老年冠心病患者血清胆红素与血脂含量测定

目的：研究老年冠心病患者血清胆红素与血清脂质水平的意义。方法：测定97例老年冠心病患者及48例正常老年对照组的血清总胆红素（TB）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（Apo A1）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB100）、脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]水平并分析之。结果：老年冠心病患者血清TB含量显著低于同龄正常对照组（P〈0．05）；老年冠心病患者血清TG、LDL—C水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；而HDL-C水平却极显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清TC、ApoAⅠ、ApoB及Lp（a）水平两组比较无显著性差异。结论：老年人低血清胆红素可能是动脉粥样硬化和冠心病危险因素之一。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血脂不同成分水平的变化

目的了解急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清中血脂不同成分的改变，探讨其在冠心病的进展及恶化过程中的作用及临床意义。方法对367例患者的冠状动脉造影结果及临床一般资料，血脂检查结果进行分组对比分析。结果ACS组268例，对照组99例，ACS组脂蛋白a[Lp（a）]水平为（225．3±171．2）mg／L，显著高于对照组（182．8±180．1）mg／L（P〈0．05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、载脂蛋白A（ApoA1）水平分别为（1．0±0．2）mmol／L和（1142.4±189．7）mg／L，显著低于对照组（1．1±0.3）mmol／L和（1273．9±187．5）mg／L（P〈0．05），而总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）水平与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论Lp（a），HDL—C和ApoA1的水平在急性冠脉综合征患者和对照组患者中差异有统计学意义，提示我们在重视降低患者的TC、TG和LDL—C水平的同时，也应该关注HDL—C、ApoA1和Lp（a）水平对冠心病的影响。     

类风湿性关节炎患者血脂异常对早发动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的探讨类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者的血脂变化与动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系。方法对36例RA患者（RA组）和44例健康查体者（对照组）进行血脂检测,包括总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、血清脂蛋白a（LPa）,并对RA患者进行颈动脉超声检查。结果RA组TC、LDL-C水平均高于对照组（P〈0．05或〈0．01）,HDL-C水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）;合并AS的RA患者TC、TG、LDL-C、LPa水平均高于无AS者（P〈0．05或〈0．01）,并且其病程显著长于后者,血沉亦显著增快（P均〈0．01）。结论RA患者AS与脂质代谢紊乱和慢性炎症活动有密切关系。     

脑梗死病人血脂水平及通心络的干预作用

目的探讨脑梗死病人血脂水平及通心络的干预作用。方法选择脑梗死病人36例，给予通心络胶囊，每次4粒，每日3次，治疗12周，治疗前后测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）及三酰甘油（TG）含量，并与健康对照组进行对比分析。结果脑梗死组血清HDL—C含量明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），而血清TG含量明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。36例病人经通心络治疗12周后，TC、TG与治疗前比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01），HDL较治疗前略有增高，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论通心络具有降低TC、TG作用，可以逆转动脉粥样斑块。     

脂蛋白（a）与2型糖尿病微血管并发症关系探讨

对122例T2DM患者依微血管并发症分为有糖尿病肾病（DN）、有糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、有DN及DR、无DN和DR4组,并进行Lp（a）、HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL—ch、LDL—ch测定。结果T2DM有DN组Lp（a）、TC、TG、HbA1c、LDL—ch值均显著高于无DN和DR组,T2DM有DR组Lp（a）、TC、TG、HbA1c、LDL—ch值均显著高于无微血管并发症组,2型糖尿病有糖尿病肾病及视网膜病变组Lp（a）、TC、TG、HbA1c、LDL—ch值均显著高于无微血管并发症组,高浓度的Lp（a）与糖尿病微血管并发症有密切关系。结论T2DM患者血清Lp（a）升高可能是微血管病变的重要的危险因素。     

血清脂蛋白a、高密度脂蛋白水平与进展性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨血清脂蛋白a[Lp（a）]、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平与进展性脑梗死的关系。方法选择发病3d内缺血性脑卒中患者404例,其中急性完全性脑梗死350例（A组）,进展性脑梗死54例（B组）,另选65例体检健康者作为对照组,检测3组血清Lp（a）、血脂、空腹血糖、血尿酸、纤维蛋白原,分析血清Lp（a）、HDL与进展性脑梗死的相关性。结果与A组比较,B组Lp（a）升高,HDL降低（P均〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析显示,高Lp（a）、低HDL对进展性脑梗死的OR分别为4．336、3．427,95％C1分别为2．037～9．230、1．657～7．089（P均〈0．01）。结论高Lp（a）、低HDL是进展性脑梗死重要的危险因素。     

血尿酸和血脂代谢紊乱对冠状动脉病变的影响

目的研究高尿酸血症及血脂代谢紊乱对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的影响。方法收集所有行冠状动脉造影检查的患者327例,按检查结果分为正常对照组113例,单支病变组70例,双支病变组72例、多支病变组72例。检测所有患者血清中的血尿酸,脂蛋白（α）[Lp（α）],总胆固醇（TG）,甘油三酯（TC）,低密度脂蛋白（LDL）,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）,载脂蛋白（B）（apoB）的水平,进行统计学分析。结果血尿酸水平在以上各组间无统计学意义上差异,而Lp（α）,TG,TC,LDL高于正常对照组,多元相关回归分析显示:冠脉病变计分和血尿酸及TC无相关关系,LDL,HDL,apoB,TG,Lp（α）与冠心病显著相关,而TC与冠心病无独立相关。结论尿酸与冠状动脉病变无明显相关,而血脂及糖代谢紊乱与冠状动脉粥样病变显著相关。     

老年冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸与空腹血糖、脂蛋白、血尿酸之间的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）与空腹血糖（FBG）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、脂蛋白[Lp（a）]、尿酸（UA）的关系。方法测定102例住院老年冠心病患者（冠心病组）血清Hcy、FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、LP（a）、UA等指标,并与60例健康体检的老年人（对照组）比较FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、LP（a）、UA的数值。结果冠心病组患者LDL-C、FBG、LP（a）、UA、Hcy高于对照组。冠心组：LDL-C（2．49±0．65）mmol／L,FBG（5．91±1．30）mmol／L,Lp（a）（34．67±4．08）mg／dl,UA（374．11±9．87）μmol／L,Hcy（18．71±4．07）μmol／L。对照组：LDL-C（2．32±0．58）mmol／L,FBG（4．46±0．69）mmol／L,Lp（a）（24．07±3．95）mg／dl,UA（325．79±12．96）μmol／L,Hcy（11．05±2．84）μmol／L。两组间TC、LDL-C、FBG、LP（a）、UA、Hcy差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组间TG、HDL-C差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对有高UA、高HCY血症的老年患者应及早应用降低血UA、HCY的药物,降低LDL或提升HDL/LDL比值以及防治胰岛素抵抗对防治老年人冠心病具有重要的临床意义。     

血脂及内皮素水平与冠状动脉疾病严重性的临床研究

目的　为探讨血浆脂质、内皮素水平、冠状动脉疾病 (CAD)严重性之间的关系和相关性。方法　对 2 2 0例冠状动脉造影阳性病人及 10 4例正常对照者的血浆胆固醇 (TC) ,甘油三酯 (TG) ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL c) ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL c) ,载脂蛋白B (apoB) ,脂蛋白a[Lp(a) ]及血浆内皮素 (ET)水平进行了测定。结果　CAD组血浆TC、TG、LDL c、apoB、Lp(a)、ET浓度均显著高于对照组 ,HDL c浓度显著低于对照组 ;CAD三支病变者 ,apoB、Lp(a)水平显著高于CAD单支病变者 (P <0 0 5 ) ;重度病变组ET水平明显高于轻度病变组 (P <0 0 5 )。等级相关分析显示 :冠状动脉病变支数越多 ,狭窄评分越高 ,apoB、Lp(a)、ET的浓度越高。结论　血浆TC、TG、HDL c、LDL c、apoB、Lp(a)、ET与冠状动脉疾病发病有关 ;Lp(a)和ET是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素 ;apoB和Lp(a)及ET水平增高与冠状动脉粥样硬化的严重程度密切相关 ;对冠状动脉病疾发病预测和严重性判定具有重要的参考价值和临床意义     

滋肾通阳活血方调节冠心病血脂异常的临床研究

目的观察滋肾通阳活血方治疗冠心病血脂代谢异常的临床疗效。方法将90例诊断为冠心病且合并血脂代谢异常的患者随机分为3组：对照组、治疗1组和治疗2组,对照组予西医基础治疗;治疗1组予滋肾通阳活血;治疗2组为滋肾通阳活血方加西医基础治疗,3组疗程为1个月,观察3组患者治疗前后的血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）的变化。结果治疗后3组患者血清TC、TG、LDL—C水平均较治疗前降低（P〈0．05）,血清HDL—C水平较治疗前升高（P〈0．05）。治疗后3组间比较,治疗2组患者血清TC、TG、LDL—C水平下降程度及HDL—C水平升高程度均较其他两组显著（P〈0．05）,治疗1组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论滋肾通阳活血方可以调节冠心病患者的血脂代谢异常,疗效肯定,安全可靠,且中西医结合治疗,效果更好,对冠心病的防治具有重要的临床指导意义。     

Lipid profiles of Thai adult HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors

Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic complication among HIV-infected patients who receive protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). In order to assess the prevalence of lipid abnormalities and related factors, a cross-sectional analytic study of the lipid profiles of 170 Thai adult HIV-infected patients receiving PI-containing HAART who attended the HIV-clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand between January and August 2005 was conducted. Studied subjects had a median age of 40 years with a median duration of taking PIs of 22.1 months. The mean serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglyceride (TG) levels were 259.7, 43.7, 135.2, and 506.8 mg/dl, respectively, and the mean TC:HDL-c ratio = 6.4. According to the US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines, high TC, low HDL-c, high TC:HDL-c ratio, high LDL-c, and high TG were found in 52.4, 36.5, 18.8, 44.1, and 42.9%, respectively. Seventy-five subjects (44.1%) were taking lipid-lowering drugs. Only 54 subjects (31.8%) had baseline serum lipid profiles tested before beginning PI. There was statistically significant association between group of PI with serum TC and TG. Subjects taking double boosted and single boosted PI had significantly higher serum TC and TG levels than unboosted PI. Males had significantly higher serum TG levels, while females had significantly higher serum HDL-c levels. Age was significantly associated with serum TC, LDL-c levels, and TC:HDL-c ratios. Serum TC and LDL-c levels were also significantly higher in subjects taking efavirenz.     

Independent association between triglycerides and coronary artery disease in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the association between triglycerides (TG) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Taiwanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 1150 patients (542 men and 608 women) aged 62.5+/-11.6 years were studied. CAD was diagnosed by history or an abnormal electrocardiogram (coronary probable or possible by Minnesota codes). Age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, use of insulin, anti-hypertensive agents and lipid-lowering agents, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were considered as potential confounders. RESULTS: Patients with CAD were older, had higher prevalences of use of anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering agents, and had higher BMI, SBP, DBP and TG. CAD increased significantly with increasing quartiles of TG (P-trend < 0.001). Ln(TG) was significantly correlated with BMI, FPG, HbA1c, DBP, TC, HDL-c (inversely) and LDL-c. Ln(TG) was associated with CAD with an unadjusted odds ratio of 1.411 (1.145-1.740). The odds ratio after adjustment for all confounders was slightly attenuated but still statistically significant: 1.380 (1.043-1.826). None of the other lipid parameters of TC, HDL-c and LDL-c were significantly associated with CAD in logistic models when they were entered for adjustment either separately or simultaneously. Sensitivity analyses by using history alone or history and coronary probable as diagnostic criteria for CAD did not change the association between TG and CAD. CONCLUSIONS: TG is an independent risk factor for CAD in Taiwanese T2DM, independent of TC, HDL-c, LDL-c or other confounders.     

脂蛋白（a）与急性冠脉综合征的关系

目的 探讨血浆脂蛋白（a）[lipoprotein （a）,Lp（a）]与急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）的关系,为临床冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的防治提供思路.方法 选择130例住院患者,按照入选标准分为ACS组60例,对照组70例.测定两组血浆Lp（a）浓度和总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、三酰甘油（triglycerides,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）浓度,并进行统计分析,最后进行二分类非条件Logistic回归分析筛选ACS的危险因素.结果 （1）ACS组血浆Lp（a）、TC、LDL-C浓度及年龄均高于对照组;合并原发性高血压（高血压）病史、糖尿病病史的比例显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组其他指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.（2）ACS组高水平Lp（a）患者的比例显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.（3）Logistic回归分析显示Lp（a）是ACS的独立影响因素.结论 Lp（a）与ACS密切相关,可能是ACS的独立危险因素,并且与血脂无相关性.     

Lipid profile in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

This study aims to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in Tunisian patients with active RA and to investigate the clinical and biological associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 unselected patients with active RA (77 females and 15 males, aged 49.1 ± 12.5 years) and 82 healthy subjects (68 females and 14 males, aged 50.8 ± 13.3 years). We recorded the patients' characteristics and the results of a lipid profile test (total cholesterol, TC; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c; triglyceride, TG; lipoprotein (a), Lp (a); apolipoprotein A-1, apo A-1 and apolipoprotein B, apo B). In comparison to the control group, RA patients showed a higher prevalence of associated dyslipidaemia (95.7% versus 65.9% of cases, p < 0.001). Sera of patients showed higher TC (4.86 ± 1.07 versus 3.98 ± 0.73 mmol/L, p < 0.001), LDL-c (3.49 ± 0.98 versus 1.99 ± 0.62 mmol/L, p < 0.001), Lp (a) (288.04 ± 254.59 versus 187.94 ± 181.37 mmol/L, p = 0.004) and lower HDL-c (0.66 ± 0.24 versus 1.12 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p < 0.001). TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and non-HDL-c/HDL-c were also higher in RA patients; they were 8.24 ± 3.20 versus 3.76 ± 1.26 (p < 0.001), 5.91 ± 2.48 versus 1.92 ± 0.99 (p < 0.001) and 7.24 ± 3.20 versus 2.76 ± 1.26 (p < 0.001), respectively. Apo A-1 was correlated to Lp (a) (r = 0.291, p = 0.005). Corticoid dose was not associated to dyslipidaemia, but in multiple regression models, corticoid dose may be negatively related to some atherogenic markers, in particular non-HDL-c. Tunisian patients with markedly active RA experience substantially reduced serum HDL-c and increased TC, LDL-c and Lp (a) concentrations as well as increased TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratios.     

Lipids and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in Pakistani patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM: The aim of the present study was to analyze serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in Pakistani patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to find correlations between clinical characteristics and dyslipidaemias in these patients. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were analyzed for Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in 68 Pakistani patients with type 2 DM and 40 non-diabetic healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Lp(a) levels were significantly raised in diabetics as compared to the control group. No correlation of Lp(a) was seen with age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting glucose. There was a positive correlation of BMI to SBP and DBP. There was a significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and total cholesterol and LDL-c. No correlation of Lp(a) was observed with HDL-c, triglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). CONCLUSION: The present study led us to conclude that serum Lp(a) levels are significantly raised in type 2 DM and have a positive correlation with serum total and LDL-c levels.     

老年冠心病患者抑郁与血脂水平的关系

目的:探讨老年冠心病患者抑郁与血脂水平之间的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究方法,将老年冠心病患者168例按抑郁自评量表(SDS)及综合医院焦虑抑郁量表抑郁分表(HAD)评分分为冠心病伴抑郁组(抑郁组,87例)和冠心病不伴抑郁组(非抑郁组,81例)。测定所有研究对象的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和脂蛋白α(Lp(α))。结果:抑郁组TG、LDL-C水平显著高于非抑郁组(P0.01),而TC显著低于非抑郁组(P0.01)。多元逐步回归分析,TC、TG、LDL-C是抑郁的影响因素。结论:血脂的变化与抑郁情绪有关,伴有抑郁情绪的冠心病患者血脂异常更为明显。     

The prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia in Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Fasting blood samples taken from 93 pairs of outpatient systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) women and matched controls were assessed for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. The demographic data, clinical manifestations, Mexican-SLE Disease Activity Index (MEX-SLEDAI), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index and medication prescribed in the SLE patients were reviewed. A significant elevation of TG levels was observed in the SLE patients compared to controls (mean+/-SD 113.3+/-59.5 versus 77.7+/-45.7 mg/dL, P < 0.001). The HDL-c level was also significantly lower in SLE patients than controls (mean+/-SD 49.7+/-12.7 versus 65.0+/-14.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001). The percentage of samples with low HDL-c (<35 mg/dL) was higher in the SLE group (9.7%) than controls (0%; P = 0.002). The LDL-c and TC levels were comparable in both groups. The use of antimalarial drugs was negatively associated with TC (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.08-0.61) and LDL-c levels (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.09-0.80). The increased prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia in SLE patients in this report has confirmed the results of previous studies and emphasized the importance of controlling this modifiable cardiovascular risk factor by the combination of lifestyle modification and medical treatments.     

Association between early pregnancy vitamin D status and changes in serum lipid profiles throughout pregnancy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between first trimester 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) concentrations, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratios throughout pregnancy. We hypothesized that first trimester 25(OH)D inadequacy is associated with lower concentrations of HDL-c and higher LDL-c, TC, TG, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratios throughout pregnancy.MethodsA prospective cohort study with 3 visits at 5–13 (baseline), 20–26, and 30–36 gestational weeks, recruited 194 pregnant women attending a public health care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in the first trimester using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. 25(OH)D concentrations were classified as adequate (≥ 75 nmol/L) or inadequate (< 75 nmol/L). Serum TC, HDL-c, and TG concentrations were measured enzymatically. Crude and adjusted longitudinal linear mixed-effects models were employed to evaluate the association between the first trimester 25(OH)D status and changes in serum lipid concentrations throughout pregnancy. Confounders adjusted for in the multiple analysis were age, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), early pregnancy BMI, leisure time physical activity before pregnancy, energy intake, and gestational age.ResultsAt baseline, 69% of the women had inadequate concentrations of 25(OH)D. Women with 25(OH)D inadequacy had higher mean LDL-c than those with adequate concentrations (91.3 vs. 97.5 mg/dL; P = 0.064) at baseline. TC, HDL-c, LDL-c TG, TG/HDL-c ratios, and TC/HDL-c ratios, increased throughout pregnancy independently of 25(OH)D concentrations (ANOVA for repeated measures P < 0.001). The adjusted models showed direct associations between the first trimester 25(OH)D status and changes in TC (β = 9.53; 95%CI = 1.12–17.94), LDL-c (β = 9.99; 95% CI = 3.62–16.36) concentrations, and TC/HDL-c ratios (β = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.01–0.31) throughout pregnancy.ConclusionsInadequate plasma 25(OH)D concentrations during early pregnancy were associated with more pronounced changes of TC, LDL-c concentrations, and TC/HDL-c ratios throughout pregnancy. Changes in these cardiovascular markers suggest the importance of ensuring adequate vitamin D status at the beginning of pregnancy.     

Lipid profile of children with a family history of coronary heart disease or hyperlipidemia: 9-year experience of an outpatient clinic for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases

The authors evaluated the lipid profile of children with a positive family history of coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), or hyperlipidemia and compared them with controls in order to identify risk indicators for atherosclerosis. A group of 315 children (group A) aged more than 2 years old with a positive family history were evaluated for serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]). These values were compared with the levels of a control group of 214 children of comparable age (group B). The median age of children in groups A and B was 10.6 (range 2.3-16) and 9.8 (range 3-13.7) years of age, respectively. Among these children, 196 (52%), 47 (12.5%), and 72 (19.1%) had a positive family history of CHD (group A1), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (group A2), and hypercholesterolemia (group A3), respectively. We identified 8 children with genetically determined dyslipidemia: 2 children with homozygous and 6 with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Children in group A3 had significantly higher concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, and ApoB100 and lower concentrations of Apo A1 compared with controls, while no significant differences were found in concentrations of lipid variables among children of group A1, A2, and A3. Significant differences were also noted in the concentrations of TC, LDL-C, and Lp(a) between children of group A1 and controls. Screening the progeny of young patients with CHD or familial hypercholesterolemia can identify children at excessive risk for future vascular disease.