组合型非生物人工肝支持治疗重型肝炎的临床研究

评价组合人工肝支持系统——血浆置换（Plasma change,PE）联合在线连续静脉-静脉血液滤过（on-line CVVHF）治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效、机制及可行性.将64例中晚期慢性乙型重型肝炎患者随机分为3组：A组23例内科常规治疗加PE联合on-line CVVHF;B组21例内科常规治疗加PE;C组仅予内科常规治疗.比较3组治疗后肝性脑病意识转清率,各项生化指标的变化并观察3组近期疗效及生存率.治疗后A组肝性脑病意识转清率60%,血胆红素、血氨、尿素氮、内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子水平明显降低,近期有效率81.5%,生存率45.5%;与B组比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.内科治疗加PE联合on-lineCVVHF能够提高脑病苏醒率,显著改善生化指标,提高近期生存率,且方便可行,应作为非生物人工肝支持的主要方法.     

缓慢性血浆置换同步并联血液滤过治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎

目的 探讨缓慢性血浆置换(PE)同步并联静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎患者的临床疗效.方法 104例患者随机分为3组,联合治疗组44例,PE治疗组30例,内科治疗组30例.联合治疗组在内科综合治疗基础上加用缓慢性PE同步并联CVVH治疗,PE治疗组在内科综合治疗基础上加用单纯PE治疗,内科治疗组仅予以内科综合治疗.观察3组治疗前后临床症状、体征、肝功能指标及近期有效率、生存率,并观察联合治疗组和PE治疗组治疗前后动脉血pH值、血钠浓度和肿瘤坏死因子及白细胞介素1、6、10等的变化情况.根据不同资料分别选择t检验、F检验或X2检验.结果 联合治疗组9例肝性脑病患者中7例意识转清,9例肝肾综合征患者中6例肾功能恢复,酸碱失平衡得以纠正,低钠血症改善,肿瘤坏死因子a下降,近期有效率81.82%,生存率56.82%;PE治疗组7例肝性脑病患者2例意识转清,5例肝肾综合征患者1例肾功能恢复,pH值、低钠血症及肿瘤坏死因子a无变化,近期有效率56.67%,生存率33.33%,两组患者白细胞介素1、6均降低,白细胞介素10升高.内科治疗组6例肝性脑病患者中1例意识转清醒,肝肾综合征患者肾功能均未恢复,近期有效率23.33%,生存率16.67%.结论 缓慢性PE同步并联CVVH是一种新型、安全、有效的非生物型人工肝治疗方法.     

组合型非生物型人工肝治疗晚期慢性重型肝炎

目的 探讨组合型非生物型人工肝治疗晚期慢性重型肝炎患者的临床疗效，观察其改善肝性脑病，肝肾综合征和电解质紊乱的作用。方法 103例患者随机分成两组，治疗组63例，对照组40例。两组病例均合并有不同程度的并发症。治疗组在内科综合治疗基础上加用组合型非生物型人工肝治疗，对照组加用单纯血浆置换治疗。观察两组治疗前后临床症状、肝功能指标及并发症的变化，并比较近期疗效及生存率。结果 治疗组肝性脑病意识好转率为72．7％（8／11），电解质紊乱纠正率为89．5％（34／38），6例肝。肾综合征患者中4例。肾功能恢复，近期有效率为52．4％（33／63），生存率为47．6％（30／63）；对照组6例肝性脑病患者经治疗后1例意识好转，电解质紊乱纠正率42．3％（11／26），并发肝肾综合征患者无一例肾功能恢复，近期有效率为32．5％（13／40），生存率为22．5％（9／40），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（x^2=6．56，P〈0．05）。结论 在内科综合治疗基础上联合组合型非生物型人工肝治疗能有效提高晚期慢性重型肝炎患者的生存率。     

血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(PE)联合连续性静-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的疗效及安全性。方法在内科治疗基础上,30例患者给予PE CVVH治疗,35例给予单纯PE治疗。观察近期疗效、并发症的变化及不良反应。结果两组患者肝功能均明显改善;联合组7例肝肾综合征中6例肾功能恢复正常,肝性脑病清醒率达62.5%,近期成活率80.0%;对照组9例肝肾综合征中仅1例肾功能恢复,肝性脑病清醒率30.0%,近期成活率54.3%。结论在内科综合治疗基础上PE联合CVVH可显著改善重型肝炎患者的生化指标,纠正并发症,提高近期存活率,且安全可行。     

连续性血液滤过治疗重型肝炎合并肝性脑病16例临床疗效观察

目的观察连续性血液滤过（CVVH）治疗重型肝炎合并肝性脑病的临床疗效。方法将32例重型肝炎合并肝性脑病患者随机分为两组。治疗组：内科综合疗法＋CVVH。对照组：内科综合疗法。治疗前后分别检测肝肾功能、血氨、TNF和IL-6等。结果治疗组、对照组患者的清醒率分别为75．0％和31．3％。CVVH治疗后血清尿素氮、肌酐、氨、TNF及IL-6比对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）。血清胆红素、TBA下降与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。治疗组肝性脑病Ⅰ-Ⅱ期患者的存活率明显高于Ⅲ-Ⅳ期（P〈0．05）。结论CVVH是辅助治疗重型肝炎合并肝性脑病的有效方法,早期治疗能进一步提高疗效。     

不同类型人工肝治疗重型肝病的即刻疗效及不良反应对照

目的通过前瞻性、大样本的对照研究,探讨不同类型人工肝在重型肝病治疗中的临床意义。方法选择北京佑安医院的重型肝炎和慢性肝炎重度且凝血酶原活动度（PTA）〈50%的患者469例,共进行不同种类人工肝治疗1257次,按照人工肝类型分为3组,血浆置换（PE）组,分子再循环系统（MARS）组,PE和血液滤过组合（PE＋CVVH）组,并记录人工肝治疗前后患者症状、实验室指标及不良反应。结果各组人工肝治疗前后胆红素水平均有明显改善,PE组、PE＋CVVH组清除胆红素及提高凝血酶原活动度（PTA）水平的能力优于MARS组;PE＋CVVH和MARS组降低肌酐（Cr）作用强于PE组;PE组治疗后肝性脑病（HE）无改善,MARS组、PE＋CVVH组治疗后HE明显缓解,其中MARS组有效率为51.5%（17/33）,PE＋CVVH组有效率为54.3%（19/35）。结论 3组人工肝治疗方法对重型肝病治疗均有一定的效果,而PE、PE＋CVVH治疗清除总胆红素（TBil）的作用优于MARS组;PE＋CVVH和MARS治疗对Cr的清除优于PE。PE组发生过敏反应的比例高于PE＋CVVH组及MARS组,PE＋CVVH组发生血压下降的比例高于PE组及MARS组。     

血浆置换联合血液透析滤过治疗重型肝炎的临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(PE)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗重型肝炎的临床效果。方法将119例重型肝炎患者随机分为A、B、C三组,均在内科治疗的基础上,A组47例接受PE治疗,B组32例接受PE+HDF治疗,C组不接受人工肝治疗。结果 A组治愈16例,好转22例,死亡9例,B组治愈9例,好转17例,死亡6例,C组治愈7例,好转22例,死亡11例;PE或PE+HDF治疗后,患者血NO、LPS、TNF-α下降明显。结论 PE或PE联合HDF治疗重型肝炎,能显著改善临床症状、促进肝性脑病恢复,提高患者存活率。     

潘南金辅助治疗慢性重型肝炎 128例效果分析

目的总结潘南金在慢性重型肝炎病人治疗中的作用。方法将2000年1月至2002年9月诊断为慢性重型肝炎的患者188例随机分为治疗组与对照组，治疗组用综合治疗加潘南金30ml 10％葡萄糖液250ml静脉点滴，每天1次，连用30d，对照组仅用综合治疗不用潘南金，分析比较两组病人临床疗效。结果潘南金治疗组病人有效率82．03％(显效56．25％ 有效25．78％)，对照组有效率为68．33％(显效30．00％ 有效38．33％)，电解质紊乱发生率治疗组8．59％，对照组38．33％，并发症发生率治疗组23．44％，对照组41．67％，肝性脑病发生率治疗组10．94％，对照组30．00％，潘南金治疗组均优于对照组。结论潘南金在辅助治疗慢性重型肝炎病人中可以提高临床治疗效果。     

高位结肠灌洗加中药治疗肝性脑病的临床评价

目的 观察高位结肠灌洗加中药治疗肝性脑病的临床疗效。方法 随机将216例肝性脑病患者分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组114例采用结肠途径治疗机配合传统内科药物治疗，对照组102例仅用传统内科药物治疗。检测两组治疗前后血清肝功能、血氨等生化指标，观察患者临床症状和体征的改善情况及其预后。结果治疗组肝功能的恢复程度和血氨的下降幅度均优于对照组，且神志恢复正常的时间为（1.9±1．4）d，较对照组的（3．5±1．7）d明显缩短（P〈0．01），感染、消化道出JfIL、肝肾综合征和电解质紊乱等并发症的发生率（31．6％、7．9％、5．3％、30．7％）较对照组（64．7％、22．5％、20．6％、57．8％）低（矿值分别为22．39、8．06、10．20、15．05；P值均〈0．01），治疗组存活率为92．1％，较对照组的78．4％明显提高（X^2=7．11，P〈0．01）。结论 高位结肠灌洗配合传统内科药物治疗肝性脑病疗效显著，缩短神志恢复时间，减少并发症的发生率，明显提高患者的生存率。     

核苷类似物及人工肝治疗亚急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭疗效分析

目的回顾性分析核苷类似物及人工肝治疗亚急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭的疗效。方法 292例亚急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病例,根据不同治疗方法分成4组:A组为一般内科治疗组、B组为一般内科加核苷类似物治疗组、C组为一般内科加人工肝治疗组、D组为一般内科加核苷类似物及人工肝治疗组,研究这4组病例治疗8周的疗效。对治疗前终末期肝病模型(MELD)分值(X1)、核苷类似物治疗(X2)、人工肝治疗(X3)进行赋值,用非条件Logistic回归分析这些因素对疗效的影响并计算治疗组间的比值比(OR)。结果 A组、B组、C组、D组治疗8周的有效率分别为37.50%、55.74%、60.00%、68.57%,4组有效率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.273,P=0.001)。多因素非条件Logistic回归得出Logistic回归方程:P/(1-P)=e^(2.335-2.191X1+0.596X2+0.841X3),根据该方程可以计算出在相同治疗方法时,MELD分值≤29分者与MELD分值>29分者的OR值为8.944,在相同MELD分值范围时,D组与A组治疗方法的OR值为4.208,D组与B组治疗方法的OR值为2.319,D组与C组治疗方法的OR值为1.814,OR值均大于1。结论亚急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭病例中MELD分值≤29分者疗效优于MELD评分>29分者,在一般内科基础上加核苷类似物及人工肝治疗亚急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭的疗效可以起到协同作用。     

Development of reliable artificial liver support (ALS)-plasma exchange in combination with hemodiafiltration using high-performance membranes

A new artificial liver support system (ALSS) consisting of plasma exchange (PE) in combination with hemodiafiltration (HDF) using high-performance membranes of polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) was developed to efficiently remove middle molecules from plasma and treat fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) complicated, by the onset of hepatic coma. Twenty-seven patients with FHF due to viral hepatitis, two with type A (HA), nine with type B (HB), and 16 with type non-A, non-B (NANB) underwent therapy with this new ALSS over the last five years. Three patients, with an exacerbation of chronic HB and 15/16 with type NANB hepatitis were treated with interferon (IFN) also. Of these, 25 patients (92.6%), regained consciousness and 15 (55.6%) [1/2 (50%) with type A, 6/9 (66.7%) with type B and 8/16 (50%) with type NANB hepatitis] survived Including four patients who survived with intensive, care and plasma exchange alone, 19/31 (61.3%) patients survived. Because of its biocompatibility, both survivors and nonsurvivors could be sustained with the ALSS without complications for long periods (19.3 days for the survivors and 32.4 days for nonsurvivors). With this ALSS the ability to sustain life for such prolonged periods allows hepatic regeneration to occur and result in patient survival. It is anticipated that this new ALSS will not only be of value in cases of fulminant hepatic failure but that it may also play a role in sustaining life for those, awaiting liver transplantation.     

血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过治疗重型乙型病毒性肝炎的临床观察

目的 探讨血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过治疗重型乙型病毒性肝炎的临床疗效.方法 对22例用血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过技术治疗的患者(治疗组)与18例开展连续性血液滤过技术前单用血浆置换治疗的患者(对照组)进行治疗效果的回顾性对比分析.结果 两组治疗后肝功能均较治疗前显著好转(P＜0.01).治疗组治疗后血氨显著降低(P＜0.01),肝性脑病患者意识转清率为76.92%.连续性血液滤过治疗期间可见患者球结膜水肿明显减轻,持续性中枢性高热得到控制.治疗组患者的病情虽较对照组重,但治疗组治愈好转率为45.45%,与对照组相似.结论 血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过治疗重型乙型病毒性肝炎较单纯血浆置换治疗的适应证范围扩大并取得较好效果,为重型乙型病毒性肝炎患者带来了更多的生存机会.     

Therapeutic effects of blood purification in treatment of fulminant hepatic failure

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical effects of blood purification for treating fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).MethodsThirty-three severe FHF patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) above grade III were subjected to a combined blood purification treatment in addition to the comprehensive liver protection therapy. Patients underwent continuous hemofiltration on a daily basis during the daytime followed by sequential treatment with plasma exchange or hemodialysis every 2–3 days. The therapeutic effects of this treatment were evaluated.ResultsAfter treatment with blood purification, restoration of consciousness (those who abandoned the treatment without restoration of consciousness were excluded) was achieved in 6 of 8 cases (75%) in acute liver failure (ALF) group, 3 of 3 cases (100%) in subacute liver failure (SALF) group, and 9 of 14 cases (64.29%) in acute/subacute on chronic liver failure (A/SCLF) group. Of all cases, 11 patients restored consciousness after 7 days in a coma. The rate of long-term survival (those who abandoned the treatment were excluded) was 3/7 (42.86%) for ALF group, 2/2 (100%) for SALF group, and 1/11 (9.09%) for A/SCLF group. The levels of hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood were significantly reduced after blood purification.ConclusionsTreatment of FHF patients with daily continuous hemofiltration during the daytime is effective in treating HE and in improving health status in the early stages of the disease. Long-term prognosis also benefits from this treatment. The rate of consciousness recovery and long-term survival is highest in SALF group followed by ALF group. This treatment is less effective in A/SCLF patients. It should be noted that blood purification procedure may cause damage to blood cells.     

血浆置换联合血液滤过对乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者血清IL-17和IL-6的影响

目的探讨血浆置换联合血液滤过对乙型肝炎相关肝衰竭血清白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6的影响。方法 30例乙型肝炎慢加急性肝衰竭患者在内科治疗的基础上采用血浆置换联合血液滤过单次治疗。用ELISA检测各组血清IL-17、IL-6浓度,同时记录血清ALT、TBil等值并进行统计分析。结果肝衰竭组患者血清IL-17、IL-6水平分别为(123.5±23.0)pg/ml、(110.0±18.5)pg/ml,高于慢性乙型肝炎患者(48.5±6.3)pg/ml、(27.8±5.9)pg/ml和正常对照组(34.7±3.3)pg/ml、(12.1±5.1)pg/ml,P均<0.001;治疗后血清IL-17、IL-6水平分别为(84.7±21.4)pg/ml、(75.8±16.6)pg/ml,较治疗前下降(t=35.1,P<0.001;t=33.4,P<0.001);与好转组相比,人工肝对恶化组血清IL-17、IL-6清除效率降低(t=3.8,P<0.05;t=3.9,P<0.05);人工肝对血清IL-17、IL-6清除效率均与MELD评分呈负相关(r=-0.53、P=0.003;r=-0.43,P=0.015)。结论血浆置换联合血液滤过能有效降低肝衰竭患者血清IL-17、IL-6水平,其对IL-17、IL-6的清除效率可能与患者预后有关。     

Effectiveness of combined plasma exchange treatment in fulminant viral hepatitis

The plasma exchange is an effective measure in the treatment of acute liver failure. The authors report their own first experiences in this field in the management of fulminant viral hepatitis. Four out of 7 treated patients survived. So, the survival rate was augmented from 25 per cent in a control group of 8 patients without plasma exchange to 57.1 per cent. Other necessary therapeutic measures are high energetic nutrition, branched chained amino acids, stimulation of liver cell regeneration, correction of coagulation alterations, and intensive care. The success depends on coma stage in the beginning of treatment. Patients with signs of praecoma should be admitted to specialized centers. The number of such centers should be limited because of the necessary experiences and the high costs of combined plasma exchange treatment of this rare hepatitis complication.     

Effect of artificial liver support system on patients with severe viral hepatitis： A study of four hundred cases

AIM: To assess the effect of artificial liver support system (ALSS) on patients with severe viral hepatitis, who were divided into treatment group and control group. METHODS: Four hundred in-hospital patients enrolled during 1995-2003 who received ALSS therapy were studied as the treatment group. Four hundred in-hospital patients enrolled during 1986-1994 who received other medical therapies served as the control group. The methods of ALSS used included plasma exchange, hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). The effect of ALSS treatment was studied in patients at different stages of the disease. RESULTS: The cure rate of acute and subacute severe hepatitis in the treatment group was 78.9% (30/38), and was 11.9% (5/42) in the control group. The improved rate of chronic severe hepatitis in the treatment group was 43.4% (157/362), and was 15.4% (55/358) in the control group. We found that patients treated with ALSS in the early or middle stage of the disease had much higher survival rates than patients in the end stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: ALSS is an effective and safe therapy for severe viral hepatitis.     

血浆置换治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换治疗慢性重型肝炎的疗效。方法118例慢性重型肝炎患者被随机分为对照组和治疗组,后者加用血浆置换治疗。采用ELISA法检测患者血清细胞间粘附分子-1（sICAM-1）和白介素-18（IL-18）水平。结果在血浆置换治疗后,治疗组患者临床症状显著改善,血清sICAM-1由治疗前548．26±150．53μg／L降至228．32±132．15μg／L,血清IL-18由治疗前723．64±160．25μg／ml降至治疗后312．53±121．39μg／ml,血清TBIL由治疗前546．11±174．86μmol／L降至178．43±87．74μmol／L,凝血酶原活动度由治疗前22．84±11．13％升至治疗后36．79±15．19％,上述指标的变化均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。60例治疗组患者治愈41例（68．3％）,19例（中期7例,晚期12例）死亡,58例对照组患者治愈率为48．3％（28／58）,30例（早期7例,中期11例和晚期12例）死亡（P〈0．01）。结论血浆置换治疗慢性重型肝炎患者疗效可靠,能显著降低血清中炎性介质水平,减轻免疫反应对肝细胞的损伤,提高患者的治愈率。     

持续血液滤过治疗高脂血症性急性胰腺炎24例

目的:观察早期连续血液滤过(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)对高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis,HLP)的治疗效果.方法:49例HLP患者随机分为2组:连续血液滤过组(A组,n=24)和对照组(B组,n=25).在常规治疗的基础上,A组加用连续血液滤过.观察治疗前后两组患者的心率(HR)、呼吸(R)、氧合指数(PO2/FiO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)等指标的变化;并行APACHE~ 动态评分;比较两组治疗前后急性并发症的变化及治愈率.结果:经CVVH治疗后72h,患者临床症状改善明显,HR、R降至正常,APACHE~评分下降明显(10.8±5.1vs15.5±6.9,P<0.05);血清TG、IL-6及TNF-α亦明显下降(6.8±3.7vs18.5±6.3,39.8±16.7vs72.4±25.1,37.5±14.1vs61.2±16.1,P<0.05).治疗7d后,两组休克均获纠正(P<0.05).A组ARDS和急性肾功能障碍控制迅速,发生率下降明显(5.0%vs37.5%,5.0%vs25%,P<0.05).A组治愈22例,死亡2例,死亡率8.3%;B组治愈20例,死亡5例,死亡率20%,治疗效果显著.结论:CVVH治疗HLP有明显的效果,能有效改善患者病情,降低病死率.