经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术联合腹腔镜下胆囊切除术治疗60岁以上重症结石性胆囊炎患者的疗效观察

目的研究经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术在治疗老年重症结石性胆囊炎中的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1月-2014年7月于山东省巨野县人民医院就诊的老年重症结石性胆囊炎患者60例,分为观察组和对照组,各30例。观察组患者予以经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术+腹腔镜下胆囊切除术,对照组患者入院后急诊行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术,比较两组患者的术中情况、临床症状改善时间及并发症发生情况。计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、休克纠正时间、体温恢复时间、白细胞恢复时间及凝血功能恢复时间分别为(23.06±3.61)min、(3.09±0.31)ml、(1.12±0.13)d、(1.60±0.22)d、(2.08±0.49)d、(1.61±0.31)d,均明显短(低)于对照组患者的(68.58±11.54)min、(55.90±13.73)ml、(2.32±0.53)d、(2.74±0.83)d、(4.32±0.94)d、(2.95±0.52)d,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。两组患者肠穿孔、气胸、肝损伤发生率差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05),但观察组患者术后多器官功能衰竭、胆瘘发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术可明显改善老年重症结石性胆囊炎患者的术中情况,缩短临床症状改善时间,降低术后胆瘘及多器官功能衰竭发生率,临床疗效可靠、安全性高。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎62例

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎的临床效果。方法选择我院2009年1月至2014年1月收治的62例胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎患者为研究对象,随机将其分为两组,对照组患者行传统开腹手术,观察组患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对两组手术情况(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症)进行比较。结果观察组手术时间(46.12±8.87)min,平均住院时间(5.01±1.28)d;对照组手术时间(59.20±9.98)min,平均住院时间(9.11±2.26)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P0.05。另外,两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义,P0.05。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后恢复快等特点,值得在胆囊结石并发急性胆囊炎治疗中进一步应用。     

B超导引下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效

目的 探讨B超引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术(PTGCD)治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效.方法 选择120例急性胆囊炎患者,均在B超下行PTGCD治疗,观察PTGCD治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效和并发症发生情况.结果 120例患者在B超下行PTGCD治疗均获成功,无出血、胆瘘等并发症发生.在后续治疗中,102例顺利施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,18例行腹腔镜手术时因解剖不清而中转行开腹胆囊切除术,均治愈.结论 B超引导下行PTGCD治疗可迅速缓解急性胆囊炎引起的危重症状,且微创、安全,对急性胆囊炎的治疗有重要临床价值.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术和小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的疗效及安全性对比

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术和小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效差异。方法:选取50例急性胆囊炎患者,按照随机数字法均分为腹腔镜组和小切口开腹组,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间和并发症发生率的差异。结果:两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腹腔镜组术中出血量和住院时间分别为(56.2±9.3)ml和(4.1±1.5)d,均显著少于小切口开腹组的(121.4±27.3)ml和(7.5±2.3)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组并发症发生率为4.0%,低于小切口开腹组的24.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术和小切口胆囊切除术均是治疗急性胆囊炎的有效方法,全腹腔镜术式手术时间短,患者康复快,术后并发症少。     

不同手术方法治疗老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者临床疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术治疗老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者的疗效和安全性,为急性化脓性胆囊炎的治疗提供经验依据。方法 选取2010年2月～2015年6月就诊于我院的老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者67例,行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗者34例,行传统开腹胆囊切除术治疗者33例。在Excel表格记录患者切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹、术后首次肛门排气时间、引流管拔除时间、术后不同时间疼痛程度、术后住院时间、并发症发生情况,应用SPSS 20.0软件行统计学分析。结果 1例接受腹腔镜手术患者因腹腔粘连和术中出血难以控制而中转开腹,开腹组1例术后因感染性休克死亡,66例患者获得治愈;腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、引流管拔除时间分别为（55.6±15.4） min、（65.6±23.6） ml、（7.5±2.3） d、（2.4±1.3） d,显著优于开腹组的【（61.8±16.49) min、(103.9±35.6） ml、（14.3±2.9） d、（3.7±1.5） d,P<0.05】;术后第1、3、5、7 d,腹腔镜组疼痛评分分别为（5.9±1.3）、（4.4±1.1）、（3.1±0.8）、（1.5±0.8）,显著优于开腹组的【（7.5±1.8）、（6.6±1.5）、（3.9±1.1）、（2.8±0.9）,P<0.05】;腹腔镜组并发症发生率为18%,显著低于开腹组的39%（P<0.05）。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术与传统开腹胆囊切除术均是老年急性化脓性胆囊炎安全有效的治疗方法,但腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有切口小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少等优势。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎216例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院2010年1月-2013年1月行LC的216例急性胆囊炎患者临床资料。手术采用气管插管全麻,常规采用三孔法,必要时增加一戳孔以利于操作。术后引流管放置1~3 d,使用抗生素3~5 d。观察手术时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症发生率。术后所有患者均随访至少半年。结果本组LC成功率87.0%(188/216),中转开腹率13.0%(28/216),平均手术时间(62.00±11.27)min,平均住院时间(4.60±2.16)d,并发症发生率2.3%(5/216),患者均痊愈出院。随访期间均无其他并发症发生,术后恢复均良好。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎是安全可行的,正确处理好胆囊三角及良好的术中引流是手术成功的关键。     

超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗老年急性结石性胆囊炎的疗效

目的探讨超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术(PTGD)治疗老年重症结石性胆囊炎的临床疗效。方法 2013年1月至2014年12月将收治的老年急性结石性胆囊炎患者按照数字表法随机分为研究组和对照组,其中对照组患者行胆囊造瘘术,研究组患者首先行超声引导下PTGD,择期再行胆囊切除术。结果研究组患者手术成功率明显高于对照组;而研究组的死亡率明显低于对照组(χ2=4.01、3.94,均P0.05)。研究组的术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.38,P0.05)。结论超声引导下PTGD治疗老年急性结石性胆囊炎能够快速缓解症状,有效控制感染,特别适用于胆囊切除术风险较大的患者,值得临床推广与应用。     

经皮肝胆囊抽吸术在高危老年人急性胆囊炎中的应用

目的比较经皮肝胆囊抽吸术和开腹胆囊切除、胆囊造瘘术在高危老年人急性胆囊炎中的疗效。方法收集47例高危老年急性胆囊炎患者（APACHE≥12），20例行经皮肝胆囊抽吸术，27例行开腹胆囊切除或胆囊造瘘术。结果20例患者成功行经皮肝胆囊抽吸术，1例导管滑脱，1例出现轻度胆漏，其余症状缓解后择期行胆囊切除术，无严重并发症；开腹手术患者中9例出现并发症。结论经皮肝胆囊抽吸术是一种安全、有效地把急诊胆囊术变成择期胆囊手术的方法。     

经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术治疗老年重症结石性胆囊炎的临床疗效

目的探讨经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术治疗老年重症结石性胆囊炎的临床疗效。方法选择老年重症结石性胆囊炎患者60例为研究对象,按随机数字法分至观察组和对照组,各30例,观察组患者予以经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术+腹腔镜下胆囊切除术,对照组患者入院后急诊行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术,比较两组患者的术中情况、临床症状改善时间及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者入院至接受手术时间、手术时间、术中出血、住院时间、休克纠正、体温恢复、白细胞恢复、凝血功能恢复时间均明显短(低)于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者肠穿孔、气胸、肝脏损伤发生率无明显差异(P0.05),但观察组患者术后多器官衰竭、胆瘘发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论经皮经肝胆囊穿刺造瘘术可明显改善患者术中情况,缩短临床症状改善时间,降低术后胆瘘及多器官衰竭发生率,临床疗效可靠、安全性高。     

急性化脓性胆囊炎患者超声影像学特点及其诊断价值*

目的 总结急性化脓性胆囊炎患者超声影像学检查特点。方法 2019年4月～2021年4月我院诊治的急性单纯性胆囊炎50例和急性化脓性胆囊炎41例,常规进行超声检查,全部患者接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,术后行组织病理学检查。结果 急性化脓性胆囊炎患者超声检查发现胆汁透声差、胆囊肿大、胆囊壁增厚或粗糙和Murphy征阳性率分别为85.4%、92.7%、82.9%和90.2%,均显著高于急性单纯性胆囊炎患者(分别为52.0%、60.0%、62.0%和28.0%,P＜0.05);在41例急性化脓性胆囊炎患者中,经彩色多普勒超声检查,1例(2.4%)被误诊为胆汁淤积,1例(2.4%)被误诊为单纯胆囊结石,3例(7.3%)被误诊为急性单纯性胆囊炎;术前,急性化脓性胆囊炎患者外周血白细胞计数为(15.1±3.5)×10⁹/L,显著高于急性单纯性胆囊炎患者[(9.8±4.9)×10⁹/L,P＜0.05],血清总胆红素水平为(25.3±2.7)μmol/L,显著高于急性单纯性胆囊炎患者[17.1±3.1μmol/L,P＜0.05],血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平为(97.1±5.6)U/L,显著高于急性单纯性胆囊炎患者[(36.7±4.7)U/L,P＜0.05];术后,血清AST水平为(50.3±4.3)U/L,显著高于急性单纯性胆囊炎患者[(29.8±4.6)U/L,P＜0.05]。结论 多普勒超声检查能评价急性化脓性胆囊炎患者的胆囊形态、胆囊壁厚程度、胆汁透声和超声Murphy征,可为诊断急性化脓性胆囊炎提供较为可靠的影像学依据。     

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients: one center's experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The standard treatment for acute cholecystitis is cholecystectomy; however, cholecystectomy is not an option in some patients who are too high-risk for emergency surgery. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy is an alternative for such patients. This study presents one center's five-year clinical experience with ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis. METHODS: In this study the records of all patients (18 total; mean age, 68.2+/-15.4 years; range, 42-91 years) who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis between June 1998 and October 2003 were reviewed. Duration of hospitalization, duration of tube placement, mortality and morbidity after tube placement, complication rates, culture results for aspirated bile, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis and four were diagnosed with acalculous cholecystitis. The average hospital stay was 19+/-12.6 days (range, 5-52 days), and the average duration of catheter drainage was 20.5+/-19.1 days (range, 1-75 days). Six patients underwent open cholecystectomy between days 16 and 26 of catheter drainage, and none had postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy is a relatively safe and easy method for treating acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients. The risk of complications is low and the likelihood of success is high.     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to ascertain the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous cholecystostomy in a selected group of high-risk patients who were physiologically unable to tolerate an open procedure. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the hospital records of 11 critically ill patients who underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis during the intensive care unit course of major underlying diseases. RESULTS: Percutaneous cholecystostomy was easily performed in all cases (feasibility rate: 100%). No procedure-related death was recorded and minor complications occurred in 2 patients (18%). Percutaneous cholecystostomy led to resolution of the sepsis in all but 1 patient with gangrenous calcolous cholecystitis who required emergent cholecystectomy (success rate: 91%). Percutaneous cholecystostomy was the permanent treatment in all patients with acalcolous cholecystitis. Among patients with calcolous cholecystitis, 4 underwent delayed elective cholecystectomy, 1 required no further treatment, and 2 eventually died from the evolution of their underlying diseases. After a mean follow-up of 25 months (range: 12-32 months), none of the patients managed non-operatively required surgery or re-hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Ease of performance, low complication rate, and high success rate make percutaneous cholecystostomy the procedure of choice for critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis. Whenever possible, percutaneous cholecystostomy should be followed by elective cholecystectomy. However, especially in acalcolous cholecystitis, it may constitute the definitive treatment.     

Nonsurgical Treatment of Cholecystolithiasis with Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholecystoscopy

Early surgical intervention in acute cholecystitis is sometimes fatal to patients in the high-risk group. Since the technical development of ultrasonically guided puncture of the gallbladder, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy has become a safer method for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. We have been developing percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy procedures since 1981, and have used this method in 11 patients with cholecystolithiasis. In all cases, we were able to destroy the stones with the Nd-YAG laser, and remove the fragments with a basket catheter through the fistula. There were no severe complications from percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy or cholecystoscopy. This lithotomy technique is a safe and reliable nonsurgical technique for patients with cholecystolithiasis, especially the elderly high-risk group.     

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy for acute complicated cholecystitis in elderly patients

We report our experience with percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy in 10 elderly patients with acute cholecystitis, complicated by empyema formation. Most of these patients has severe underlying disease, rendering them at high risk for surgical intervention. In all patients, the percutaneous procedure was followed by a rapid regression of clinical symptoms and of radiologic abnormalities. Six were considered inoperable. Three of these remain free of biliary symptoms, respectively 22, 10, and 7 months after percutaneous cholecystostomy. Three others died of nonbiliary disease 1-4 months after cholecystostomy. Three patients underwent successful elective cholecystostomy 1-5 wk after percutaneous cholecystostomy. In one patient, cholecystectomy had to be performed because of recurrence of hydrops, 1 wk after catheter removal. In our opinion, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of elderly patients with acute complicated cholecystitis. It can be followed by elective cholecystectomy in good surgical candidates, or by an expectant conservative management in high surgical risk patients.     

Ultrasound guided percutaneous cholecystostomy in high-risk patients for surgical intervention

INTRODUCTION Cholecystectomy is the appropriate treatment of acute calculous and acalculous cholecystitis, and it has a mortal- ity rate of 0%-0.8%[1,2]. However, the mortality rate of surgical treatment may be as high as 14%-30% in elderly or critically ill patients with comorbid diseases[3,4]. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has been intro- duced as an alternative method to treat acute cholecystitis in patients with significant comorbid diseases[5-8]. PC can be achieved with the guid…     

Influence of splenorenal shunt on long-term outcomes in cirrhosis

Objective. Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis, but in high-risk patients with serious comorbidity and in patients of advanced age there is substantial morbidity and mortality associated with the intervention. In these selected patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCS) is an alternative mode of management. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of PCS in selected patients with acute cholecystitis. Material and methods. Thirty-five patients, representing 0.6% of all acute cholecystitis patients managed during the period 1994–2003, were subjected to PCS. Patients’ charts were reviewed retrospectively for age, gender, comorbidity, hospital stay, procedure, complications and final outcome, including requirement of additional interventions. Results. PCS was considered successful in 34/35 patients, 26 of whom responded within 3 days. Two patients required additional cholecystectomy 3 days and 20 months, respectively, after the PCS procedure. Two patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and one patient underwent rotation lithotripsy. Four patients suffered recurrent biliary complaints after the acute episode of cholecystitis, while the only serious procedure-related complication was bile leakage from the gallbladder in one patient, which necessitated cholecystectomy. Conclusions. PCS is a comparatively safe and efficient procedure in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients with serious comorbidity and in elderly patients, contraindicating the general anaesthesia required for laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy.     

EUS-guided transmural cholecystostomy as rescue management for acute cholecystitis in elderly or high-risk patients: a prospective feasibility study

BACKGROUND: Although EUS-guided drainage procedures have been used to collect peripancreatic fluids, little is known regarding EUS-guided transmural gallbladder drainage for high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the technical feasibility and outcomes of EUS-guided transmural cholecystostomy as rescue management in elderly and high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. DESIGN: Single-center prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Nine elderly or high-risk patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. INTERVENTIONS: All inflamed gallbladders were drained by EUS-guided transmural cholecystostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Clinical resolution of acute cholecystitis. RESULTS: After the drainage procedures, there were no immediate complications such as bleeding, bile leak, or peritonitis, except for 1 patient who had pneumoperitoneum. After EUS-guided transmural cholecystostomy, all patients showed rapid clinical improvement within 72 hours. LIMITATIONS: Small number of patients. CONCLUSION: EUS-guided transmural cholecystostomy may be feasible and safe as initial, interim, or even definitive treatment of patients with severe acute cholecystitis who are at high operative risk for immediate cholecystectomy.     

Systematic review of cholecystostomy as a treatment option in acute cholecystitis

ObjectivesPercutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an established low-mortality treatment option for elderly and critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis. The primary aim of this review is to find out if there is any evidence in the literature to recommend PC rather than cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in the elderly population.MethodsIn April 2007, a systematic electronic database search was performed on the subject of PC and cholecystectomy in the elderly population. After exclusions, 53 studies remained, comprising 1918 patients. Three papers described randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but none compared the outcomes of PC and cholecystectomy. A total of 19 papers on mortality after cholecystectomy in patients aged >65 years were identified.ResultsSuccessful intervention was seen in 85.6% of patients with acute cholecystitis. A total of 40% of patients treated with PC were later cholecystectomized, with a mortality rate of 1.96%. Procedure mortality was 0.36%, but 30-day mortality rates were 15.4 % in patients treated with PC and 4.5% in those treated with acute cholecystectomy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere are no controlled studies evaluating the outcome of PC vs. cholecystectomy and the papers reviewed are of evidence grade C. It is not possible to make definitive recommendations regarding treatment by PC or cholecystectomy in elderly or critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis. Low mortality rates after cholecystectomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis have been reported in recent years and therefore we believe it is time to launch an RCT to address this issue.     

Endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage——is it ready for prime time?

Management of acute cholecystitis includes initial stabilization and antibiotics. However, the most definitive treatment is cholecystectomy. A small percentage of patients who are not suitable for surgery due to the severity of cholecystitis or comorbidities will require a temporary measure as a bridge to surgery or permanent nonoperative management to decrease the mortality and morbidity. Most of these patients who require conservative management were managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy or trans-papillary drainage of gallbladder drainage with cystic duct stenting through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography(ERCP). Although, these conservative measures are effective, they can cause significant discomfort to the patients especially if used as a long-term measure. In view of this, there is a need for further minimally invasive procedures, which is safe, effective and comfortable to patients. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) guided gallbladder drainage is a novel method of gallbladder drainage first described in 2007~([1]). Over the last decade, EUS guided gallbladder drainage has evolved as an effective alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy and trans-papillary gallbladder drainage. Our goal is to review available literature regarding the scope of EUS guided gallbladder drainage as a viable alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy or cystic duct stenting through ERCP among patients who are not suitable for cholecystectomy.