药物涂层支架对冠心病治疗的初步观察

目的　评价雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 (CYPHER ,Cordis)对冠心病治疗效果的初步观察。方法　我院在 2 0 0 2年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 10月的 16例冠心病患者置入CYPHER支架 ,病变长度 18～ 35mm ,术前病变狭窄程度 (90±9 0 ) % ;心血管直径 (2 75～ 3 5mm)。观察药物涂层支架的手术成功率、术中并发症、住院期间及 1年内随访期间的心绞痛、再次血管重建、支架内血栓形成等发生。结果　手术即刻成功率 10 0 % ,术后造影病变残余狭窄 0 % ,支架完全覆盖病变 ,支架近远端无夹层 ,血流TIMI 3级。临床随访 1年13例患者心绞痛消失 ,12例术后 6个月复查冠脉造影 ,无支架内血栓形成 ,无血管再狭窄。结论　雷帕霉素药物涂层支架用于冠心病治疗是安全的 ,临床效果明显优于冠脉普通支架置入     

雷帕霉素药物涂层支架(CYPHERTM)治疗前降支长病变的临床研究

目的　评价雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 (CYPHERTM ,Codis)治疗前降支长病变的临床效果。方法　我院在 2 0 0 2年 10月至 2 0 0 3年 4月的 6 5例冠心病患者置入CYPHERTM 支架 (Cordis)治疗 ,对 5 3例前降支病变置入CYPHERTM 支架 6 5个 ,其中 4 2例为长病变 (病变长度≥ 2 0mm) ,病变长度 2 0～ 5 0mm[(2 8 2± 8 8)mm],术前病变狭窄程度 88 9%± 8 5 % ;血管直径 (3 0± 0 9)mm。 3例慢性闭塞病变。 2例支架内再狭窄。其中 12例前降支病变 >35mm ,置入 2个支架重叠 ;30例为 1个长支架覆盖病变。观察药物涂层支架的手术成功率、术中并发症、住院期间及 1～ 6个月随访期间的心绞痛、心肌梗死、猝死、再次血管重建等发生。结果　手术即刻成功率 10 0 % ,术后造影病变残余狭窄 5 0 %±4 8% ,支架完全覆盖病变 ,支架近、远端无新夹层 ,血流TIMI 3级。 1例术后 38h因胸痛心肌梗死冠脉造影证实为支架内血栓形成。临床随访 1～ 6个月 38例患者心绞痛消失 ,4例心绞痛症状减轻。其中 8例术后 3～ 6个月复查冠状动脉造影 ,无血管再狭窄。结论　雷帕霉素药物涂层支架(CYPHERTM)治疗前降支长病变是安全有效的 ;短期临床随访结果明显优于既往报告前降支普通支架置入的临床结果。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉复杂病变的临床及冠状动脉造影随访观察

目的:评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架(CYPHER支架)治疗冠状动脉(冠脉)复杂病变的安全性及疗效。方法:143例复杂病变且有临床缺血症状的患者接受了CYPHER支架治疗,196处靶病变共置入231个CYPHER支架。观察手术成功率、并发症、随访期间心脏不良事件发生率、再狭窄率及晚期管腔丢失情况等。结果:所有支架均成功置入,无残余狭窄或残余狭窄<10%,未见任何并发症。临床随访11±4·4(5~22)个月,临床随访率94%,有7例(5·2%)症状再发,后经冠状动脉造影证实其中4例为支架内再狭窄所致,需再次血运重建,其余患者均未发生任何心脏不良事件,无一例死亡。术后6~18(9±2·3)个月共109例患者复查冠脉造影,造影随访率76·2%,支架近端边缘节段平均晚期管腔丢失(0·22±0·02)mm,支架内平均晚期管腔丢失(0·25±0·04)mm,支架远端边缘节段(0·10±0·02)mm;病变再狭窄率2·6%,病例复发率5·2%,再次血运重建率3·4%。结论:CY-PHER支架治疗冠脉复杂病变安全、有效,能明显降低6个月后的支架内再狭窄率及再次血运重建率。     

冠心病并糖尿病患者使用药物支架与普通支架初步随访结果比较

目的 :观察药物支架在冠心病并糖尿病患者介入治疗的临床疗效。方法 :并发糖尿病的冠心病患者70例常规冠状动脉造影 ,进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 ,其中 32例置入雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 ,38例置入普通支架 ,术前术后常规使用阿司匹林和噻氯吡啶 ,术后进行随访。结果 :冠状动脉造影显示 2支以上血管病变占70 .5 6 % ,一共置入雷帕霉素药物涂层支架 5 4枚 ,普通支架 6 2枚 ,所有患者均获得成功。平均随访 (10 .2± 3.5 )个月 ,其中药物支架组复发心绞痛 9例 ,5例发生心肌梗死 ;普通组复发心绞痛 2 0例 ,8例发生心肌梗死 ,所有患者均再次进行冠状动脉造影 ,药物支架内发生再狭窄 4例 ,普通支架内发生再狭窄 2 0例 ,均进行了靶病变重建术。结论 :药物涂层支架对冠心病并发糖尿病患者近期和远期疗效确切 ,能减少再狭窄的发生     

CYPHER药物洗脱支架治疗支架内再狭窄的临床疗效

目的:探讨CYPHER药物洗脱支架治疗支架内再狭窄的经验及临床疗效.方法:9例支架内再狭窄患者接受了12枚CYPHER药物洗脱支架治疗,其中右冠状动脉病变4例,前降支病变7例,左旋支病变1例.结果:12处支架内再狭窄病变均成功放置药物支架,手术成功率100%.所有患者临床症状明显改善,无并发症发生.所有患者于术后6个月复查冠状动脉造影,无一例发生再狭窄.结论:CYPHER药物洗脱支架治疗支架内再狭窄安全、有效、可行.     

国产及进口药物涂层支架在冠状动脉分叉病变治疗中的短期疗效比较

目的 评价国产及进口雷帕霉素药物涂层支架在冠状动脉分叉病变中的短期临床疗效.方法 60例冠状动脉分叉病变患者随机分为两组,每组30例,分别置人国产及进口雷帕霉素药物涂层支架(PARTNER和CYPHER).依据分叉病变主支与分支的夹角关系采取不同的双DES置入术,比较两种支架的即刻手术成功率、住院期及6个月随访期内的主要不良事件发生率及6个月后的支架内和病变节段内再狭窄率.结果 两组患者各成功置入60个支架,冠脉造影显示即刻手术成功率均为100%.PARTERN支架组与CYPHER支架组患者住院期不良事件发生率分别为0%(0/30)和3.3%(1/30),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访期不良事件发生率分别为21.4%(6/28)和17.2%(5/29),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支架内再狭窄率分别为10.7%(3/28)和6.9%(2/29).两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 国产及进口雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗冠脉分叉病同样安全有效.     

雷帕霉素涂层支架在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中临床应用

目的冠心病合并糖尿病患者是冠心病介入治疗的一个重点.药物支架的应用是目前最有希望防治再狭窄的方法.方法合并糖尿病的冠心病患者82例作为研究对象,男60例,女22例;平均年龄52.6±4.4岁.所有患者常规Judkins法冠脉造影,狭窄程度在75%以上的患者进行介入治疗,置入CYPHER药物支架长度要求完全覆盖相关血管病变.所有患者术前术后常规给予阿司匹林和氯吡格雷,术后严格控制冠心病危险因素.结果冠脉造影显示2支以上血管病变的患者占70.83%,多为B型和C型病变.共置入CYPHER药物支架114个.13/114个(11.40%)药物支架为直接置入,其余101/114个(88.60%)药物支架在置入前给予球囊预扩张.81/82例(98.78%)患者获得成功,死亡1例(1.22%).79例患者平均随访时间为11.4±3.6个月.复发心绞痛的患者10/79例(12.66%),无一例发生心肌梗死.27名(34.18%)患者进行了冠脉造影复查.4/79名(5.06%)患者Cypher药物支架段出现再狭窄,3名患者进行了靶病变再次血管成形术(TLR).结论雷帕霉素涂层支架在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中的应用是安全有效的,近期和远期疗效良好,有助于减少再狭窄的发生.     

药物涂层支架预防冠脉介入术后再狭窄188例临床研究

目的观察药物涂层支架预防冠脉介入术后再狭窄效果.方法根据443例冠心病患者病变部位及复杂程度,分别置入药物涂层支架和普通支架(裸支架),并随访1～28个月 .结果除5例行涂层支架者因支架远端夹层形成而再次置入支架外, 手术即刻成功率100% ,术后冠脉造影显示病变残余率(6±4)%,支架完全覆盖病变,血流TIMI3级.仅1例行裸支架者因支架置入血管发生急性闭塞而死亡.随访期间,发生与支架置入有关的再狭窄33例 ,其中裸支架置入32例(64处),药物涂层支架置入仅1例(3处).药物涂层支架置入的再狭窄率(1.23%)明显低于裸支架置入(13.82%),P＜0.01 .结论药物涂层支架置入可显著降低冠脉介入术后再狭窄率.     

西罗莫司洗脱支架(CypherTM)治疗支架内再狭窄

目的探讨CypherTM药物洗脱支架治疗支架内再狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法11例支架内再狭窄患者共置入CypherTM药物洗脱支架15枚,所有患者随访6个月,并于术后6个月复查冠状动脉造影。结果介入手术成功率100%,未发生与介入治疗相关的并发症。术后所有患者临床症状明显改善,6个月复查冠状动脉造影,无一例发生再狭窄。结论西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)洗脱支架治疗支架内再狭窄有很强的安全性、有效性。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架临床应用分析

目的　评价雷帕霉素洗脱支架 (CypherTM)的安全及近期有效性。方法　回顾分析 112例接受CypherTM 支架置入术患者的即刻疗效和临床随访结果。结果　 112例患者共处理 173处病变 ,置入支架 2 2 7枚 ,其中 132处病变置入15 9枚CypherTM支架。 2处严重钙化病变需辅以高压球囊才充分扩张 ,1处支架近端发生内膜撕裂。其余全部成功置入 ,手术过程及住院期间无严重并发症发生 ,成功率 98 1%。10 4例患者随访 3～ 17个月 ,平均 (7 2± 4 0 )个月 ,无心源性死亡和心肌梗死发生 ,9例患者心绞痛再发 ,其中 5例为普通金属支架内的再狭窄 ,4例为其他分支的新病变。 112例患者中共 2 8例复查了冠状动脉造影 ,CypherTM支架内均无再狭窄。结论　CypherTM支架近期安全有效。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.