腹腔镜肝切除术与开腹肝切除术治疗肝内胆管细胞癌患者短期临床疗效研究

目的 研究腹腔镜肝切除术(LH)与开腹肝切除术(OH)治疗肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者的短期临床疗效。方法 2018年2月～2021年2月我院诊治的122例ICC患者,被随机分为对照组61例和观察组61例,分别接受OH或LH治疗,随访观察半年。采用ELISA法检测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)。结果 LH组手术时长、术中失血量、肛门首次排气和术后住院日分别为(232.2±50.4)min、(592.3±164.7)ml、(2.1±0.8)d和(6.5±1.3)d,显著短于或少于0H组【分别为(321.1±69.7)min、(995.5±321.4)ml、(2.7±0.7)d和(8.2±1.7)d,P<0.0 5】;在术后3 d时,LH组血清CRP、Cor和IL-6水平分别为(25.1±4.0)mg/L、(529.6±75.4)mmol/L和(83.5±7.2)pg/ml,均显著低于0H组【分别为(39.8±5.1)mg/L、(654.7±78.1)mmol/L和(97.3±10.2)pg/ml,P<0.05】;在术后7 d时,LH组血...     

腹腔镜与开腹肝切除术治疗肝内胆管细胞癌患者疗效与安全性研究

目的 比较腹腔镜肝切除术(LLR)与开腹肝切除术(OLR)治疗肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者的疗效与安全性。方法 2015年1月～2018年6月我院诊治的ICC患者74例,其中32例接受LLR手术,另42例接受OLR手术。随访3年。结果 两组年龄、性别、腹部手术史、血清CA19-9和CEA水平、神经侵犯、微血管侵犯、肿瘤低分化、肿瘤直径和淋巴结肿大等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LLR组术中失血量、手术切口长度、肝门阻断、术后住院日、输血和胃肠道功能恢复时间分别为325(250,475)ml、5(3.5,6.5)cm、9例(28.1%)、7(5,12)d、2例(6.2%)和2(2,4)d,与OLR组【分别为500(375,750)ml、20.5(17.0,25.0)cm、31例(73.8%)、10(7,15)d、7例(16.7%)和4(3,6)d】比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组1 a生存率(81.2%对76.2%)和3 a生存率(46.8%对33.3%)无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后,两组均未发生严重并发症。结论 在当前情况下,采取OLR或LLR...     

肝内胆管细胞癌外科治疗进展

手术切除是肝内胆管细胞癌首选的治疗方法,也是唯一可能的治愈手段。R0切除是影响肝内胆管细胞癌手术预后的重要因素,在保证R0切除和手术安全性的基础上,切缘距离应>10 mm。淋巴结是否转移是肝内胆管细胞癌手术最重要的预后因素之一,淋巴结清扫能改善患者的预后,术后辅以系统治疗可以延长患者的生存期。对于起始不可切除的肝内胆管细胞癌患者,辅助化疗是一个可能获得根治性手术切除机会的有效措施。     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石病患者临床疗效研究*

目的 比较先行腹腔镜肝切除(LH)还是先行胆总管切开取石治疗肝内胆管结石病(IHC)患者的临床效果。方法 2017年1月～2021年10月我院诊治的IHC患者90例,其中合并胆总管结石79例。在53例A组,先行LH术,再行胆总管切开取石,在37例B组先行胆总管切开取石再进行LH,随访6个月。结果 A组手术时间、术后引流管拔除时间和术后住院日分别为(226.1±45.3)min、(7.1±1.8)d和(8.0±1.5)d,显著短于B组【分别为(294.5±58.8)min、(8.4±2.0)d和(9.7±2.4)d,P<0.05】,术中出血量为(215.4±39.7)ml,也显著少于B组【(328.2±37.2)ml,P<0.05】;术前术后两组血清ALT、AST、ALP和TBIL水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);随访3个月,两组术后切口感染、腹腔积液、胆漏、胆道出血和胆管炎并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(13.2%对 24.3%,P>0.05);随访6个月,A组结石复发率为5.7%,与B组的8.1%比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 对于合并胆总管结石的IHC患者是先行LH还是先行胆总管切口取石可能不影响治疗效果,而需要根据患者腹腔情况作出选择。外科医生需要总结经验,给出合理的手术路径,以提高手术效率和治疗结果。     

肝内胆管细胞癌患者超声造影表现特征分析

目的 分析肝内胆管细胞癌（ICC）的超声造影 (CEUS)表现特征,旨在为临床诊断提供依据。方法 2014年8月~2016年8月我院诊治的ICC患者64例,接受常规CT、MRI和彩色多普勒超声检查,并与CEUS检查结果进行对比分析。结果 64例患者存在64个肝内病灶,其中46例（71.9%）病灶边界较为模糊,18例（28.1%）边界较为清晰;56例（87.5%）病灶呈低回声,术后组织病理学检查表现为中或低分化,8例（12.5%）病灶也呈低回声,但术后病理学检查提示癌细胞为高分化;彩色多普勒超声检查显示,64例肿瘤病灶少血供26例（40.6%）,无血供38例（59.4%）;CEUS显示,33例（51.6%）ICC患者病灶表现为环状增强向内充填, 10例（15.6%）表现为整体条片状高增强,21例（32.8%）表现为无强化。在门脉期,11个（17.2%）病灶可见造影剂灌注未消退,53个（82.8%）病灶未见造影剂灌注。延迟期均未见造影剂存留;超声造影显示病灶范围较大、不规则,无包膜样结构,而常规CT检查则形态较为规则,MRI平扫T1WI呈混杂低信号,T2WI呈混杂略高或高信号,DWI呈高信号。结论 ICC的超声造影主要表现为病灶边界较为模糊、环形灌注、病灶呈现低回声、于动脉期出现一过性增强、无包膜样结构,了解这些特征有助于作出临床诊断。     

肝内胆管细胞癌的危险因素分析

目的探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangio carcinoma,ICC)的危险因素。方法将北京大学深圳医院2012年9月~2014年9月收治的ICC患者79例作为研究的试验组,并选择同期158例健康体检者作为对照组。计数资料采用χ2检验,计量资料采用t检验,对相关危险因素先用单因素Logistic回归分析,并对可疑危险因素采用多因素Logistic回归法进行分析。结果经单因素分析,ICC可能的危险因素有肝内胆管结石、酒精性肝硬化、乙型肝炎相关性肝硬化、其他原因肝硬化、胆总管结石,血清HBsAg阳性以及肝血吸虫病(P0.05)。多因素分析,ICC相关的危险因素是肝内胆管结石、酒精性肝硬化、乙型肝炎相关性肝硬化、其他原因肝硬化、肝血吸虫病、血清HBsAg阳性(P0.05)。结论 ICC的危险因素有多种,肝内胆管结石是其中的一个危险因素。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗经手术切除的肝内胆管细胞癌复发患者的疗效

目的探究介入疗法对肝内胆管细胞癌患者长期手术效果的影响。方法选取2016年4月至2018年1月于北京大学人民医院接收根治性切除术的94例原发性肝内胆管细胞癌患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者平均分为两组,对照组与观察组各47例。对照组实行全身静脉化疗,观察组采用介入治疗,两组患者均进行12个月随访,比较两组患者的总生存期(Overall Survival,OS)、无复发生存期(Relapse-Free Survival,RFS),比较两组患者的肿瘤复发率和不良反应发生率(肝功能损害、骨髓抑制和栓塞后综合征),并通过单因素分析法和多因素分析法分析观察组患者OS的影响因素。结果观察组OS为(10.53±1.41)月,高于对照组(6.64±1.13)月(P0.05)。观察组RFS为(9.44±1.41)月,高于对照组(5.28±1.27)月(P0.05)。观察组肿瘤复发率21.28%(10例),低于对照组46.80%(22例,P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率34.04%(16例),低于对照组68.06%(32例),观察组肝功能损害、骨髓抑制以及栓塞后综合征的发病人数均低于对照组(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,患者年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤组织学分化、血管侵犯和甲胎蛋白、糖类抗原CA19-9血清含量为OS的影响因素,多因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径、血管侵犯和甲胎蛋白的血清含量为患者OS的独立危险因素。结论介入治疗可以安全有效地治疗肝内胆管细胞癌,提高患者的生存率,可以进行临床推广。     

肝内胆管细胞癌CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现及其他肝内肿瘤的鉴别要点。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的18例肝内胆管细胞癌的CT资料，术前均经CT平扫和增强扫描，6例经延迟扫描。结果：18例CT平扫均表现为单发低密度病灶，密度均匀者3例，不均匀者15例；肝包膜回缩证10例；边缘清楚4例，不清楚14例；伴有肝内胆管扩张及肝内胆管结石8例；有脾肿大者3例，不均匀者15例；肝包膜回缩证10例；边缘清楚4例，不清楚14例；伴有肝内胆管扩张及肝内胆管结石8例；有脾肿大者3例。增强扫描病灶均匀为轻度强化，且不同程度地出现线样或网格状强化。结论：肝内胆管细胞癌有一定的CT特征，大多可与肝内其他占位病变鉴别。     

肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现

肝内胆管细胞癌占原发性肝癌的3．25％-8．2％，临床少见且术前诊断困难，CT检查是肝内胆管细胞癌定位和定性的重要影像学手段。现将肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现综述如下。     

肝内胆管结石的治疗

目的 总结肝内胆管结石外科治疗的体会。方法 对132例病人肝内胆管结石临床资料进行分析。结果 132例中肝叶切除46例(34．8％)，优良率94．5％；胆肠吻合54例(40．9％)，优良率87．8％；胆管探查T管引流32例(24．2％)，优良率76．5％；本组无死亡病例。结论 对肝内胆管结石的病人手术方式必须根据具体情况，选择合适的术式，以提高疗效。     

Surgery and chemotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma, arising from bile duct epithelium, is categorized into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), including hilarcholangiocarcinoma. Recently, there has been a worldwide increase in the incidence and mortality from ICC. Complete surgical resection is the only approach to cure the patients with ICC. However, locoregional extension of these tumors is usually advanced with intrahepatic and lymph-node metastases at the time of diagnosis. Resectability rates are quite low and variable (18%-70%). The five-year survival rate after surgical resection was reported to be 20%-40%. Median survival time after ICC resection was 12-37.4 mo. Only a small number of ICC cases, accompanied with ECC, gall bladder carcinoma, and ampullary carcinoma, have been reported in the studies of chemotherapy due to the rarity of the disease. However, in some reports, significant anti-cancer effects were achieved with a response rate of up to 40% and a median survival of one year. Although recurrence rate after hepatectomy is high for the patients with ICC, the residual liver and the lung are the main sites of recurrence after tentative curative surgical resection. Several patients in our study had a long-term survival with repeated surgery and chemotherapy. Repeated surgery, combined with new effective regimens of chemotherapy, could benefit the survival of ICC patients.     

Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of 429 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

AIM: To understand the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment selections and improve survival and provide valuable information for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 5311 liver cancer patients who received resection between October 1999 and December 2003. Of these, 429 (8.1%) patients were diagnosed with ICC, and their clinicopathological, surgical, and survival characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Upper abdominal discomfort or pain (65.0%), no symptoms (12.1%), and hypodynamia (8.2%) were the major causes for medical attention. Laboratory tests showed 198 (46.4%) patients were HBsAg positive, 90 (21.3%) had α-fetoprotein > 20 μg/L, 50 (11.9%) carcinoembryonic antigen > 10 μg/L, and 242 (57.5%) carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) > 37 U/mL. Survival data was available for 329 (76.7%) patients and their mean survival time was 12.4 mo. The overall survival of the patients with R0, R1 resection and punching exploration were 18.3, 6.6 and 5.6 mo, respectively. Additionally, CA19-9 > 37 U/mL was associated with lymph node metastases, but inversely associated with cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that radical resection, lymph node metastases, macroscopic tumor thrombi and size, and CA19-9 were associated with prognosis.CONCLUSION: Surgical radical resection is still the most effective means to cure ICC. Certain laboratory tests (such as CA19-9) can effectively predict the survival of the patients with ICC.     

A case of intrahepatic clear cell cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic clear cell cholangiocarcinoma is very rareonly 8 cases have been reported.A 56-year-old Japanese man with chronic hepatitis B infection was diagnosed with a 2.2 cm hepatocellular carcinoma on imaging,and hepatic segmentectomy was performed.Histopathologically,the tumor cells had copious clear cytoplasm and formed glandular structures or solid nests.These pathological findings suggested the tumor was a clear cell variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Particular stains and radiological image...     

肝内胆管癌患者术后预后研究

目的 探讨影响肝内胆管癌（ICC）患者术后生存的因素。方法 2011年12月~2015年2月我院诊治的ICC患者94例,对其中35例行姑息性治疗,即肝内扩张胆管置管引流术,对另59例行根治性肿瘤切除术。采用单因素分析和多因素回归分析影响ICC患者术后生存的因素。结果 经随访,本组94例ICC患者生存期为3~35个月,平均为（26.1±4.6）个月;1 a生存率为76.6%,2a生存率为7.4%;单因素分析显示,ICC肿瘤数目、直径、肿瘤分化、血清CEA、CA19-9和是否发生淋巴结转移和远处转移以及手术方法为影响术后患者生存的因素（P<0.05）;经多因素回归分析,发现肿瘤多发、低程度分化、血清CEA大于25 μg/L、血清CA19-9大于182 U/ml、手术切除组织边缘肿瘤细胞阳性、淋巴结转移和姑息性手术是影响ICC患者术后生存的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 ICC患者预后差,很多患者在诊断时已失去根治性切除肿瘤的机会,即使获得肿瘤切除而根治的患者仍存在很多影响预后的危险因素,临床医生需认真研究这些因素,而给予相应的处理。     

Clinical parameters predicting survival duration after hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND:

Currently, the most effective treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is complete hepatic tumour excision.

OBJECTIVE:

To identify the clinical parameters associated with survival duration for ICC patients following hepatectomy, and to construct a mathematical model for predicting survival duration.

METHODS:

Demographic data and clinical variables for 102 patients diagnosed with ICC, who underwent exploratory laparotomy at a single centre from July 1998 to December 2000 and were followed for an average of 24 months, were collected in 2011. Patients were randomly assigned into training (n=76) and validation (n=26) groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with posthepatectomy survival duration.

RESULTS:

Univariate analysis revealed that more than three lymph node metastases, a serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level >37 U/mL, stage IVa tumours, and intra- or perihepatic metastases were significantly associated with decreased survival duration. Curative resection was significantly associated with increased survival duration. A mathematical model incorporating parameters of age, sex, metastatic lymph node number, curative surgery, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 concentration, alpha-fetoprotein concentration, hepatitis B, TNM stage and tumour differentiation was constructed for predicting survival duration. For a survival duration of less than one year, the model exhibited 93.8% sensitivity, 92.3% total accuracy and a positive predictive value of 93.8%; for a survival duration of one to three years, the corresponding values were 80.0%, 69.2% and 57.1%, repsectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The mathematical model presented in the current report should prove to be useful in the clinical setting for predicting the extent to which curative resection affects the survival of ICC patients, and for selecting optimal postoperative treatment strategies.