主动脉夹层急性期院内死亡相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨急性主动脉夹层（AD）住院死亡的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析114例我院2007年8月~2011年8月AD住院患者的临床资料,对部分相关因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：114例主动脉夹层患者中Stanford A型主动脉夹层72例（63.16%）,StanfordB型主动脉夹层42例（36.84%）,平均年龄（59.41±12.59）岁,男女性别比2.8：1;急性期院内病死率25.44%;多因素Logistic分析显示,吸烟史（OR=11.156,P〈0.001）和入院舒张压偏低（OR=6.146,P=0.013）为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的危险因素,知晓患有高血压（OR=0.230,P=0.021）和手术或介入（OR=0.066,P=0.002）为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的保护因素。结论：吸烟史和入院舒张压偏低为主动脉夹层急性期死亡独立的危险因素,知晓患有高血压和主动脉弓置换手术或腔内介入隔绝术为独立的主动脉夹层急性期死亡保护因素。     

主动脉夹层并发心包积液100例临床分析

目的:探讨主动脉夹层(AD)并发心包积液的临床特征及治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析我院诊治的100例AD并发心包积液患者的临床资料。结果:对胸痛伴发或首发晕厥或黑矇、呼吸困难、心悸、脉压减小、主动脉瓣区杂音、胸腔积液者应考虑并发心包积液可能性。对于A型AD合并心包积液患者,好转率明显低于不合并心包积液患者(29.6%vs59.1%,P<0.05)。对于AD合并心包积液患者,药物保守治疗的好转率明显低于外科手术或支架介入治疗好转率(32.4%vs57.6%,P<0.05;32.4%vs100%,P<0.05),其病死率明显高于外科手术治疗(32.4%vs3.9%,P<0.05)。结论:对AD合并心包积液患者,不论是否出现心包压塞症状,及时早期确诊、采取积极的介入或手术治疗是降低病死率、改善预后的关键。     

B型急性主动脉夹层院内死亡相关危险因素分析

目的：研究B型急性主动脉夹层(acute aortic dissection,AAD)患者住院期间死亡的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月收治的188例B型急性主动脉夹层患者的住院病例资料。根据住院期间是否发生死亡,分为死亡组与存活组,对部分相关因素进行分析。结果：188例B型主动脉夹层患者,死亡17例(病死率10%)。两组单因素分析提示低血压、肾功能不全及缺血并发症是住院期间死亡的高危因素,中性粒细胞百分数、D二聚体升高有统计学意义。多因素Logistic分析提示肾功能不全、低血压、中性粒细胞百分数升高为患者院内死亡的独立危险因素,手术为保护因素。结论：伴有低血压、肾功能不全、中性粒细胞百分数升高的B型AAD患者住院期间病死率高,在内科治疗基础上手术治疗有助于降低B型AAD患者的病死率。     

初发急性心肌梗死患者二尖瓣返流的发生率及预后——单中心6年回顾性研究

目的：探讨初发急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者缺血性二尖瓣返流的发生率及其对患者住院期间死亡及出院患者远期预后的影响。方法：回顾性入选2000年1月至2006年1月间入院治疗的初发AMI患者,根据住院期间心脏超声检查结果,将患者分为二尖瓣无返流组、轻度、轻-中度、中-重度返流组,随访患者的远期预后。结果：在448例AMI患者中,急性期院内死亡者24例。住院期间心超结果发现二尖瓣返流发生率为67．2％,其中轻度返流为51．1％、轻-中度为9．4％、中-重度为6．7％。门诊或电话随访到患者268例（59．8％）,平均随访（33．8±19．6）月,共发生死亡37例（13．8％）,其中心源性死亡19例（7．1％）,非心源性死亡18例（6．8％）。经多因素回归分析,死亡与二尖瓣返流的严重程度呈正相关（RR=1．504,95％CI：1．0022．256,P=0．049）,心源性死亡与缺血性二尖瓣返流显著正相关（RR=3．088,95％CI：1．767～5．395,P〈0．001）,均独立于入院时心功能分级（NYHA）、左室射血分数及有无靶血管重建。结论：缺血性二尖瓣返流在初发AMI患者中有较高的发生率,其对预测AMI患者的远期死亡有意义,建议纳入AMI预后的危险分层,指导今后的临床治疗。     

主动脉夹层26例临床分析

目的；探讨主动脉夹层（AD）的临床表现，以便早期诊断和治疗，降低死亡率。方法：对26例AD患临床表现、影像学检查、误诊原因、死亡原因及死亡与就诊时间、确诊时间关系进行分析研究。结果：好转出院14例（53．85％），死亡12例（46．15％）；误诊7例（26．92％）。误诊为：急性心肌梗死、急腹症各2例，心脏瓣膜病、肾结石各1例，发热待查1例。急性期（2周内）死亡率42．30％。慢性期死亡率较低。就诊时间、确诊时间越早，死亡率越低。死亡原因为AD解离并发症，如主动脉破裂、心衰、肾衰、休克、脑卒中等。结论：减少误诊，早期诊断和治疗为降低AD死亡率的关键。CT、彩色多普勒超声心动图检查可提供可靠诊断依据。     

高原重症急性胰腺炎早期并发多脏器功能障碍综合征的危险因素及治疗策略

目的 探讨高原重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者早期并发多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）的危险因素及治疗策略。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月-2002年12月及2003年1月-2005年12月分别收治的SAP患者108例和103例，前者为A组，后者为B组。对两组患者的年龄、性别、APACHEⅡ评分、是否伴有血液浓缩、休克、低氧血症、腹腔室隔综合征（ACS）、胸腔积液等因素进行Logistic分析，同时分析不同处理方式对SAP病死率的影响。结果 A组和B组中分别有33例和31例SAP患者早期并发MODS，这些患者在血液浓缩（HCT〉50％）、低氧血症、休克、ACS、胸腔积液方面明显高于无MODs的患者，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。B组患者由于治疗策略转变，采用了早期液体足量复苏，早期机械通气，床边血液滤过，伴腹腔高压者早期行腹腔引流等，其病死率下降，与A组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 高原地区SAP患者早期并发MODS的危险因素与血液浓缩、休克、低氧血症、ACS、胸腔积液以及与临床处理的方式有关。积极纠正低氧血症，液体足量复苏纠正休克和改善血液浓缩，控制炎症反应是阻止SAP早期发生MODS的关键。     

主动脉夹层患者的临床特征及死亡相关危险因素分析

目的探讨主动脉夹层（AD）患者临床特征及其与死亡相关的危险因素。方法观察120例AD（AD组）和90例无AD（对照组）患者的临床指标及实验室指标,根据其临床特征,分析AD的临床死亡风险因素。结果AD组急性期院内病死率17.5%;其收缩压、BMI、脂蛋白a、肌酐、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）,以及高血压病患病率明显高于对照组（P均〈0.05）;女性、舒张压、hs-CRP及并发意识障碍、心包填塞症状在死亡与存活患者间有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）;手术＋支架治疗者病死率低。结论舒张压、hs-CRP、意识障碍及心包填塞是导致AD患者急性期院内死亡的独立危险因素,手术＋支架治疗为安全、有效的方法。     

主动脉夹层110例临床分析

目的：探讨主动脉夹层（AD）的易患因素、临床表现、诊疗和预后的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析110例AD患者的临床资料。结果：AD发病率呈上升趋势。79例（71，8％）为DeBakey Ⅲ型夹层；80例（72．7％）合并高血压病；CTA和MRI诊断率均为100％。急性期死亡15例（13．7％），平均在4．5d内。21例（19．1％）行介入支架治疗，术中和术后近期均未发生不良并发症。结论：对疑诊AD者应尽快确诊并合理选择治疗方式，急性期CTA优于MRI，介入支架治疗能明显改善AD患者的生活质量和预后。     

胸腔积液联合血液浓缩对急性胰腺炎严重度评估的临床价值

目的：探讨胸腔积液、血液浓缩和二者的联合应用对急性胰腺炎疾病严重程度的评估价值，并观察胸腔积液与急性胰腺炎病因，并发症及死亡率的关系。方法：对136例急性胰腺炎住院患者作回顾性分析，急性胰腺腺炎及其严重度评估的标准依据患者的临床表现，实验室检查及增强CT检查。记录患者的胸片和红细胞压积检测结果，并分析胸腔积液与急性胰腺炎患者的病因，并发症及预后的相关性。结果：轻型急性胰腺炎（MAP）96例，重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）40例。SAP患者合并胸腔积液者18例（45％），有血液浓缩现象者6例（15％），胸腔积液和血液浓缩同时存在者5例（12．5％）；MAP患者合并胸腔积液者10例（10．4％），血液浓缩者2例（2．1％），无胸腔积液和血液浓缩同时存在者，两者相比有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；此外，胆源性急性胰腺炎合并胸腔积液者11例（14．4％），酒精性急性胰腺炎合并胸腔积液者5例（48．1％），P＜0．05，结论：胸腔积液，血液浓缩均可作为SAP的独立预测指标，但以胸腔积液联合血液浓缩最为准确。胸腔积液与酒精性急性胰腺炎的病因具有明显的相关性，但未发现胰腺局部并发症如胰腺假性囊肿以及患者死亡率与胸腔积液的关系。     

肾移植术前尿毒症患者心脏损害的超声心动图及多普勒分析

本文应用超声心动图及多普勒对60例肾移植术前的尿毒症患者的心脏损害进行观察,并随机抽取正常成年男女各25名作为对照组。结果在病例组的60名患者中,室间隔增厚25例（占41．67％）;左室后壁增厚21例（占35．0％）;左室腔增大28例（占46．67％）;左房增大54例（占90．0％）;主动脉内径增宽32例（占53．33％）;主动脉瓣返流12例（占20％）;二尖瓣返流38例（占66．33％）;三尖瓣返流12例（占20％）;肺动脉瓣返流6例（占10％）;心包积液19例（占31．67％）。     

主动脉夹层患者住院死亡危险因素分析

目的:探讨主动脉夹层(AD)患者住院期间死亡相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析徐州医学院附属淮安医院及东南大学附属医院2004年1月至2009年1月确诊AD120病例临床资料,按住院期间是否发生死亡进行分组,分析患者性别、体质量指数、临床症状、体征和生化指标与死亡的相关性,并用Logistic回归分析其与病死率的关系。结果:1.120例AD患者中男女性别之比为2.0:1。平均年龄(54.7±10.3)岁,急性期院内病死率17.5%;2.死亡组与存活组中:女性、舒张压、超敏C反应蛋白水平、并发意识障碍及心包填塞差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3.女性多元回归分析(OR=2.052;95%CI=1.084～4.470;P=0.010)、超敏C反应蛋白水平(OR=1.436;95%CI=1.325～1.862;P=0.008)及合并意识障碍(OR=2.370;95%CI=1.290～3.192;P=0.04)是AD死亡的独立危险因素(P0.05),舒张压水平(OR=0.532;95%CI=0.262～0.843;P=0.030)为预后保护因素。结论:AD患者中超敏C反应蛋白水平、女性、合并意识障碍,是导致急性期院内死亡的独立危险因素,舒张压水平为保护性因素。     

Endovascular stent-graft placement for complications of acute type B aortic dissection

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the concepts and current clinical results of endovascular stent-graft placement for acute complicated type B aortic dissection. RECENT FINDINGS: The optimal treatment for patients with dissections confined to the descending aorta (Stanford type B-AD) remains a matter of debate. Usually, antihypertensive medical therapy with strict blood pressure lowering below 135/80 mm Hg represents the first choice for patients with uncomplicated type B-AD. Patients with acute complicated type B-AD remain a major therapeutic challenge because surgery of the descending aorta is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. In 1999, endovascular stent-graft placement was introduced as a novel, less invasive treatment option for patients with type B aortic dissection. Current indications include acute (contained) aortic rupture, symptomatic ischemic branch vessel involvement, early aortic expansion, or unrelenting pain. So far, few studies on stent-graft placement in patients with acute complicated aortic dissection have been published reporting an early mortality between 0 and approximately 20%. SUMMARY: To date, there is limited experience with endovascular stent-graft placement for acute complicated type B aortic dissection demonstrating its feasibility and life-saving potential. The endovascular approach can avoid the major trauma of open surgery and should help to get patients out of the acute life-threatening phase of the disease; however, long-term results are needed to assess the durability of this treatment.     

Endovascular stent-graft placement in aortic dissection: a meta-analysis.

AIMS: This article summarizes all available published data with respect to clinical success, complications, and outcomes of endovascular stent-graft placement among patients with descending aortic dissection (AD). METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a meta-analysis of all published series on retrograde endovascular stent-graft placement encompassing >or=3 patients with AD. Thirty-nine studies, involving a total of 609 patients, were included. Procedural success was reported in 98.2+/-0.5% of patients. Major complications were reported in 11.1+/-1.4%, with the most dreaded neurologic complications in 2.9+/-0.7% patients. Periprocedural stroke was encountered more frequently than paraplegia (1.9+/-0.6% vs. 0.8+/-0.4%). Overall complications were significantly higher in patients undergoing stent-graft placement for acute AD than in patients with chronic AD (21.7+/-2.8% vs. 9.1+/-2.3%, P=0.005). The overall 30-day mortality was 5.3+/-0.9%, and was three-fold higher in patients with acute AD when compared with chronic AD (9.8+/-2.2% vs. 3.2+/-1.4%, P=0.015). In addition, 2.8+/-0.7% of patients died over a mean follow-up period of 19.5+/-7.1 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis yielded overall survival rates of 90.6+/-1.6% at 6 months, 89.9+/-1.7% at 1 year, and 88.8+/-1.9% at 2 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-graft placement in type B-AD is technically feasible with success rates of >95% in selected cohort. Although minimally invasive, major complications occurred in 14-18% of patients depending upon the acuity of presentation, with very low incidence of paraplegia. Both, acute and mid-term mortality of this novel treatment strategy appear to favourably compare with surgical treatment but further studies are necessary to compare stent-graft placement with medical treatment in uncomplicated AD.     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗高龄胸腹主动脉瘤的疗效

目的：探讨主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗高龄患者胸腹动脉瘤的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院2004年2月至2011年7月25例实行覆膜支架腔内隔绝术的高龄胸腹主动脉瘤患者（年龄均≥65岁）的临床资料,总结手术效果,术后并发症和死亡率。结果：24例（96％）康复出院,术后并发症发生率24％（6／25）,病死率4％（1／25）,平均住院时间为（14．36±2．46）d,术后住院时间为（9．50±1．58）d。结论：覆膜支架腔内隔绝术可作为治疗高龄主动脉瘤首选方式,但须严格把握手术指征。     

Underlying aortic pathology and clinical health status determine success of endovascular stent-grafting for descending thoracic aortic disease.

Despite advances in medical and surgical treatment, acute as well as chronic diseases of the thoracic aorta are still associated with a high mortality. For the descending thoracic aorta, endovascular stent-graft placement competes with surgical therapy for clinical outcome. From July 1999 till December 2004, a total of 84 patients (64 +/- 14 years) with aortic disease of the descending thoracic aorta were treated. Nine patients had acute (AAD) and 35 chronic aortic dissection (AD), 16 had thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA), 21 had penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), and 3 patients had traumatic dissection (trans). Initial clinical status was assessed using the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. Fifty-three patients were in class 2, 16 in class 3, 8 in class 4, and 7 in class 5. Stent-graft placement was performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with the patient under general anesthesia. Technical success was obtained in 81/84 patients (96%). Within 30 days, seven patients (8%) died, four of them due to aortic rupture. In 14 patients, additional stent-grafts had to be implanted due to type I endovascular leakage (n = 5) or additional entry site adding up to a total of 107 implanted stent-grafts. During a follow-up period of 21 +/- 18 months, 17 additional patients died (22%). In 10 patients, death was disease- or procedure-related (13%). This long-term mortality depended on the underlying disease and was highest in the group with TAA (45%) followed by AAD (38%) and AD (18%). Patients in ASA class 4 and 5 had a significantly worse outcome. No aortic-related death occurred among patients with PAU or traumatic transsections. Overall, there was only one transient neurological deficit. Endovascular stent-graft placement has acceptable results in the treatment of patients with disease of the descending thoracic aorta. The outcome strongly depends on the underlying aortic pathology and the clinical health status of the patients. Randomized trials are necessary in order to establish the exact value of this new therapeutic option.     

覆膜支架腔内治疗急性胸主动脉综合征

目的 评价覆膜支架腔内治疗急性胸主动脉综合征的有效性和安全性。方法 2001年5月至2005年12月应用覆膜支架治疗57例急性胸主动脉综合征患者,其中急性主动脉B型夹层45例,穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡（PAU）或假性动脉瘤9例,创伤性胸主动脉瘤3例。建立数据库,分析其临床特点、疗效及随访结果。结果 57例患者覆膜支架置入技术成功率100％。5例有近端内漏,1例术中出现升主动脉夹层,未予特殊处理,随访结果良好;1例术后7天出现升主动脉夹层并发心包填塞死亡。5例PAU或主动脉夹层合并冠心病患者,在应用覆膜支架成功完全封闭破口后立即行冠状动脉介入治疗成功。1例出现术后一过性双下肢无力,经静脉滴注山莨菪碱和甘露醇2天后痊愈。1例支架覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口导致左椎动脉缺血,嗜睡2天后自行好转。术后重症监护病房时间1～8（平均3．5）天,术后平均住院10天。术后30天内死亡2例,1例死于升主动脉夹层破裂,1例死于急性肾衰竭。术后30天内死亡率3．5％。术后平均随访（25．3±13．1）（13—55）个月。1例于术后3个月死于大咯血,1例死因不明。1例因近端内漏行二次腔内修复术。5例患者因降主动脉覆膜支架远端再发现破口,行二次腔内修复术。术后截瘫发生率为0,无支架移位、狭窄等并发症。术后住院及随访期内总死亡率为7．0％。与传统手术相比,腔内治疗急性胸主动脉综合征具有创伤小、严重并发症少、住院时间较短的优势。结论 覆膜支架是治疗急性胸主动脉综合征优良且有效的方法,也可用于外科手术高风险患者,近中期随访结果良好,远期结果有待于进一步随访。     

Endovascular stent-graft treatment of aortic dissection: determinants of post-interventional outcome.

AIMS: To investigate the results of endovascular stent-graft placement for the treatment of patients with type B aortic dissection (B-AD). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 38 patients (62+/-10 years, 32 male) with acute (n=10) and chronic (n=28) type B-AD were treated with endovascular stent-grafts. The implantation procedure was successful in all patients. Peri-procedural non-fatal complications occurred in four (11%) patients. Overall, 4/38 (11%) patients died during the in-hospital period. Patients undergoing stent-graft placement for acute AD had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality than patients with chronic AD (40 vs. 0%, P=0.001). During a median follow-up of 18 (1-57) months, there were six additional deaths. Overall survival rates were 97.4+/-2.6% at 30 days, 80.4+/-6.7% at 1 year, 73.2+/-7.8% at 2 years, and 54.9+/-16.9% at 4 years. Patients with a poor clinical health status (ASA class > 3) had a significantly reduced life expectancy compared with patients with only moderate co-morbidities (ASA class 3) pre-operatively (HR=29.5, 95% CI 1.5-581.9, P=0.026) and increased age (HR=1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.2, P=0.084) were independent determinants of post-interventional mortality. CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-graft treatment is a safe alternative for patients with AD. The pre-operative clinical health status of the patient is the most important determinant of post-interventional outcome. Careful patient selection is thus of particular importance.     

Endovascular stent-grafts for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection: comparison of clinical outcomes

Within the recent months, endovascular repair of aor- tic aneurysms has become a rather interesting alternative to patients considering open surgery. In the past, the proce- dure was typically and more solely reserved to a selected group of elderly patients with several co-morbidities. Currently, there are a number of ongoing trials that are com-