天津市空巢与非空巢老人心理健康状况比较

目的 研究城市空巢与非空巢老人的心理健康状况,并分析其影响因素.方法 调查对象为天津市红桥区芥园街道5个社区中≥60岁老人,非空巢组63人,夫妻同住组71人,独居组8人.采用自制量表<城市老年人心理健康调查问卷>,进行调查.结果 夫妻同住的老人多集中在60～69岁之间,独居老人多集中在70～79岁之间,非空巢的老人在各年龄段分布较均匀.多数老人的经济状况和身体状况较优.独居老人较之其他两组老人显著的希望子女能更多地看望自己.老年人的心理健康状况与年龄、性格、文化程度、经济压力、与子女关系有显著的相关.结论 三组老人的心理健康状况均处于中上等.夫妻同住老人的心理状况最好,非空巢老人次之,独居老人较差.     

农村空巢老人与非空巢老人的生活质量比较

目的比较农村空巢和非空巢老年人的生活质量。方法采用简易生活质量量表,对湖北省团风县5个乡镇22个行政村1 350例60岁及以上老人进行生活质量调查。结果农村老人空巢率为72.23%;夫妻偶居的老人生活质量高于非空巢老人;独居老年人经济状况、与家人关系及与其他人关系评分低于非空巢老人。结论空巢老人已成为我国农村普遍的现象,而且有增加的趋势。老年人的婚姻状况可能比空巢对其生活质量的影响更为重要;独居、丧偶老年人可能是农村老年人社会保障和卫生服务关注的重点。     

徐州市农村空巢老人生存质量调查

目的 了解徐州市农村空巢老人的生存质量状况.方法 采用多阶段整群抽样的方式,以SF-36量表对徐州市农村的218名空巢老人和228名非空巢老人的生存质量进行入户调查.结果 徐州市农村空巢老人生存质量各维度得分较非空巢老人低,在生存质量各维度评分上夫妻同住的空巢老人比独居空巢老人有较高的得分,老人的年龄、文化程度、经济收入、生活满意度等对空巢老人的生存质量有影响.结论 徐州市农村空巢老人生存质量较低,需要引起社会的重视.     

不同空巢方式的农村老年人怀旧功能与心理弹性的关系

目的探讨农村空巢老人怀旧功能与心理弹性之间的关系及各因素对怀旧功能的作用。方法选取湖南省536名农村空巢老人,采用怀旧功能量表、压力弹性商数量表评定怀旧功能、心理弹性。结果祖孙同住的农村老年人在自我认同、解决问题、交际沟通及教育等4个维度得分显著高于其他组;除重现痛苦与自我控制无显著相关外,怀旧功能总分及其他各分量表得分与心理弹性的总分、社会支持、自我控制、情绪管理均呈显著正相关;自我认同、重现痛苦、教育与健康评估呈正相关;进入老年人总体怀旧功能多元逐步回归模型的因素有:社会支持、情绪管理、空巢方式、经济状况。结论独居农村空巢老人社区老年人的怀旧功能较差,社会支持、情绪管理、空巢方式、经济状况均与农村空巢老人的总体怀旧功能有关。     

1998～2005年中国高龄老人的生活质量及其满意度

目的 研究1998～2005年中国高龄老人的生活质量和生活满意度.方法 依据1998～2005年<中国老年人健康长寿调查数据库>四次调查数据,分析高龄老人的生活质量和生活满意度.结果 大多数高龄老人健康自评中上、经济来源靠家人、能及时治病、与家人同住、室内活动无需帮助,生活满意度评分居中上水平;但2002年健康自评较差、享有养老金比例较低、与家人同住比例较低和独居比例较高,生活满意度评分较低.与1998年被试跟踪调查结果类似.结论 1998～2005年中国大多数高龄老人的生活质量和生活满意度居中上水平,但2002年相对较低.     

空巢老人幸福感研究进展

<正>近年来,随着经济的发展以及我国计划生育政策实施后的现状,空巢老人的心理健康问题引发了研究者的高度关注,而关于空巢老人心理状况,以及提升空巢老人幸福感的研究,已经成为整个社会所共同关注的问题。在经济、健康、社会和养老等不同因素共同作用下的空巢老人心理健康问题亟需得到切实可行的解决对策。根据2010年全国老龄委公布的数据,目前我国城市老年人空巢家庭(包括独居)的比例已达49.7%。新修订的《老年人权益保障法》自2013年7月1日起正式实     

邯郸市空巢老人主观幸福感及社会支持现况

目的探讨邯郸市空巢老人主观幸福感和社会支持情况与主观幸福感的影响因素。方法应用分层随机抽样的方法对2015年4~12月邯郸市社区年龄在60岁以上的老人600例进行调查,其中空巢老人284例,非空巢老人316例,应用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)、社会支持量表(SSRS)、健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对两组患者的辛福感、社会支持和健康情况进行比较。结果空巢老人MUNSH总分显著低于非空巢老人组;空巢老人一般健康情况、生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能显著低于非空巢老人组,SSRS总分显著高于非空巢老人(P<0.05)。有配偶的空巢老人MUNSH评分显著高于无配偶的空巢老人,不同性别构成、文化程度、经济收入、目前患有疾病、医疗费用负担方式等空巢老人MUNSH评分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,空巢老人SSRS评分与MUNSH评分呈正相关(r=0.328,P=0.025)。结论邯郸市空巢老人主观幸福感和生活质量明显低于非空巢老人,社会支持可以提高空巢老人的主观幸福感,从而改善空巢老人生活质量。     

国内空巢老人健康状况研究进展

随着老龄化社会的发展,越来越多的老年人因无子女或子女工作、学习离家等原因处于空巢状态。因此,了解国内空巢老人健康状况很有必要。本文采用文献研究法,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网等3大中文科技期刊数据库相关文献,对文献的相关内容和数据进行筛选和提取并总结对比。本文通过对国内各地区空巢老人的躯体、心理以及社会健康状况进行综述,发现空巢老人躯体、心理及社会健康状况相对非空巢老人较差,其中独居空巢老人健康状况最差,空巢老人健康状况地区间有一定差异。整体上看,我国空巢老人的躯体、心理及社会健康状况都不容乐观,受城乡、经济水平、学历等因素影响,需针对不同地区,不同条件人群制定不同的干预方案和对策。     

城市空巢老人养老需求的差异与对策

目的了解城市空巢老人的养老需求,探讨从多渠道满足其需求的途径,为积极养老建议建言提供参考。方法以分层整群和随机抽样相结合的方法,对青岛市427名空巢老人进行问卷及访谈调查。工具采用SPSS13.0对研究数据进行统计。结果空巢老人的经济保障、医疗保障、社会支持与社会参与、养老方式等需求,因其个人特征、经济状况、受教育程度、居住现状等不同而显示出一定差异:低收入空巢老人对经济和医疗保障的需求较为迫切;绝对空巢、独居的、独生子女和无子女的空巢老人在生活照料和社会支持方面有更多的需求;男性、低龄、教育程度高的空巢老人的社会参与的能量在不断蓄积;相对空巢、独居的、非独生子女的低收入空巢老人仍倾向于选择与子女同住养老,居家养老是空巢老人对未来居住安排的主流意愿。结论低收入空巢老人的养老金和医疗保障幅度需要提高;社会养老服务和社会支持应当加强;空巢老人社会参与的潜力有待挖掘;社会养老服务亟待完善。     

社区干预对空巢老年高血压患者用药依从性的影响

目的 探讨空巢老人高血压患者服药依从性及社区干预对用药依从性的影响.方法 采用问卷调查的方法,分别在社区干预前及干预后3个月,以用药依从性量表为工具,对空巢老人高血压患者服药依从性情况进行调查.结果 受试者普遍存在着用药依从性差的问题,相比较而言,非空巢老人用药依从性较好,夫妻同住的空巢老人次之,独居者最差;社区干预后用药依从性均较干预前好.结论 加强社区干预可以提高空巢老人的用药依从性.     

Addressing the psychological needs of families of food-allergic children

The increase in food allergies among US children has led to greater awareness of the psychological impact on their families. A variety of negative effects can result from both the daily strain of food-allergy management and the constant vigilance and fear that this condition engenders. Most of these effects are normal and expected responses to having a child with a demanding condition filled with uncertainties. However, a small but substantial proportion of families living with childhood food allergy experience significant psychological distress and/or maladaptive coping responses that interfere with the child’s psychological and social development and family members’ optimal functioning. Health care providers must be aware of the psychological challenges these families face, understand their role in helping families to achieve positive adaptation, and know when to encourage families to seek psychoeducational guidance.     

云南某县艾滋病及其他脆弱家庭中儿童身心健康现况调查

目的了解中国政府／联合国儿童基金会艾滋病预防关怀项目县艾滋病及其他脆弱家庭中心儿童的身心健康现况,为项目提供基线资料。方法通过随机抽样,在云南省某项目县选取250名0-17岁来自受艾滋病、吸毒和贫困影响家庭的儿童,测量身高,并对其中154名6岁以上儿童进行心理问卷调查。结果来自三种家庭的儿童的身高没有显著性差异,心理状况有显著性差异。近68％的受艾滋病影响儿童不能处理生活中的困难,对生活中的事也不能决定怎么办;58％的受艾滋病影响的儿童害怕别人不和他（她）玩;67％的受艾滋病影响的儿童比较自信,但仍低于受吸毒影响的儿童（89％）。结论受艾滋病影响家庭的儿童与其他脆弱家庭儿童的心理状况不同,社区关怀项目应考虑之间的区别。     

老年急性髓系白血病化疗患者心理弹性与生活质量和情绪状态相关性研究

目的探讨老年急性髓系白血病化疗患者心理弹性与生活质量和情绪状态相关性,为治疗该病症提供参考。方法选取2017年6月—2020年6月在华西医院接受化疗的210例住院老年白血病患者作为研究对象,选用心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、癌症患者生活质量量表(FACT-G)、正负性情绪量表(PANAS)、一般资料调查表对其进行调查,利用多元逐步回归分析老年白血病患者心理弹性水平的影响因素。结果本研究共回收208分有效问卷。经Pearson相关分析得出,心理弹性量表总分与FACT-G量表中社会/家庭、情感、功能状态维度得分及总分呈正相关(P<0.05);心理弹性量表总分与PANAS量表中正性情绪得分呈正相关,与负性情绪得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析可知,性格内向、对疾病的了解程度低、正性和负性情绪、生理状态、社会/家庭状态、情感状态及功能状态是影响老年白血病患者心理弹性水平的主要因素。结论老年白血病患者化疗后心理弹性处于中等水平,医护人员可通过改善患者的情绪状态来增强心理弹性,进而提高其生活质量。     

Factors Associated with Hopelessness and the Role of Social Networks Among Chinese Older Adults

ObjectiveThe levels of hopelessness affect older adults’ physical and mental health. However, there has been a lack of research on the hopelessness among Chinese older adults. The aims of this study were to explore factors associated with hopelessness and the moderating role of social networks among Chinese older adults.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study among older adults (n = 837) from nine communities in Xi’an and Beijing in China, and collected the participants’ levels of hopelessness, demographic information (age and gender), socioeconomic status (marital status, education, monthly income, living status, and alimony), life satisfaction, health information (self-rated health and sleep quality), and quality of social networks.ResultsOf the participants, 61.9% reported different levels of hopelessness symptoms; 71.2% reported poor sleep quality, and 21.1% reported low levels of social networks. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that marital status, monthly income, alimony, life satisfaction, and sleep quality were significantly associated with hopelessness. A PROCESS analysis demonstrated that social networks played a moderating role in the relationship between sleep quality and hopelessness.ConclusionChinese older adults who had no spouse, had lower incomes, and were dissatisfied with life were more likely to have higher levels of hopelessness. Furthermore, older adults who did not receive financial support from their children reported higher levels of hopelessness. In addition, the worse the sleep quality the higher levels of hopelessness in older adults. However, high levels of social networks could weaken the negative effect of sleep quality on hopelessness.     

中国女性老年人的主观幸福感及其影响因素

目的分析当前我国女性老年人的主观幸福感（包括生活满意度和情感体验）及其影响因素。方法依据北京大学老龄健康与家庭研究中心2002年《中国老年人健康长寿调查数据库》,对女性老年人的主观幸福感及其影响因素进行分析。结果大多数被调查的女性老年人生活满意度和情感体验的评分“一般”和“较好”,但低于男性老年人。女性老年人文盲率高导致其经济、社会和家庭地位较低,丧偶率高导致其独居率较高和来自配偶的支持较少;这些因素影响女性老年人主观幸福感的评分相对较低。结论大多数女性老年人的主观幸福感“一般”和“较好”,但较男性老年人差。这可能与一般人口学和社会支持等方面的情况较男性老年人差有关。     

Living environment and schooling of children with HIV-infected parents in southwest China

A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Longchuan County, China, to study the lives of children with HIV-infected parents. Registered HIV-infected drug users and their households were approached and information about the living environment of children < or =15 years of age was collected. Of the 266 households interviewed, there were 213 children < or =15 years old. Forty percent of the children had lost at least one parent. Most of the children resided in a household with low economic status and a high dependency ratio. One-half of the children experienced discordant family relations, family anxiety and shame. Compared to orphans, non-orphans and their families were less likely to receive social support from the community. Orphans and older children were less likely to attend school and more likely to be truant if enrolled in school. Findings in the current study suggest that many children whose parents are infected with HIV or have died from HIV are living in stressful environments with minimal support from the community. Efforts should be taken to provide support and supervision to these children.     

中原部分农村地区受AIDS影响儿童生活质量的现况

目的了解中原部分农村地区受艾滋病(AIDS)影响儿童主观生活质量的现况,为进一步开展关怀和干预提供依据。方法使用《儿少主观生活质量量表》,对中原地区3个县117名受AIDS影响儿童进行调查。结果49%的儿童对目前的生活状况不满意;22%的儿童认知成分低于一般水平;情感成分极不满意和不太满意的儿童占39%;在情感成分和一些维度水平上受AIDS影响儿童低于一般农村儿童;受AIDS影响儿童的主观生活质量在不同的地区和年龄组之间存在一些差异。结论在社区、学校、家庭对受AIDS影响儿童的支持中,以儿童为中心,了解儿童的需求,关注儿童的心理健康,重视青春期教育和职业培训,尊重儿童的意见,提高儿童参与社会事务的程度,使受AIDS影响儿童生活质量得到全面的提高。     

Income and family support among rural elderly in Zhejiang Province,China

This paper examines the net income of a sample of 100 elderly living in two villages in Zhejiang Province. A natural experimental study design was employed to examine village differences in prosperity while controlling for other linguistic and cultural/regional factors that might influence the economic status of the elderly. The paper examines the different sources of income for the sample elderly and assesses their general economic status. It found that while most of the income of the elderly derived from their own farming and sideline work, children also assisted elderly parents and provided a safety-net for them as their physical capacity waned. However, having many sons did not improve the economic status of the elderly and the majority of elderly now preferred only one son.     

Impact of day-case gastroscopy on children and their families

Background and Aim: Increasing numbers of endoscopies are being carried out in children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the provision of information about the admission and procedure and the functional and economic impact of day‐case gastroscopy on children and their families. Methods: We administered a structured questionnaire to families of children undergoing elective gastroscopy, with daily follow up by telephone over the next 3 days. Results: One‐hundred‐and‐three children were recruited. All had seen a consultant gastroenterologist (usually the proceduralist) prior to the endoscopy, who had obtained signed consent; 89% of families remembered receiving an explanation from the doctor carrying out the procedure. Nearly all (94%) described the information they received as adequate. However, only one‐third of families recalled receiving an explanatory brochure and very few had toured the Day Surgical Unit or seen the complimentary video. Thirty percent were unhappy with the time spent at the Day Surgical Unit and an apparent failure to warn of possible delays, 8% felt that they were not given adequate information prior to discharge, and 39% of children failed to attend school the day after the procedure. Although tiredness or sleepiness was common, no correlation was found between the presence of symptoms and school absence. Complaints about the admission included overcrowding, lack of privacy, excessive noise, and failure to cater for adolescents. Fifty percent of parents took leave from work, but most manipulated work rosters and holidays so that costs to them and to the workplace were minimal. Conclusion: Information provision about the procedure and admission appears to be adequate in most families of children undergoing day‐case gastroscopy, but may be improved in some areas. Failure to remember elements of the consent and explanatory process is common. Minor morbidity is also common after the procedure.     

Prevalence and related influencing factors of depression symptoms among empty-nest older adults in China

BackgroundThe phenomenon of empty-nest older adults has raised growing concerns in contemporary Chinese society. In this study, we examined the prevalence and related influencing factors of depression symptoms among empty-nest older adults in China at a national level.MethodsThe database of the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 8549, aged ≥ 60) was used. The 10-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was employed to measure depression symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depression symptoms was 34.7 % for empty-nest respondents, 32.2 % for respondents living with a spouse only and 43.4 % for those living alone. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that, compared with the non-empty-nest respondents, older adults living alone were more susceptible to depression symptoms (OR 1.194, 95 %CI 1.016–1.405) whereas older adults living with a spouse only were not exposed to an elevated probability of being depressed (OR 0.945, 95 %CI 0.847–1.055). Multivariable logistic regression also suggested that empty nesters who were female, lived in rural areas, had a lower frequency of children’s visits, had lower socioeconomic status and had worse physical health conditions were more vulnerable to depression symptoms.ConclusionsThe association between empty-nest status and later-life depression is mixed. More concerns should be raised about the mental health of empty nesters living alone. Increased attention should also be paid to empty nesters who are female, rural residents and have low contact frequency with their children, disadvantaged socioeconomic status and poor physical health conditions.