染后第8周达高峰，此后旋毛虫和乡土旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平缓慢下降，布氏旋毛虫及纳氏旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平迅速下降；小鼠感染伪旋毛虫后3～5周血清IgG抗体水平快速升高，至第16周达高峰，之后缓慢下降。5种旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论5种旋毛虫感染小鼠的血清IgG抗体水平和动态变化不同；旋毛虫肌幼虫ES抗原可用于其他4种旋毛虫（乡土旋毛虫、布氏旋毛虫、伪旋毛虫、纳氏旋毛虫）感染的血清学诊断及流行病学调查。     

旋毛虫Ts21重组蛋白的免疫诊断价值及免疫保护作用的研究

目的 探讨旋毛虫Ts21重组蛋白的免疫诊断价值及免疫保护作用。 方法 应用旋毛虫Ts21重组蛋白ELISA（Ts21-LISA）与肌幼虫ES抗原ELISA（ES-LISA）对旋毛虫病与其他寄生虫病患者血清及5种旋毛虫（T1、T2、T3、T4和T7）感染小鼠血清进行检测,并观察不同剂量旋毛虫感染小鼠后不同时间的血清抗体水平。将Ts21重组蛋白皮下注射免疫小鼠（20 μg/只,免疫3次,每次间隔10 d）,末次免疫后10 d,每只小鼠用300条旋毛虫肌幼虫经口攻击感染,3.5 d和42 d 后剖杀,观察肠道成虫与肌幼虫数并计算减虫率。 结果 Ts21-LISA检测旋毛虫病、并殖吸虫病、囊尾蚴病及棘球蚴病患者血清的抗体阳性率分别为94.7%（18/19）、15.8%（3/19）、9.1%（1/11）和7.7%（1/13）,与血吸虫病、华支睾吸虫病患者血清及健康人血清无交叉反应;Ts21重组蛋白与ES抗原ELISA检测旋毛虫病患者血清抗体的敏感性与特异性差异均无统计学意义（χ²=0,P＞0.05;χ²=0.358,P＞0.05）。Ts21重组蛋白与ES抗原检测T1感染小鼠血清的敏感性差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.104,P＞0.05）,与T2、T3、T4、T7感染小鼠血清的交叉反应率明显低于ES抗原（χ²=17.069,P＜0.05）。小鼠感染300条旋毛虫后4 周,应用Ts21-LISA检测的血清抗体阳性率为100%（10/10）;小鼠感染5条旋毛虫后6周,血清抗体阳性率为100%（10/10）。Ts21重组蛋白免疫小鼠用旋毛虫攻击感染后3.5 d和42 d,肠道成虫与肌幼虫减虫率分别为42.71%和49.8%。 结论 Ts21重组蛋白可用于旋毛虫病的血清学检测,但不能忽视与并殖吸虫病、囊尾蚴病及棘球蚴病患者血清的交叉反应。     

感染旋毛虫小鼠的细胞因子和T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化

目的：探讨感染旋毛虫小鼠的细胞免疫调节作用。方法：将小鼠分为重感染组、轻感染组及对照组，于感染后不同时间随机取脾细胞制备悬液，分别以旋毛虫抗原及ＣｏｎＡ刺激后，检测白细胞介素ＩＬ－２及ＩＬ－６的活性、ＩｇＧ抗体水平以及ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞含量。结果：感染早期脾细胞以ＩＬ－２的分泌为主，而感染晚期以ＩＬ－６为主，重感染组比轻感染组的ＩＬ－２与ＩＬ－６分泌多。感染后７ｄ血清中出现ＩｇＧ抗体，２８－３５ｄ达高峰；感染后１４－２１ｄ，ＣＤ４＋含量逐渐减少，２１ｄ后又逐渐上升，而ＣＤ８＋的含量却持续增多。结论：感染４ｗｋ后，ＩＬ－６的诱生水平持续增高，可能对旋毛虫病的获得性免疫起重要作用。ＩＬ－２活性与ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞百分率的增高，可能提示Ｔｈ１产生的细胞因子促进ＩＬ－２活性与ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞活化。     

Contrasting effects of Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris antigens on the infection by Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice

The interaction of Trichinella spiralis and Trichuris muris derived antigens with the infection by Leishmania infantum was investigated in BALB/c mice. Infection with 10(6) promastigotes of L. infantum did not induce relevant serum antibody (IgG subclasses), nor cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-4) responses despite that mice could partially control the infection. Immunization with T. spiralis activated a moderate IgG1 and secondarily an IgG2a anti-leishmanial response whereas immunization with T. muris elicited only a weak and late activation of IgG1 anti-leishmanial response. Immunization with T. muris caused an elevation of serum IFN-gamma levels which was drastically reinforced by the L. infantum infection, and that was accompanied by almost complete parasitological cure of infected mice. Immunization with T. spiralis induced an elevation of serum IL-4 levels but this response was greatly (about 60%) neutralized by the infection with L. infantum, and this was associated to exacerbation of the infection.     

旋毛虫感染小鼠IgG、IL-2和T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化的观察

目的　了解小鼠感染旋毛虫后 Ig G抗体水平、IL - 2分泌量和 T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化。方法　分别于旋毛虫感染后第 7、14、2 1、2 8和 35天 ,采用 EL ISA方法检测血清特异性 Ig G抗体水平和 IL- 2含量 ,采用流式细胞仪检测 CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分率。结果　 Ig G抗体水平在感染后逐渐上升 ,感杂后 35天达最高值 ;T淋巴细胞的变化表现为 CD4+T细胞减少、CD8+T细胞增多 ,CD4+/ CD8+细胞比值下降 ,以感染后第 14天最为显著 ,直到感染后第 35天仍未见恢复。IL - 2分泌量以感染后第 7天达高峰 ,然后迅速下降 ,到感染后第 35天低于正常组。讨论　旋毛虫感染的急性期 ,小鼠出现免疫抑制现象。抗旋毛虫感染的保护性免疫是由细胞免疫与体液免疫协同完成的。     

Lymphocyte, antibody and cytokine responses during concurrent infections between helminths that selectively promote T-helper-1 or T-helper-2 activity

The injuence of Trichinella spiralis on infections with Trichuris murk was studied in non-responder B10. BR mice. Mice infectedonly with T. muris were unable to expel parasites and had many adult worms 35 days later. Infection with 300 larvae of T. spiralis, given seven or 14 (but not 28) days after T. muris, enabled mice to expel up to 90% of T. muris; expulsion of T. spiralis was not altered. Concurrently infected mice produced less T. murisspecijic IgG2a antibody than mice infected with T. muris only, andshowed higher proliferative responses when spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells were cultured in vitro with T. murk antigens. When T. spiralis was present mucosal mast cells were generated in T. muris-infected mice, whereas almost no mast cells were seen with only T. muris. Lymphocytes from doubly-infected mice produced significantly more interleukin 4 and 5 (IL-4, IL-5) and significantly less interferon-gamma (IFN-y) when stimulated in vitro with Concanavalin A (Con-A) than cells from mice infected with T. murk only. These data demonstrate that BI0.BR mice, which in single infections produce a Thl response to T. muris and develop no protective immunity, can mount a protective T-helper-2 (Th2) response and expel T. murk when concurrently infected with the ‘Th2 inducing’ nematode T. spiralis.     

Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): downregulation of specific cytokine secretion (IL-9 and IL-10) correlates with poor mastocytosis and chronic survival of adult worms

Mice were infected either with Trichinella spiralis (day 0). Heligmosomoides polygyrus (day – 14) or concurrently with both species and were killed in groups, together with naïve control mice, on 2 occasions (day 8 and 15 post infection with T. spiralis, corresponding to days 22 and 29 p.i. with H. polygyrus). The expulsion of T. spiralis was slowed significantly in concurrently infected mice and this was associated with a reduced mastocytosis and lower serum mucosal mast cell protease levels. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes from all three experimental groups secreted IL-3 and IL-4 in copious amounts when stimulated in vitro by Concanavalin A (Con-A), but the secretion of high levels of IL-9 and IL-10 was essentially confined to mice infected with T. spiralis alone. It is suggested that adult H. polygyrus selectively modulate cytokine secretion by Th2 cells within the MLN during infection and that this is brought about as a direct consequence of the mechanism employed by H. polygyrus to depress mucosal inflammatory responses in order to facilitate its own survival.     

旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原免疫小鼠攻击感染后的免疫应答

目的　探讨旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原 (AWSAg)接种小鼠后诱发的免疫应答。　 方法　制备旋毛虫AWSAg免疫小鼠 ,分别于攻击感染后 7、14、2 1、2 8和 3 5d ,动态观察免疫小鼠特异性IgG抗体水平、IL 2水平和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。　结果　与非免疫鼠相比 ,免疫鼠血清特异性IgG抗体OD值在攻击感染后 7d明显升高 ,在观察期内一直高于非免疫鼠。感染后 7dIL 2水平明显增高 ,达观察期内最高值 ,2 1d后才逐渐减少 ,在感染后 2 8～ 3 5d仍高于正常组。免疫鼠CD4+ T细胞在攻击感染 7d明显增加并保持不变 ,非免疫鼠CD4+ T细胞及CD4/CD8比值明显较正常鼠减低。　结论　旋毛虫AWSAg免疫小鼠攻击感染后 ,出现细胞、体液免疫应答。