主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 探讨珠海地区汉族人群主动脉瓣钙化（AVC）与冠心病的相关性.方法 回顾性研究心内科住院患者1140例.所有患者均同期行超声心动图和冠状动脉造影检查,分析AVC与冠心病的相关性.结果 冠心病组中检出AVC的比率明显高于非冠心病组（32.3％比13.8％,P＜0.01）.冠心病组AVC患者冠脉受累严重程度高于无AVC患者.多因素分析显示,AVC、年龄、性别、高脂血症和糖尿病为全组冠心病的独立预测因子（P＜0.05）.结论 AVC与冠心病之间存在显著的相关性,对预测冠心病有一定参考价值.     

Coronaryarterycalcificationinchronickidneydisease:Anupdate

Arterial calcification is a well-recognized complication of advanced atherosclerosis.Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is characterized by significantly more pronounced,dis-seminated and fast-progressing calcification of the vascular system,including the coronary arteries.New computed tomography-based imaging techniques al-low for the noninvasive assessment and monitoring of calcification in different vascular sites.Coronary artery calcification(CAC) develops early in the course of CKD and is tightly associated with mineral and bone disor-ders,which include but are not limited to secondary hyperparathyroidism.In this review,recent data on the pathogenesis of CAC development and progression are discussed,with a special emphasis on fibroblast growth factor 23 and its co-receptor,klotho.The prevalence,progression and prognostic significance of CAC are reviewed separately for patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis,kidney transplant recipi-ents and patients with earlier stages of CKD.In the last section,therapeutic considerations are discussed,with special attention paid to the importance of treatment that addresses mineral and bone disorders of CKD.     

Valve in valve implantation to prevent acute prosthetic valve migration in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)

This case demonstrates the importance of accurate sizing of aortic annulus prior to TAVI. There was migration of first valve after deployment and therefore to prevent further migration to the left ventricle, a new TAVI valve was deployed jailing the first valve.     

Combined aortic and mitral valve replacement in an adult with mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome)

Summary A 41-year-old man with aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, and tricuspid regurgitation due to Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome underwent aortic and mitral valve replacement with tricuspid annuloplasty. The annular diameter of the aortic and mitral valves was extremely small. The valve prostheses were 19 mm in diameter in the aortic position and 25 mm in the mitral position. Histologically, the valves showed thickening and hyalinization of the collagen fibers, and the presence of foamy cells that contained a large quantity of pure acid mucopolysaccharide. On an echocardiographic examination performed 2 years after the surgery, the peak systolic gradient of the trans-aortic valve was 18 mmHg at rest, and 26 mmHg during exercise. Careful observation of the residual pressure gradient will be needed. The patient's present New York Heart Association (NYHA) status is grade I and he has returned to work.     

螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化的临床应用

目的：研究螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化(CAC)在冠心病诊断中的应用价值。方法：27例既往确诊为冠心病或经心电图负荷试验和／或冠状动脉造影临床确诊的冠心病患(冠心病组)和35例非冠心病患(对照组)分别进行螺旋CT检查。结果：受检随着年龄的增长钙化率逐渐增高，冠心病组冠状动脉钙化率比对照组明显增高，但随年龄的增长冠心病组钙化的特异性降低(降至11．12％)。钙化血管以累及一支血管最常见，多为左前降支(LAD)，三支血管钙化主要见于60岁以上。结论：螺旋CT检测冠状动脉钙化对早期诊断冠心病和预测冠心病事件有与病理相符的临床价值。     

数字荧光透视检出冠状动脉钙化与冠状动脉造影的对比研究

目的　评价数字荧光透视检出冠状动脉钙化 (CAC)对诊断冠心病的价值。方法　 114例患者于冠状动脉造影前经数字荧光透视检查 CAC,以冠状动脉造影存在 1支以上的管径狭窄≥ 5 0 %为诊断冠心病的标准。结果　 114例患者中 ,冠心病患者 63例 ,无冠心病患者 5 1例。冠心病组 CAC阳性率明显高于造影无冠心病组 (71.4%对13 .7% ) ,P<0 .0 1;以数字荧光透视有无 CAC判断冠心病与冠状动脉造影对比 ,总符合率为 78.1% ;不同年龄、性别患者以及不同类型冠心病之间其符合率无明显差异 ,P>0 .0 5。结论　数字荧光透视检出 CAC简便易行 ,无创伤性 ,与冠状动脉造影对比符合率高 ,可广泛用于临床预测及诊断冠心病     

MDCT to guide transcatheter aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair

Percutaneous management of valvular heart disease is becoming a reality, with multicenter trials supporting minimally invasive procedures for both aortic and mitral valve disease. Historically, the treatment of choice has been aortic valve replacement with conventional surgery for patients with severe aortic stenosis, as the prognosis of untreated patients is poor, particularly if the patient is symptomatic. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is now available as a minimally invasive option to treat select high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. At present more than 30,000 procedures have been performed worldwide, mostly confined to patients at high surgical risk. The short- and medium-term outcomes have been promising.     

cystatin C与冠状动脉钙化的相关性研究

目的 探讨胱抑素C（Cys C）与冠状动脉钙化的相关性。方法 选择2014年5月至2015年2月在青岛市市立医院就诊,有胸痛、胸闷症状,有中度心血管风险,既往无冠心病病史的患者,共201例,检测Cys C等生化指标,行冠脉CT检查。按Cys C是否升高分为两组,Cys C≤0.95组121例,Cys C＞0.95组80例。比较两组临床及生化指标是否有统计学意义,并进一步分析Cys C与冠状动脉钙化及冠脉多支病变的关系。结果 与Cys C≤0.95组相比,Cys C升高组Cr（P=0.002）、BNP（P=0.003）、CRP（P=0.03）水平明显升高,钙化程度（P＜0.01）及多支病变（P＜0.005）发生率显著升高;Cys C水平与冠状动脉钙化独立相关（OR=0.319,95%CI：0.265-0.467,P＜0．01）,Cys C水平与多支病变独立相关（OR=9.863,95%CI：3.157-217.571,P＜0.01）。结论 Cys C与冠状动脉钙化及冠脉多支病变存在密切的关联。     

Patients with echocardiographic aortic valve calcium or mitral annular calcium have an increased prevalence of moderate or severe coronary artery calcium diagnosed by cardiac computed tomography

The association between aortic valve calcium (AVC) and mitral annular calcium (MAC), as diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography, was investigated in 138 patients (76 women and 62 men, mean age 64±8 years) seen in a private cardiology practice at the New York Medical College. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores were diagnosed by 64-multislice computed tomography. AVC was present in 25 of 57 patients (44%) with moderate or severe CAC (a CAC score of more than 100) and in 15 of 81 patients (19%) with no or mild CAC (a CAC score of 0 to 100), P<0.001. Moderate or severe AVC was present in nine of 57 patients (16%) with moderate or severe CAC, and in two of 81 patients (2%) with no or mild CAC, P<0.005. MAC was present in 18 of 57 patients (32%) with moderate or severe CAC, and in seven of 81 patients (9%) with no or mild CAC, P<0.001. Moderate or severe MAC was present in eight of 57 patients (14%) with moderate or severe CAC, and in two of 81 patients (2%) with no or mild CAC, P<0.001.     

成人主动脉瓣疾病冠状动脉造影分析

目的 调查成人主动脉瓣疾病合并冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的情况。方法 成人主动脉瓣疾病需行手术治疗病人211例,根据病情均在术前行冠状动脉造影,分析临床资料及造影结果。结果 211例成人主动脉瓣疾病病人有58例合并冠心病。其中,钙化退行性主动脉瓣组病人合并冠心病显著高于风湿性、先天性及感染性主动脉瓣组。结论 退行性主动脉瓣病常合并冠心病,成人主动脉瓣疾病有心绞痛症状行手术治疗术前应常规行冠状动脉脉造影检查,无心绞痛症状的病人行此检查的年龄应适当放宽。     

Aberrant right ventricular branch of right coronary artery with mitral valve prolapse

A 37-year-old man presented with a three-week history of chest pain. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a mitral valve prolapse and mild mitral insufficiency. Coronary angiography showed normal left main, circumflex, left anterior descending and right coronary arteries; however, the right ventricular branch of the right coronary artery had a separate ostium. Concomitant congenital heart abnormalities have been observed with coronary artery anomalies. Primary congenital coronary and valvular anomalies may have genetic heredity. In the present case, mitral valve prolapse was accompanied by a right ventricular coronary artery origin anomaly which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report in the literature in which both anomalies presented together.     

Coronary artery and abdominal aortic calcification are associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis The goals of this study were to determine whether coronary calcium is associated with the presence of clinical cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes and if the measurement of abdominal aortic calcium may have an independent or added benefit as a surrogate marker for clinical vascular disease.Methods A cross-sectional study of subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in seven medical centres in the USA participating in a Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study of glycaemic control. Enrolled subjects included 309 veterans over 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes, with or without stable cardiovascular disease, who had inadequate glycaemic control (HbA₁c>7.5%) on oral agents and/or insulin. The study assessed lifestyle behaviours, standard cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery and abdominal aorta calcification by electron beam computed tomography.Results Subjects with coronary artery or abdominal aorta calcification present had a strikingly higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease and all combined cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of each condition increased from 5- to 13-fold with increasing quintiles of coronary artery calcification and from 2- to 3-fold with increasing abdominal aorta calcification. These associations persisted after adjustment for lifestyle behaviours and standard cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusions/interpretation These results support the notion that vascular calcium in type 2 diabetes provides additional information beyond that of standard risk factors in identifying the presence of cardiovascular disease. Subclinical measures of atherosclerosis such as arterial calcification may help more precisely stratify these individuals and alert healthcare providers to those individuals who have particularly accelerated atherosclerosis.     

主动脉瓣钙化危险因素分析及其与冠心病关系的探讨

目的 探讨主动脉瓣钙化的相关危险因素及其与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的关系.方法 2010年4月至2011年4月在天津医科大学第二医院行冠脉造影和超声心动图检查患者188例,将其分为主动脉瓣钙化组(AVC) 101例和非主动脉瓣钙化组(NAVC) 87例,记录性别、年龄、身高、体质量和高血压、糖尿病、吸烟史等一般情况,血糖、血脂、同型半胱氨酸水平等相关化验结果,并对上述指标和主动脉钙化间的关系进行分析.结果 AVC组和NAVC组比较,年龄分别为(67.0±9.0)岁和(59.4±6.9)岁(t=6.74,P=0.000)、男性36例(35.6％)和44例(50.6％)(x2=4.26,P=0.039)、高血压72例(71.3％)和50例(57.5％)(x2=3.92,P=0.048)、胆固醇(5.4±1.0) mmol/L和(4.5±1.0)mmol/L(t=5.70,P=0.000)、三酰甘油(2.2±1.1)mmol/L和(1.6±0.8)mmol/L(t=4.04,P=0.000)、同型半胱氨酸(17.6±8.8)μmol/L和(14.9±6.6)μmol/L(t=2.86,P=0.028).单因素分析结果显示,年龄、性别、高血压、胆固醇、三酰甘油与主动脉钙化具有相关性;按是否患冠心病进行分组后,同型半胱氨酸水平差异无统计学意义(t=0.88,P=0.382).进一步Logistic逐步回归,年龄、胆固醇、三酰甘油、同型半胱氨酸水平均为主动脉瓣钙化的独立危险因素,心脏瓣膜钙化与冠脉病变程度相关(x2 =9.48,P=0.024).结论 主动脉瓣钙化的独立危险因素为年龄、胆固醇、三酰甘油、同型半胱氨酸水平;冠脉病变程度重者主动脉瓣钙化发生率高.     

Extracellular pyrophosphate is reduced in aortic interstitial valve cells acquiring a calcifying profile: Implications for aortic valve calcification

Objectives: Pyrophosphate (PPi) is a potent inhibitor of ectopic mineralization but its role during aortic valve calcification is not known. Methods: Anti-calcific effect of PPi was investigated by using an in vitro model of serum-driven calcification of collagen sponges and decellularized porcine aortic valve leaflets. Bovine interstitial valve cells (VIC), seeded either within the collagen matrices or in transwell chambers, were used to test cellular ability to inhibit serum-induced calcification. PPi metabolism was investigated in clonal VIC harboring different calcifying potential. Results: In a cell-free system, high serum levels induced a dose-dependent calcification of type I collagen matrices which was prevented by PPi and ATP supplementation. Blockade of serum-driven calcification by PPi and ATP was also observed when using decellularized porcine aortic valve leaflets. A similar anti-calcific effect was also seen for bovine VIC, either statically seeded into the collagen matrices or co-cultured by using a transwell system. However, when we performed co-culture experiments by using clonal VIC harboring different calcifying potential, we observed that the subset of cells acquiring a pro-calcific profile lost the ability to protect the collagen from serum-driven calcification. Pro-calcific differentiation of the clonal VIC was accompanied by increase in ALP along with significant reduction in NPP activity and ATP/PPi extracellular accumulation. These changes were not observed in the clonal subtype with lower propensity towards calcification. Conclusions: We showed that PPi and ATP are potent inhibitors of serum-driven calcification of collagen matrix and that their extracellular accumulation is reduced in calcifying VIC.     

心脏瓣膜替换并冠状动脉旁路移植同期施行手术40例报告

目的:探讨心脏瓣膜替换并冠状动脉旁路移植同期手术指征、方法及围术期处理。方法:2003年1月至2008年12月我院同期施行心脏瓣膜替换并冠状动脉旁路移植手术40例,其中风湿性心脏瓣膜病并冠状动脉病变35例;冠心病并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全2例,主动脉瓣退行性变3例;冠状动脉造影显示单支血管病变20例,双支12例,多支8例,施行二尖瓣替换29例,主动脉瓣替换7例,二尖瓣替换+主动脉替换4例,同期施行三尖瓣成形10例,左心房血栓清除6例,室壁瘤切除3例。结果:全组病例无早期死亡,术后发生低心排出量综合征6例,呼吸衰竭3例,脑栓塞3例,肾功能衰竭1例。术后随访30例,随访时间1~60个月,除1例术后5年死于肝癌外,其余心功明显改善。结论:心脏瓣膜替换并冠状动脉旁路移植同期手术可获得良好效果。彻底解除瓣膜病变,充分心肌再血管化,良好的心肌保护和术后处理是获得手术成功的关键。     

高龄病人冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床分析——附32例报道

目的 总结高龄病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术病人的特点.方法 对近8年来32例75岁以上冠心病病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）,其中行不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术25例,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术4例（占12%）,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术加二尖瓣置换3例（占9%）.结果 32例高龄冠状动脉旁路移植术病人无院内死亡,平均术后气管插管时间12 h,重症监护病房停留时间4 d,术后住院时间18 d,术后引流量831 ml.共有29例次术后发生各种不同的并发症.20例随访3～88个月,晚期死亡3例（占9%）,其中因心脏病死亡2例（占6%）.结论 高龄冠心病病人只要一般情况好,无严重肺、肝、肾和脑疾病,选择合适的手术方式,加强围手术期处理,可获得良好的手术效果.不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术可显著降低术后并发症的发生率及院内病死率,为高龄冠状动脉旁路移植术病人首选术式.     

Mitral valve calcium assessment: An independent predictor of balloon valvuloplasty results

ObjectivePercutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is an effective treatment for patients with mitral valve stenosis. Echocardiographic score (ES) is a useful predictor of outcomes. However, mitral valve calcification (MVC) has been shown to predict immediate results even in patients with otherwise low ES. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of MVC assessment as a predictor of immediate and long-term outcomes after PMV.MethodsPMV was performed in 168 consecutive patients. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed. Patients were classified into 2 groups: group 1: minimal MVC and group 2: moderate to severe MVC. Primary success was defined as post-PMV mitral valve area (MVA) ≥ 1.5 cm² in the absence of major complications. Restenosis (RE) was defined as a decrease in MVA >50% of initial gain or a final MVA <1.5 cm².ResultsMean age was 46.5 ± 11 years, and 86.9% (146) were women. Forty-two patients (25%) had mild MVC (group 1), and 75% of the patients had moderate to severe MVC (group 2). Procedural success was achieved in 95.2% and 76.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively, p = 0.01. MVA after PMV was 1.82 cm² (IQR 25–75 = 1.60–2.00) in group 1 and 1.67 cm² (IQR 25–75 = 1.44–1.97) in group 2, p = 0.02. After 48 months, 28.2% of patients presented RE. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of MVC as an independent predictor of poor immediate results (HR = 0.12, 95% IC 0.03–0.91) and RE (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.02–5.21).ConclusionOur study shows that the presence of MVC may predict immediate and long-term outcomes after PMV.     

冠状动脉钙化积分相关临床因素分析

目的 评价冠状动脉(冠脉)钙化积分(CACS)的相关因素.方法 入选疑诊冠心病的患者141例,3个月内完成多层螺旋CT、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)、超声心动图及血生化检查,MDRD方程计算患者入院时估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR).根据冠脉钙化程度将病例分为3组:A组(CACS=0～10),B组(CACS=11～400),C组(CACS>400).结果 3组比较年龄、高血压病史、糖尿病史、二尖瓣钙化、主动脉瓣钙化、两侧臂踝指数低值、臂到踝的PWV高值、臂及踝平均动脉压高值、波形上升支时间高值差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示:主动脉瓣钙化(P=0.000)、二尖瓣钙化(P=0.002)、波形上升支时间高值(P=0.009)和糖尿病(P=0.032)是严重冠脉钙化的独立相关因素.结论 疑诊冠心病的患者行多层螺旋CT检查前可行PWV和超声心动图检查,结合病史评估患者冠脉钙化的可能性及严重程度.