环氧化酶-2抑制剂对人腹膜间皮细胞转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的:研究环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂对人腹膜间皮细胞(HPMC)转化生长因子-1(TGF-1)表达的影响。 方法:采用胰蛋白酶消化法从人腹膜组织中分离间皮细胞,建立稳定的体外培养模型。用COX-2抑制剂干预高糖(4.25%D-葡萄糖)和细菌脂多糖(LPS)刺激下的HPMC。采用逆转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)半定量分析HPMC中TGF-1 mRNA的表达。采用双抗夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验检测HPMC培养液中TGF-1蛋白质水平。 结果:HPMC在高糖和LPS的刺激下可明显上调TGF-1的表达(P<0.01),COX-2抑制剂干预组(20nmol/L,40nmol/L, 60nmol/L)明显下调TGF-1的表达(P<0.05)。 结论:COX-2抑制剂能够明显抑制在高糖和LPS的刺激下的HPMC TGF-1的基因表达,为临床用COX-2抑制剂防治腹膜透析患者的腹膜纤维化提供实验和理论依据。     

法舒地尔对腹膜透析大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化的影响

目的:观察Rho激酶(Rho-kinase)抑制剂法舒地尔对腹膜透析大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化的影响.方法:通过每日腹腔注射4.25％腹膜透析液建立腹膜透析大鼠模型.大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组;腹膜透析模型组;法舒地尔5 mg组;法舒地尔10 mg组.4周后杀检大鼠,取脏层腹膜组织,分别用RT-PCR、Western杂交或免疫荧光方法检测转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表达,同时用Western杂交检测Rho-kinase活性. 结果:法舒地尔呈剂量依赖模式显著抑制Rho-kinase活性.与正常组比较,腹膜透析模型组TGF-β1蛋白及mRNA表达显著上调,转分化指标α-SMA蛋白及mRNA表达明显上调(P＜0.01),E-cadherin蛋白及mRNA显著下调(P＜0.01),腹膜超滤量显著降低.法舒地尔干预后,TGF-β1蛋白及mRNA表达呈剂量依赖模式下调,α-SMA蛋白及mRNA表达呈剂量依赖模式下调,E-cadherin蛋白及mRNA表达呈剂量依赖模式上调,腹膜超滤量显著改善. 结论:Rho-kinase激活在腹膜透析大鼠腹膜间皮细胞转分化中起重要作用.法舒地尔可通过抑制TGF-β1信号通路,阻止腹膜间皮细胞转分化,从而改善腹膜透析大鼠模型腹膜结构和功能.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对血管紧张素Ⅱ致成纤维细胞增殖及纤维连接蛋白表达的作用研究

目的:探讨不同浓度N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对血管紧张素Ⅱ致成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖及纤维连接蛋白(FN)表达的影响。方法:分离培养1~3日龄SD大鼠乳鼠的CFs,分组加入不同浓度的血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)及NAC进行干预。1组加入普通培养基(含10%FBS的DMEM培养液);2组在普通培养基中加入终浓度为2.5×10-7μmol/L的AngⅡ;3组在普通培养基中加入终浓度为5.0×10-7μmol/L的AngⅡ;4组在普通培养基中加入终浓度为5.0×10-7μmol/L的AngⅡ和5.0μmol/L的NAC;5组在普通培养基中加入终浓度为5.0×10-7μmol/L的AngⅡ和10.0μmol/L的NAC。采用免疫荧光法检测各组FN的蛋白表达水平;CCK8法检测各组CFs的增殖活性,RT-PCR检测各组FN的mRNA表达水平。结果:与1组相比,2组CFs增殖活性、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P均0.01)。与1组及2组相比,3组CFs增殖活性、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P均0.01)。在培养基中加入NAC进行干预,4组和5组与3组相比,CFs增殖活性、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P均0.01);5组较4组CFs增殖活性、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P均0.01)。结论 :NAC在抑制CFs增殖及减轻FN在心肌间质沉积的过程中发挥重要作用。     

腹膜透析患者微炎症状态对营养状况的影响

目的探讨腹膜透析患者体内炎症因子水平对营养状况的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附ELISA法检测60例腹膜透析患者和25例健康人的血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平,按照hs-CRP≤3 mg/L和hs-CRP〉3mg/L将60例腹透患者分为两组,比较两组间营养指标的变化及其与炎症指标的关系。结果腹膜透析组患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于健康对照组（P〈0.01）;hs-CRP升高者血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白和主观营养评估低于hs-CRP正常者（P〈0.01）。结论腹膜透析患者存在的微炎症状态加重了营养不良的发生。     

黄芪多糖对LPS损伤小肠上皮细胞的保护作用

目的:探讨黄芪多糖(APS)在内毒素-脂多糖(LPS)损伤小肠上皮细胞(IEC-6)中的作用机制及对细胞因子和核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达的影响.方法:以小肠上皮细胞株IEC-6为研究对象, 将培养的细胞分为6组: 对照组、LPS组、LPS APS 50 mg/L组、LPS APS 100 mg/L组、LPS APS 200 mg/L组和LPS APS 500 mg/L组. 采用RT-PCR法检测细胞因子TNF-α和IL-8 mRNA的表达, 采用凝胶电泳迁移率法分析NF-κB蛋白活性.结果: LPS损伤IEC-6细胞后, TNF-α, IL-8 mRNA水平和NF-κB蛋白定量表达均升高, 均显著高于对照组(TNF-a: 1.26±0.06 vs 0.65±0.05, IL-8 mRNA: 1.19±0.05 vs 0.57±0.06, NF-kB: 2.76±0.07 vs 0.07±0.03, P均<0.01). 而黄芪多糖呈浓度和时间依赖性地抑制LPS诱导IEC-6细胞分泌的TNF-α, IL-8等细胞因子的mRNA的表达水平(P<0.01), 并能降低NF-κB的表达活性(P<0.01).结论:APS具有抑制LPS刺激IEC-6细胞产生的TNF-α, IL-8炎性因子的作用, 并能降低NF-κB的表达活性, 其对LPS所致的肠道损伤具有保护作用.     

透明质酸对游离脂肪酸引起的人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞表达IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨透明质酸(HA)对游离脂肪酸(FFA)引起的人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(HA-VSMC)表达白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。方法 培养HA-VSMC,用不同浓度(0、100、200、400μmol/L)FFA和不同浓度FFA+高分子量HA(HMW-HA)或低分子量HA(LMW-HA)处理细胞24、48 h。噻唑蓝法检测FFA和FFA+HA对HA-VSMC存活率的影响;Ed U染色检测细胞增殖活性;酶联免疫吸附法检测培养上清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α含量;实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测IL-6、IL-8和TNF-αmRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果(1)FFA在400μmol/L内呈浓度依赖性诱导HA-VSMC增殖;(2)HMW-HA、LMW-HA均对FFA诱导的HA-VSMC增殖有抑制作用,且HMW-HA抑制作用强于LMW-HA;(3)FFA显著促进HA-VSMC IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的分泌,且有明显的时间和浓度依耐性;HA可以抑制上述作用;(4)实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot结果显示,FFA+HMWHA组、FFA+LMW-HA组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-αmRNA及蛋白表达水平均低于FFA组(均P0.01),其中FFA+HMW-HA组又低于FFA+LMW-HA组(P0.01)。结论 (1)FFA诱导HA-VSMC IL-6、IL-8、TNF-αmRNA和蛋白表达升高;(2)HA对FFA引起的HA-VSMC IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的表达有抑制作用,且HMW-HA抑制效果强于LMW-HA。     

芍药苷对脂多糖诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子分泌和ABCA1表达的影响

目的观察芍药苷(PF)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达的影响。方法用含PF(10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5、10-4mol/L)培养基预处理细胞0.5 h,再用含LPS(1mg/L)培养基共同培养细胞24 h。ELISA检测细胞培养液上清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,Western blot检测细胞中ABCA1蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,LPS组细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的水平显著性升高(P0.05),ABCA1蛋白表达显著性下调(P0.05)。与LPS组比较,LPS+PF(10~(-6)、10~(-5)和10~(-4)mol/L)组上清液中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的水平显著性降低(均P0.05),ABCA1蛋白表达显著性上调(P0.05),呈现浓度依赖性。结论芍药苷抑制LPS诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子分泌和ABCA1表达下调。     

脂多糖对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞Toll样受体4和髓样分化蛋白-2基因表达及炎性因子分泌的影响

目的 探讨脂多糖刺激大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞株NR8383细胞Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化蛋白-2(MD-2)mRNA表达和炎性因子分泌的影响,以及MD-2小干扰RNA(MD-2 siRNA)对脂多糖刺激下NR8383细胞炎性因子分泌的作用.方法 体外培养NR8383细胞,以不同浓度脂多糖(0.01～10 mg/L)刺激2 h,以1 mg/L脂多糖刺激2～24 h.运用脂质体Lipofectamine 2000将MD-2siRNA转染至细胞.半定量RT-PCR方法检测细胞TLR4和MD-2 mRNA的表达,酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养上清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-1β的含量.统计学处理采用单因素方差分析、独立样本t检验和Pearson相关分析.结果 对照组NR8383细胞TLR4和MD-2mRNA的相对表达量分别为0.52±0.05和0.44±0.09,0.01 mg/L浓度脂多糖刺激前后表达量无明显改变,0.1 mg/L浓度时表达增加,随脂多糖浓度的升高表达量进一步增加,10 mg/L刺激后相对表达量分别为0.72±0.06和0.65±0.10(F=17.26、6.04,P<0.01);TNF-αIL-6和IL-1β含量具有类似改变趋势,对照组分别为(25.8±3.4)ng/L、(62.4±4.7)ng/L和(31.6±1.7)ng/L;在10 mg/L脂多糖刺激下分别增加至(58.9±5.3)ng/L、(96.5±3.9)ng/L和(55.4±5.4)ng/L(F=29.55、54.47、31.45,P<0.01).在1 mr/L脂多糖刺激下,TLR4和MD-2 mRNA的表达量在2 h后明显增加,6 h达高峰,8 h开始回落,至24 h时仍高于基础值(F=5.28、4.11,P<0.01);TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β含量具有类似变化(F=10.64、11.23、17.58,P<0.01),其中TNF-α和IL-1β含量在6 h达高峰,持续至8 h,IL-6含量在8 h达高峰,持续至12 h.TLR4和MD-2 mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.513,P<0.01).MD-2 siRNA对NR8383细胞MD-2基因的干扰效率为67%,在脂多糖刺激下干扰组细胞培养上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平未见明显升高.结论 高浓度脂多糖可较长时间上调大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞株NR8383细胞TLR4和MD-2基因的表达,并促进TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌.MD-2 siRNA可抑制脂多糖刺激下NR8383细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1 β和IL-6.     

脂多糖诱导肺微血管内皮细胞炎性损伤机制的探讨

目的 探讨脂多糖诱导的肺微血管内皮细胞( PMVECs)炎性反应及可能的机制.方法 分离培养SD大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞,将其分为对照组和LPS (0.01、0.1、1、10 mg/L)干预组.酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞间黏附分子-1( ICAM-1),放射免疫法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8 (IL-8)的水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测TLR-4 mRNA的表达;蛋白质免疫印迹法检测核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)抑制蛋白IκB-α和NF-κB p65蛋白水平以及免疫细胞化学染色(NF-κB p65)观察NF-κB的活性变化.结果 与对照组比较,LPS组分泌的细胞因子显著增加并呈剂量依赖性;以10 mg/L的LPS刺激PMVECs,3种细胞因子于2、6和12 h均升高;ICAM-1、TNF-α于2h达分泌高峰,IL-8于12 h达分泌高峰;2 h TLR-4 mRNA表达明显增高达峰值,并持续12 h(分别为4.34±1.42、3.62+1.45和3.32±1.36),均高于对照组(1.00±0.00),差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);LPS刺激0.5、2、6和12 h后,NF-κB的活性显著增加,表现为抑制蛋白IκB-α迅速降解,p65蛋白同步释出并转入细胞核内.结论 LPS刺激PMVECs释放细胞因子,其效应并呈剂量依赖性,可能是通过激活TLR-4-NF-κB信号通路诱导了PMVECs的炎性损伤.     

新多聚糖碳酸氢盐腹膜透析液对人腹膜间皮细胞凋亡及纤维化相关因子的影响

目的:比较新研制的多聚糖碳酸氢盐腹膜透析液(PDF)与常用乳酸盐PDF对人腹膜间皮细胞(HPMC)凋亡及间质纤维化相关因子的影响。方法:体外培养HPMC细胞,使用新型PDF与不同葡萄糖浓度的传统乳酸盐PDF(1.5%、2.5%、4.25%)处理细胞,通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞凋亡因子Bax、胱天蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)及Bcl-2、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)的mRNA表达量,ELISA法测定细胞分泌TGF-β1量,免疫印迹法检测细胞凋亡蛋白Bax、Caspase-3、抑制凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和FN的表达量。结果:不同PDF刺激HPMC细胞一定时间后,1.5%、2.5%、4.25%传统PDF中葡萄糖浓度越高,Bax、Caspase-3、TGF-β1和FN增高越明显,抑制凋亡因子Bcl-2下降越显著,而新型PDF影响较小。含2.5%、4.25%葡萄糖的PDF刺激后,纤维化相关因子TGF-β1、FN明显高于阴性对照组和新型PDF组(均P0.05)。结论:新型多聚糖碳酸氢盐PDF对腹膜间皮细胞凋亡信号活化低于传统乳酸盐PDF,其腹膜间皮细胞纤维化程度低,有很好的临床应用前景。     

Vaccine-induced cytokine responses in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis

Guinea pigs exposed to very small numbers of virulent tubercle bacilli by the respiratory route develop a disease which mimics many of the important features of the pathogenesis of human tuberculosis (TB), including the expression of strong protective immunity following vaccination with BCG. In order to elucidate the precise immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced resistance in this model, both mRNA and protein assays for several guinea pig cytokines and chemokines have been developed. The coordinated expression of cytokine and chemokine mRNA and protein was examined in various leukocyte populations and in inflammatory cells and fluid collected following the induction of tuberculous pleurisy in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. Real-time RT-PCR assays revealed that the mRNA levels for IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and IL-8 rose over the first few days of TB pleuritis and then declined over the 9 days of the study. Injection of anti-TGFbeta on day 8 following pleurisy induction resulted in significant changes in cytokine mRNA levels and PPD-induced proliferation in pleural effusion lymphocytes taken 24h later. BCG vaccination induced significantly higher levels of bioactive TNFalpha protein in the supernatants of alveolar, peritoneal and splenic cells from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs cultured in the presence of attenuated or virulent mycobacteria. In sharp contrast, following virulent challenge, all three cell types from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs produced significantly less TNFalpha. Thus, BCG vaccination appears to modulate the potentially harmful effects of TNFalpha in this model of pulmonary TB. Levels of mRNA for IL-12p40 were upregulated by exposure of infected and uninfected macrophages to recombinant guinea pig (rgp)TNFalpha. The intracellular survival of mycobacteria was enhanced when endogeous TNFalpha activity was neutralized with anti-rgpTNFalpha antiserum. rgp RANTES (CCL5) upregulated mRNA levels for TNFalpha, IL-1beta, MCP-1 (CCL2), and IL-8 (CXCL8) in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. These results illustrate the profound effects of prior vaccination with BCG on the cytokine and chemokine responses of distinct cell populations in the guinea pig following exposure to attenuated and virulent strains of M. tuberculosis.     

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells by inducing interleukin-8 gene and protein expression

Endometriosis, a common disease among women of reproductive age, is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. We and others showed that several cytokine levels, including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), are elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis compared with those in women without endometriosis. We also demonstrated that the addition of IL-8 to the culture medium stimulated the proliferation of cultured endometriotic stromal cells. TNFalpha is a multipotent cytokine that induces IL-8 production in various cell types. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNFalpha may also contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis by inducing the production of IL-8. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the peritoneal fluid concentrations of IL-8 and TNFalpha using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed a significant correlation between the levels of TNFalpha and IL-8 in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients. We also obtained the endometriotic stromal cells from chocolate cyst linings of the ovary. The expression of the receptors for TNFalpha (TNFR) was examined by RT-PCR. We observed the expression of both TNFR-I and TNFR-II genes in endometriotic stromal cells. The expression of IL-8 gene and protein was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. TNFalpha induced the gene and protein expression of IL-8 in endometriotic stromal cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The addition of TNFalpha promoted the proliferation of the endometriotic stromal cells, and the stimulatory effects of TNFalpha were abolished by adding anti-IL-8 antibody. We demonstrated for the first time that TNFalpha stimulated proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells through induction of IL-8 gene and protein expression. We concluded that the TNFalpha may be one of the essential factors for the pathogenesis of endometriosis.     

细胞因子诱导人胸膜细胞释放纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的研究

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Impaired cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in type 1 diabetic patients

AIMS: The objective of the present investigation was to study the production of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IFNgamma and TNFalpha in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) taken from type 1 diabetic patients with inadequate metabolic control. METHODS: Seventeen type 1 diabetic patients and a gender- and age-matched group of 17 healthy individuals were studied. PBMC cultures were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 20 microg/ml) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 microg/ml), and enzyme immunoassay (Elisa) was used to measure IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IFNgamma and TNFalpha in the cell-culture supernatants. RESULTS: IFNgamma levels in PHA-stimulated cultures were lower in the type 1 diabetics than in the non-diabetic controls (P<0.0001) while, in contrast, IL-10 levels were increased in the PHA-stimulated culture supernatants of the diabetics compared with the controls (P<0.0001). In addition, supernatant levels of the cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNFalpha released in the presence of LPS in the cell cultures from the diabetic patients were significantly lower than in the non-diabetic subjects (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P<0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The impaired production of IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha and IFNgamma, and the increased production of IL-10, in PBMC cultures from type 1 diabetics with inadequate metabolic control compared with healthy subjects may be an indication of a deficiency in mononuclear cell activation and, consequently, a deficient immune cellular adaptive response that, in turn, may be the cause of the increased incidence of infections in people with type 1 diabetes.     

Taurine chloramine inhibition of cell proliferation and cytokine production by rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether taurine (Tau) or its physiologic chlorinated derivative, taurine chloramine (Tau-CI), affects proliferation of, and proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and IL-8) production by, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: FLS, isolated from the synovial tissue of 19 RA patients and cultured in vitro for 3-6 passages, were stimulated with the recombinant human cytokines IL-1beta (1 ng/ml), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha; 10 ng/ml), or IL-17 (10 ng/ml) in the presence of either Tau or Tau-Cl, which were added at concentrations of 50-500 microM. Tau and Tau-Cl were added simultaneously with, 2 hours before, or 24 hours after the stimuli. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were determined in culture supernatants using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Proliferation of FLS was estimated on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cells, which were cultured for 72 hours in the presence of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (1 ng/ml) and Tau or Tau-Cl, which were added simultaneously at the beginning of the culture. RESULTS: Cultured in vitro, RA FLS spontaneously secreted low levels of IL-6 and IL-8, but when RA FLS were stimulated with IL-1beta, TNFalpha, or IL-17, significantly higher amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 were produced. Tau-Cl, but not Tau, inhibited cytokine-triggered synthesis of IL-6 (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] approximately 225 microM) and IL-8 (IC50 approximately 450 microM) when added simultaneously with the stimuli. However, IL-17-induced production of IL-8 was not affected by Tau-Cl. In the cells prestimulated with IL-1beta for 24 hours, Tau-Cl still inhibited synthesis of IL-6, but did not affect IL-8 production. Moreover, Tau-Cl inhibited spontaneous and bFGF-triggered proliferation of FLS in a dose-dependent manner. Neither Tau nor Tau-Cl affected cell viability. CONCLUSION: The results of these studies demonstrate that Tau-Cl inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines by RA FLS, as well as proliferation of these cells. Thus, Tau-Cl may act as a physiologic modulator of FLS functions related to their pathogenic role in RA.     

二丙酸倍氯米松和布地奈德对白细胞介素13激活的肺成纤维细胞的影响

目的观察吸入型糖皮质激素二丙酸倍氯米松（BDP）和布地奈德（BUD）对白细胞介素13（IL-13）激活的肺成纤维细胞的影响。方法IL-13加入培养的肺成纤维细胞，采用噻唑蓝法、免疫组织化学法、免疫印迹法、逆转录聚合酶链反应、ELISA等方法检测细胞增殖、α-肌动蛋白（α-SMA）表达及分泌白细胞介素6（IL-6）、嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子（eotaxin）的变化，观察BDP和BUD的作用。结果加入20ng／ml的IL-13后，成纤维细胞分泌IL-6明显增加[（20±2）ng／L和（140±8）ng／L]，eotaxin也明显增加[（64±25）ng／L和（334±51）ng／L]。10^-8mol／L～10^-5mol／L的BDP组和BUD组IL-6表达水平[（112±3）ng／L～（53±2）ng／L和（55±14）ng／L～（32±6）ng／L]比IL-13组明显下降，IL-6 mRNA表达比IL-13组明显减少，细胞上清液中eotaxin水平[（297±59）～（226±43）ng／L和（287±59）～（183±43）ng／L]比IL-13组明显降低。IL-13诱导成纤维细胞表达α-SMA mRNA及蛋白明显增加，并促进成纤维细胞增殖（1．5±0．2）倍。BDP组和BUD组对IL-13诱导的α-SMA mRNA及蛋白的表达无显著影响，并明显具有协同IL-13促进成纤维细胞增殖的作用。结论BDP和BUD对IL-13刺激成纤维细胞的作用具有多重调节效应。BDP和BUD抑制IL-13诱导成纤维细胞合成、释放炎症介质IL-6和eotaxin的作用，有利于改善气道上皮下纤维化，但对于IL-13促进成纤维细胞转化为肌成纤维细胞及其增殖方面起负面影响。     

Interleukin-18 expression in BAL cells of sarcoidosis patients is decreased in vivo but protein secretion is not impaired in vitro

Recently, increased expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been shown in sarcoid airway epithelium. However, IL-18 expression has not been investigated extensively in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells in sarcoidosis yet. Expression of IL-18 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) mRNA in cells of the BAL of 23 patients with sarcoidosis and nine healthy volunteers was determined using semiquantitative RT-PCR. IL-18 protein in BAL cells was investigated by immunocytochemistry (ICC). IL-18 protein levels in BAL cell culture supernatants from patients and controls with and without LPS stimulation were measured by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. BAL cells from patients were stimulated with either IL-10 or IL-13 and IL-18 protein levels were determined. IL-18 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in BAL cells of patients compared to control subjects (1.62 +/- 0.27 vs. 4.29 +/- 0.77, P < 0.05). TNFalpha mRNA expression was significantly increased in BAL cells of patients in comparison to control subjects (0.63 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.08, P < 0.05). ICC showed less positive alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis patients than in control subjects (26 vs. 53%). IL-18 protein levels did not differ significantly between both groups. Stimulation with IL-10 significantly reduced IL-18 protein concentration in sarcoidosis patients. Our results suggest that BAL cells may not be the main source of IL-18 production in sarcoidosis in vivo. Since IL-18 production of BAL cells was not impaired in culture antiinflammatory cytokines might contribute to decreased IL-18 expression in vivo.     

高糖和抗生素对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞表达PAI和TGF—βmRNA的影响

为探讨腹膜硬化的发生机制，采用腹膜间皮细胞培养、纤维蛋白平板方法和Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交技术观察了不同浓度葡萄糖和抗生素庆大霉素与头孢唑啉钠对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ）产生和转化生长因子－β（ＴＧＦ－β）ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果表明腹膜间皮细胞可表达ＰＡＩ－１ｍＲＮＡ和产生活性ＰＡＩ；培养１２小时，１１．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的高渗葡萄糖、庆大霉素和头孢唑啉钠可增强腹膜间皮细胞ＰＡＩ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达和增加活性ＰＡＩ的分泌；培养至２４小时，１１．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的高渗葡萄糖继续诱导腹膜间皮细胞产生活性ＰＡＩ增加，庆大霉素既可以继续引起ＰＡＩ－１ｍＲＮＡ表达增加，而且还可以使腹膜间皮细胞活性ＰＡＩ产生增加。同时在培养２４小时，１１．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的高渗葡萄糖和庆大霉素与头孢唑啉钠均可引起腹膜间皮细胞ＴＧＦ－βｍＲＮＡ表达增加。结果提示：１１．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的高渗葡萄糖和庆大霉素与头孢唑啉钠可以导致间皮细胞表达ＰＡＩ和ＴＧＦ－β上调，在腹膜硬化发生机制中起着重要作用。