吡格列酮对2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜——中层厚度的影响

目的探讨吡格列酮对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（CIMT）的影响。方法将90例T2DM患者随机均分为治疗组、对照组，均接受常规降糖治疗。在此基础上，治疗组加服吡格列酮，疗程为6个月。治疗前后用彩超检测CIMT，比较两组CIMT变化及CIMT异常率。结果治疗组CIMT明显减轻，CIMT异常率明显降低；对照组CIMT明显升高，CIMT异常率明显增加。两组比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0．05）。结论吡格列酮可降低T2DM患者的CIMT，延缓其大血管病变发生、发展。     

吡格列酮对2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素的影响及其意义

目的 探讨吡格列酮对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素水平影响.方法 用ELISA法检测67例T2DM患者和52例非糖尿病对照组的血清脂联素水平,用随机双盲法比较47例T2DM患者用安慰剂和吡格列酮干预治疗8 w后的血清脂联素、血糖、胰岛素抵抗(IR)水平.结果 T2DM患者组与对照组比较,血清脂联素水平降低(P<0.05);应用吡格列酮治疗后,患者血清脂联素水平显著升高(P<0.05),血糖降低(P<0.05),IR明显改善,而常规组治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 吡格列酮能提高2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素水平,降低血糖水平及改善胰岛素抵抗.     

吡格列酮与二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者血尿酸及肾功能的影响

选取2017年8月-2019年1月于患者82例,随机平分为对照组采用二甲双胍治疗,观察组采用吡格列酮治疗12周水平与肾功能指标。结果与治疗前1d相比较,治疗血尿酸(SUA)、[尿微量白蛋白(M AU)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)]水平降低(P 0. 05);观察组均低于对照组,(P 0. 05)。结论吡格列酮与二甲双胍均能够降低T2DM的血尿酸,改善肾功能,但吡格列酮的效果更显著。     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者经吡格列酮治疗后核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3的变化

目的 探讨吡格列酮治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）患者血清核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)水平的改变。方法 收集上海健康医学院附属周浦医院内分泌科2021年1月到2022年10月就诊的T2DM合并NAFLD患者80例，随机分为对照组及吡格列酮治疗组，随访4周。分析两组研究对象基线及随访时血糖、血脂、肌酐、谷丙转氨酶等生化指标；运用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测外周血NLRP3水平。结果 最终吡格列酮组35例、对照组36例完成全部试验。吡格列酮组基线血清NLRP3为（5.4±1.1）μg/L，随访时为（4.8±0.8）μg/L，有明显下降；而对照组基线血清NLRP3为（5.2±1.0）μg/L，随访时为（5.2±0.8）μg/L，无明显改变，并且随访时吡格列酮组血清NLRP3水平低于对照组。除随访时吡格列酮组TC水平高于对照组外，两组间血糖、血脂、肝肾功能均无明显差异。结论 T2DM合并NAFLD患者使用吡格列酮治疗后在改善糖脂代谢的同时，也可以降低血清NLRP3水平。     

吡格列酮对2型糖尿病患者骨钙素、降钙素和骨密度的影响

目的探讨噻唑烷二酮类药物吡格列酮对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者骨钙素、降钙素和骨密度的影响。方法89例T2DM患者,随机分为T2DM对照组56例和T2DM实验组33例,在口服降糖药治疗的基础上,实验组加服吡格列酮（30mg／日）,疗程3个月;正常对照30例。以双能X线吸收测量法（DXA）测量T2DM实验组、T2DM对照组治疗前后及正常对照组骨密度（BMD）,放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定T2DM实验组、T2DM对照组治疗前后及正常对照血清骨钙素（BGP）和降钙素（CT）水平,并进行比较。结果①T2DM组血清BGP和CT水平均低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;②T2DM实验组经吡格列酮治疗后BGP和CT水平均降低,与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）;③T2DM组骨密度（BMD）低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;④T2DM实验组经吡格列酮治疗后髋部及腰椎BMD均有所下降;⑤BGP与糖尿病患者年龄及空腹血糖负相关,与髋部及腰椎BMD正相关;CT与糖尿病患者年龄负相关。结论吡格列酮可致2型糖尿病患者血清BGP和CT水平明显降低,骨密度下降,其中对女性的影响尤为显著,提示该药可致骨量丢失加速,对骨代谢有不利影响。     

2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的观察糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性，并探讨其临床意义。方法2型糖尿病患者98例（T2DM组），糖尿病合并颈动脉内膜中层增厚患者（T2DM＋IMT组）55例，正常对照组64例，分别测定空腹血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白，并统计微量白蛋白尿的阳性例数及阳性率。结果T2DM组、T2DM＋IMT组空腹血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性率高于正常对照组（P〈0．05），T2DM＋1MT组尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性率高于单纯T2DM组（P〈0．05），尿微量白蛋白水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关（r=0．22，P〈0．05）。结论T2DM患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度密切相关。     

吡格列酮对2型糖尿病患者血浆纤溶酶原激活抑制物及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响

目的观察2型糖尿病(DM)血浆纤溶酶原激活抑制物 (PAI)、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在糖尿病血管病变中的作用以及吡格列酮对其潜在的改善作用.方法 2型糖尿病患者54例,正常对照组35例,其中DM组又随机分为吡格列酮组(30例)和一般治疗组(24例),分别给予磺脲类 双胍类 吡格列酮与磺脲类 双胍类 安慰剂治疗12周,用ELISA法分别检测正常对照组以及DM组治疗前后PAI、TNF-α的改变.结果 DM组PAI、TNF-α水平均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),吡格列酮治疗12周后,甘油三脂、PAI、TNF-α均有显著性下降(P＜0.05),而HDL,胰岛素敏感指数上升.结论 2型糖尿病患者PAI、TNF-α表达明显增加,吡格列酮除明显降低血糖,调节血脂紊乱,增加胰岛素敏感性作用外,能够降低PAI、TNF-α等心血管危险因素.     

血浆同型Hcy水平与2型糖尿病大血管病变相关性研究

测定60例颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)≤1.0mm的T2DM患者及30例正常对照组的血泺Hcy水平,同时测定血糖、血脂、IMT等,Hcy15μmol/L、T2DM组:Hcy≤15μmol/L,两组给予抗务小板聚集、强化血糖、血压、血脂治疗,随访6个月后再次测定IMT。结果(1)T2DM组血浆Hcy水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);(2)DMI组与T2DM组相比较,治疗前后血糖、血脂等(P0.05),治疗前IMT差异(P0.05),6月后IMT差异(P0.05)。结论高Hcy血症是T2DM患者早期大血管病变的独立危险因素。     

2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征采用吡格列酮治疗对患者胰岛素抵抗的影响观察

收集40例T_2DM合并MS患者资料,分为对照组接受二甲双胍及格列吡嗪治疗,观察组还加用吡格列酮,12周。结果治疗后,对照组FPG、2hPG及HbA_(1c)水平下降(P0.05),但FINS及HOMA-IR水平较治疗前差异(P0.05),观察组患者则均较治疗前显著降低,且低于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论加用吡格列酮,有助于降低T_2DM合并MS血糖水平。     

2型糖尿病患者RBP4水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关系。方法 T2DM患者148例,按超声诊断仪测量的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)结果和粥样斑块将其分三组:非IMT增厚组46例I、MT增厚组53例和斑块形成组49例,并选择健康体检者50例作为对照组,分别检测身高、体重、血脂、血糖、空腹胰岛素、RBP4,并计算BMI及IR,分析其相关性。结果 T2DM患者组血清RBP4水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),非IMT增厚组I、MT增厚组和斑块形成组组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM患者各组的RBP4水平与BMI、TG、HOMA-IR呈正相关,IMT增厚组和斑块形成组的RBP4水平与IMT呈正相关;Logistic回归分析显示血清RBP4水平是IMT值的独立相关因素。结论血清RBP4水平升高是T2DM患者颈动脉内膜增厚的主要危险因素,与颈动脉粥样硬化发病关系密切。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.     

Severe hepatotoxicity with jaundice associated with paroxetine

Hepatotoxicity due to paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is very rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only five cases of liver injury in association with paroxetine have previously been reported in the medical literature. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and pathological findings in a patient with paroxetine hepatotoxicity, which was reversed after withdrawal of the drug. The present case and the others previously reported suggest that hepatotoxicity should be taken into account as a rare complication, sometimes severe, that may occur with paroxetine.