老年冠心病患者冠状动脉钙化积分与血清IL-10的相关性

冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD）是一种由于冠状动脉管壁形成粥样斑块造成血管腔狭窄所致的心脏病变。CT检测的钙化与组织学上的钙化和管腔狭窄强烈相关,钙化积分能预测冠状动脉狭窄程度,可广泛应用于冠状动脉粥样硬化、钙化及狭窄程度的定量判定。     

稳定型心绞痛冠状动脉斑块结构与重构关系的研究

目的:探讨血管内超声对稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者冠状动脉(冠脉)病变斑块结构与血管重构关系的评估价值。方法:在冠脉介入治疗前应用血管内超声对SAP患者的冠脉病变进行研究。根据测定的重构指数(RI)将患者分为A组(负重构,RI<1.0)和B组(正重构,RI≥1.0),根据管腔面积狭窄率分为管腔面积狭窄率<70%组(轻中度狭窄组)和管腔面积狭窄率≥70%组(重度狭窄组)。结果:①与A组比较,B组近端参考段斑块负荷小,病变处的管腔面积和外弹力膜面积大、斑块负荷小,硬斑块所占比例少,病变处最大钙化弧度和长度小;②与轻中度狭窄组比较,重度狭窄组负重构多,软斑块少,病变处管腔面积小,病变处斑块面积和斑块负荷大,RI偏小,病变最大钙化弧度大。结论:不同程度管腔狭窄的SAP患者中,斑块钙化在负重构和严重管腔狭窄中占优势,负重构更常见于严重狭窄病变。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉钙化积分与血清IL-1O的相关性

冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)是一种由于冠状动脉管壁形成粥样斑块造成血管腔狭窄所致的心脏病变.CT检测的钙化与组织学上的钙化和管腔狭窄强烈相关,钙化积分能预测冠状动脉狭窄程度,可广泛应用于冠状动脉粥样硬化、钙化及狭窄程度的定量判定[1].     

冠状动脉钙化性中重度狭窄的MSCT与DSA对比研究

目的探讨钙化斑块所致管腔≥50%狭窄评价的准确程度。方法回顾性分析97例患者冠状动脉成像和冠状动脉造影检查,比较钙化斑块所致冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(CTCA)与冠状动脉造影(CAG)评价的差异性。结果64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉管腔狭窄≥50%的病变中,钙化斑块所致的管腔狭窄≥50%有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 64层螺旋CT冠脉成像分析钙化斑块所致冠状动脉管腔≥50%狭窄误差比较大,对混合斑块、非钙化斑块所致冠状动脉管腔≥50%狭窄的评价可信度比较高。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像技术与冠心病的诊断

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉(冠脉)成像技术在冠心病诊断中的应用价值.方法 临床初诊疑为冠心病103例,既往无冠脉成形术和搭桥术史,行冠脉64层螺旋计算机断层摄影术(MSCT)后,回顾性分析重建心电门控轴位图像,对所有冠脉及其分支进行重建,计算冠脉钙化积分并估计管腔狭窄程度,来预测冠心病.冠脉造影确诊冠心病者80例,排除23例,根据造影结果判断MSCT对冠心病的预测价值.结果 (1)冠心病组的钙化积分明显高于同年龄段的非冠心病组;(2)两组的冠脉钙化积分均随着年龄的增长而增高;(3)钙化血管支以左前降支最多见,且随着钙化血管支数的增加,钙化积分逐渐增高;(4)64层MSCT具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,重建冠状动脉,直径>1.5 mm血管存在的>50%的狭窄,男性诊断敏感性为92.16%.特异性为83.33%,阳性预测值为89.36%,阴性预测值为88.89%;女性诊断敏感性为91.57%,特异性为92.30%,阳性预测值为88.46%,阴性预测值为90.32%.结论 在患者心率<80次/分钟时,64层MSCT即可获得较好的图像质量用于评价冠脉并判断其狭窄程度,是检查冠脉有无狭窄的无创伤性方法.     

冠状动脉钙化的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化（CAC）是动脉粥样硬化的特异性标志,也是粥样斑块负荷程度的标志。冠脉钙化程度与冠脉管腔狭窄程度存在一定相关性,冠脉钙化对心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率具有独立影响。随着各种无创心血管检查技术的进步,冠状动脉钙化的检测和度量更为精确可靠,因此,对冠状动脉钙化的研究有利于早期针对亚临床动脉粥样硬化的干预。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与心血管疾病危险分层的相关性

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64MSCT)冠状动脉(冠脉)成像与心血管病危险分层的相关性.方法 收集疑诊冠心病患者470例,按64MSCT冠脉成像结果根据冠脉有无病变、病变范围、钙化积分、冠脉狭窄程度、斑块性质分组;其中80例患者同时行冠脉造影术,按冠脉造影结果根据冠脉有无病变、病变范围、冠脉狭窄程度分组.470患者按心血管病危险分层分为极高危、高危、中高危、中危、低危5组,观察各危险分层中冠脉病变情况,并分析相关性.结果 470例患者中同时行MS CT冠脉成像与冠脉造影者80例,判断冠脉病变范围(χ2=3.631,P=0.067)与狭窄程度(χ2=1.639,P=0.200)两种方法间差异无统计学意义.随着危险分层的增高,冠脉病变范围增加(极高危多支血管病变值分别为1.09、高危双支血管病变值分别为0.91、低危单支血管病变值分别为1.07,冠脉狭窄程度也增加、极高危重度狭窄值分别为0.96、高危中度狭窄值分别为1.03、低危.轻度狭窄值分别为0.78,各心血管危险分层之间冠脉病变钙化积分差异有统计学意义(F=256.20、123.76、62.50、98.24、52.36,P＜0.01).在极高危的患者中软斑块比例最高,随着危险分层降低钙化斑块比例增高或无斑块极高危软斑值分别为1.01、低危钙斑值分别为1.17.结论 64MSCT冠脉成像可作为心血管病危险分层的依据,患者冠脉病变复杂,狭窄程度、钙化积分程度严重,软斑块比例较高,危险分层越高;随着危险分层的降低,冠脉病变支数减少,钙化积分降低,狭窄程度减轻,斑块以钙化斑块比例增高或无斑块.     

亚洲首例机器人辅助经皮冠状动脉介入治疗报道

正1临床资料患者男性,62岁,因反复发作胸痛2年入院。2017-03-15冠状动脉(冠脉)造影提示:左冠脉前降支近段严重钙化,回旋支中段直径狭窄百分比(DS)为80%狭窄伴严重钙化,右冠脉中段DS为80%伴严重钙化(图1)。团队进一步利用血管内超声(IVUS)评估病变,结果提示右冠脉中段严重钙化,最小管腔面积2.18 mm2(图2)。综合冠脉造影及IVUS     

64排螺旋CT对冠心病患者钙化病变的诊断评价

多排螺旋 CT成像技术的不断进步使其在冠心病无创诊断方面的作用日渐重要.伴随着64 排螺旋CT的普及,其在成像和诊断中所面临的问题,特别是钙化病变对多排CT冠状动脉成像狭窄准确性判断的影响问题越来越为人们所关注.本文通过对有明显钙化血管段的冠状动脉血管成像(CTA)影像结果进行诊断试验评价(以冠脉造影为金标准),从而明确钙化病变对多排CT冠状动脉成像狭窄准确性判断的影响,及CTA评估钙化冠脉管腔狭窄程度的价值.     

易损斑块的检测和急性冠状动脉综合征的预防

急性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )综合征 (ACS)是指由于冠脉急性病变致严重狭窄或闭塞所产生的一组临床综合征 ,包括不稳定性心绞痛、非Q波、Q波型心肌梗死和猝死。传统观念曾认为ACS由于冠脉粥样斑块慢性进展至管腔严重狭窄的结果 ,然而 ,研究发现大多数急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者的冠脉固定狭窄并不严重 ,降脂治疗的临床得益远远超过斑块本身消退的程度。因此 ,对ACS的认识从注意慢性病变到急性病变 ,从管腔狭窄变化到病变本身结构和功能的变化。近年来的研究发现冠脉粥样斑块病变 ,在进展过程中由于血管重构 (或代偿性增大 )可无管腔严重狭窄 ,但…     

冠状动脉钙化研究进展

冠状动脉钙化是动脉粥样硬化的一个重要的危险因素,多项研究揭示冠状动脉钙化和粥样硬化斑块负荷有着密切的关系,因此冠状动脉钙化程度的测量在预测未来心血管事件及死亡率中起着重要的作用。现将通过对冠状动脉钙化的危险因素、发病机制、冠状动脉钙化积分评测及方法、钙化与心血管疾病的关系、冠状动脉钙化与肾脏疾病的关系、冠状动脉钙化与全因死亡及钙化的治疗等方面做一综述。     

他汀类药物与冠状动脉钙化关系的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化在冠状动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病血管病变和慢性肾脏病等多种疾病中普遍存在,他汀类药物是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病等血脂代谢紊乱患者的常用药物。既往研究显示,他汀类药物可能具有抑制冠状动脉钙化的作用,而新近研究则提出相反意见。鉴于目前他汀类药物与冠状动脉钙化关系存在一定争议,故本文就冠状动脉钙化发生机制,他汀类药物与冠状动脉钙化关系及两者关系矛盾性结论成因作一分析。     

冠状动脉钙化的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化是冠状动脉粥样硬化患者不良预后的危险因素。多种因素与冠状动脉钙化的发生和发展相关,包括性别、年龄、持续的炎症状态、高血压、高脂血症和糖尿病等,近年来人们越来越关注非传统高危因素,以期为冠状动脉钙化的一级预防开辟新的思路。不断发展的影像学技术也为冠状动脉钙化的早期发现和发生机制的研究提供了很好的帮助。文章将重点回顾冠状动脉钙化的高危因素、发生机制、检查手段、临床意义及其治疗的研究进展,旨在提高人们对冠状动脉钙化的进一步认识和重视水平。     

冠状动脉钙化的影响因素

冠状动脉钙化是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的特异性标志和独立预测因子,其形成机制复杂,与基因、年龄、性别、性格、吸烟、睡眠、高血压、高血糖、高脂血症、肾脏疾病等多种因素密切相关。早期预测和延缓冠状动脉钙化进展将是未来冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病诊治中一项任重道远的工作。     

冠心病炎症机制及抗炎治疗研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）是人类死亡的主要原因之一,其发病机制是由于冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥样硬化病变而引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死而导致的心脏病。在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,炎症起着至关重要的作用。炎症是冠心病发病机制研究中的一大热点。抗炎治疗药物能否对炎症进行靶向干预并对冠心病人的预后产生积极的影响日益引起人们的重视。本文扼要综述了介导冠心病发病的关键炎症分子及抗炎药物治疗冠心病的研究进展。     

Lack of association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and vasospastic angina

Background and hypothesis: It has been suggested that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, but its relation to vasospastic angina has not been fully proven. In the present study, we investigated the possible relationship between the ACE I/D genotype and vasospastic angina. Methods: We explored the distribution of the ACE genotype in 20 patients with vasospastic angina without fixed coronary artery stenosis, 55 angina patients with fixed coronary artery stenosis, and 30 control subjects without coronary artery disease. Results: The frequency of the DD genotype in patients with vasospastic angina (DD: 30.0%, ID: 20.0%, II: 50.0%) did not differ from that in the control subjects (DD: 23.3%, ID: 26.7%, II: 50.0%), while the frequency in patients with coronary artery stenosis (DD: 43.7%, ID: 21.8%, II: 34.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects. The frequency of the D allele also did not differ between patients with vasospastic angina (0.40) and control subjects (0.37), while the frequency was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery stenosis (0.55). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the ACE DD genotype is a potent genetic risk factor for organic coronary artery disease, while it confers no appreciable increase in risk of vasospastic angina. These results also suggest the diversity of the pathogenesis of vascular lesions in these two types of coronary artery disease.     

Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity in Patients Undergoing Coronary Arteriography:

Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity and Atherosclerosis. Introduction: The purpose of the present investigation was to study the precise relationship between carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) and both the severity of carotid atherosclerosis and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients who were referred for evaluation for suspected ischemic heart disease.
Methods and Results: Duplex echocardiography and coronary angiography were used to assess carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis in 130 consecutive patients. Carotid sinus stimulation was performed before coronary arteriography with simultaneous recordings of the ECG and aortic pressure. Coronary artery disease was present in 103 patients (79%). Thirty patients (23.08%) had one-vessel disease (1-VD), 31 (23.85%) had 2-VD, 29 (22.31%) had 3-VD, and 13 patients (10%) had left main coronary artery disease. Carotid artery atherosclerosis was present in 100 patients (76.92%) and carotid disease (diameter stenosis ≥ 50%) was present in 24 patients (18.46%). CSH was found in 33 patients (25%). The incidence of CSH was 9% in patients with carotid stenosis 1%-15%, 17% in patients with stenosis 16%-49%, 85% in patients with stenosis 50%-79%, and 100% in patients with stenosis ≥ 80%. The incidence of CSH was 11%, 17%, 23%, 34%, and 62% in patients with no VD, 1-VD, 2-VD, 3-VD, and left main coronary artery disease, respectively. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that carotid disease and left main coronary artery disease were the most significant determinants of CSH (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively).
Conclusion: The incidence of CSH increased in proportion to the severity of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. These data provide evidence that CSH is closely related to severe carotid atherosclerosis or left main coronary artery disease in patients being evaluated for suspected ischemic heart disease.     

High Echogenic Thickening of Proximal Coronary Artery Predicts the Far Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis

Background: Detection of subclinical, nonobstructive coronary artery disease will require the evaluation of coronary arterial walls and external coronary diameter in order to detect increases in arterial wall thickness and compensatory remodeling before luminal narrowing. We assessed the meaning of high echogenic thickening (HET) on transthoracic coronary echogram of proximal coronary arteries and evaluated whether HET predicts the severity of coronary artery disease on angiogram. Methods: Ninety-seven patients (M:F = 61:36, mean age = 61 ± 8 years) referred for coronary angiography were included in this study. We detected proximal coronary artery using transthoracic coronary echogram. We defined that HET is more than 1.5 mm in thickness with high echogenicity and persistence. Of these patients, 29 vessels were examined by IVUS (intravascular ultrasound) Results: (1) HET on coronary echogram had a sensitivity of 44.4% and specificity of 95% for identifying calcification on IVUS. (2) HET had a sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 85.7% for identifying the significant stenosis of proximal left coronary artery. (3) HET was observed more frequently in three-vessel diseases and more complex lesion compared to normal and one- or two-vessel diseases (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HET may be related to the presence of calcification and predicts far advanced coronary atherosclerosis .     

Relationship between coronary atherosclerotic stenosis and cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis

To investigate the relationship between severity of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis stenosis and that of coronary atherosclerosis stenosis.Methods Cerebral angiography and coronary angiography were performed in 34 patients who had coronary disease with cerebral ischemia.Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the degree ofstenosis on angiography,concomitant diseases,risk factors and biochemical data.Results The follow-up study showed that the incidence of cardiac and cerebrovascular death increased significantly in patients with moderate to severe stenosis of coronary and cerebral arteries;the severity of stenosis in the coronary artery parallels that in the solitary carotid artery,or dual carotid and vertebral arteries.Conclusions Patients with coronary and cerebral artery stenosis,especially those with multi-risk factors,such as hypertension,diabetes and cigarette smoking,should receive intensive treatment to reduce cardiac and cerebrovascular events.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:227-229)     

冠状动脉粥样硬化相关生物力学因素的研究进展

冠状动脉是动脉粥样硬化最早发和最好发的部位,严重的冠状动脉粥样硬化可造成心肌缺血、心肌梗死,危害人们健康。相比人体其他部位动脉,冠状动脉具有独特的解剖结构和血流动力学特征,这些特征与其粥样硬化发生具有明显的相关性。文章就冠状动脉粥样硬化相关生物力学因素作一综述。