传疟媒介生态习性与环境因素关系的研究进展

传疟媒介分布与相关环境因素密切相关,但不同地区不同生态因子对媒介生态习性和传疟作用的影响存在一定差异性.该文综述了近年来这方面的研究进展.     

传疟媒介生态习性与环境因素关系的研究进展

传疟媒介分布与相关环境因素密切相关,但不同地区不同生态因子对媒介生态习性和传疟作用的影响存在一定差异性.该文综述了近年来这方面的研究进展.     

云南省的传疟媒介及其有关的生态习性

本文报告云南省不同疟区的传疟媒介 ,各种媒介的有关生态习性 ,以及各种媒介在疟疾流行病学中所起的作用     

云南省的传疟媒介及其有关的生态习性

本文报告云南省不同疟区的传疟媒介，各种媒介的有关生态习性，以及各种媒介在疟疾流行病学中所起的作用。     

多斑按蚊复合体研究进展

多斑按蚊复合体主要分布于东南亚,其中的部分成员种是马来西亚、泰国、老挝和我国云南等地传疟媒介.该文对多斑按蚊复合体的形态与分子鉴别、地理分布、生态习性与传疟作用等方面进行了综述.     

河南省嗜人按蚊分布、重要生态习性与传疟作用的调查研究

目的全面了解河南省嗜人按蚊的分布范围、分布特点、生态习性及其传疟作用。方法选择调查点，采用不同捕蚊方法捕获按蚊，以形态学或分子方法鉴定嗜人按蚊，调查其分布；通过采用现场和实验室观察，研究其生态习性及传疟作用。结果与结论嗜人按蚊分布于河南省北纬34^＋以南的11个县、区；分布区普遍种植水稻或其他水生植物；6月中、下旬及8月下旬～9月上旬有两个密度高峰；主吸人血，家栖，传疟能量高，是河南省的主要传疟媒介。     

不同温度下中华按蚊卵活力的实验研究

不同温度下中华按蚊卵活力的实验研究赵玉强甄天民山东省寄生虫病防治研究所（济宁２７２１３３）中华按蚊是主要的传疟媒介，有关其生态习性、分布、传疟作用及防制等方面均进行了大量研究，但该蚊卵的存活力保持时间与温度的关系，尚未见报告。我们于１９９４～１９９５...     

嗜人按蚊密度与疟疾发病相关性分析

嗜人按蚊密度与疟疾发病相关性分析肖宁康杨许国君冯超四川省寄生虫病防治研究所（成都６１００４１）四川省的主要传疟媒介是嗜人按蚊和中华按蚊。由于两者在生态、食性、地理分布上有较大差异，传疟作用亦不同。为了解嗜人按蚊密度与疟疾发病的关系，自１９８６～１９８...     

库态按蚊(昆虫纲:双翅目)的研究现状:从生态学研究到其传疟作用

库态按蚊是一个由五种亲缘种型组成的按蚊复合体,分别被命名为A、B、C、D和E型,其中除B型以外,其他各型均属于传疟媒介.库态按蚊广泛分布于埃塞俄比亚及其以东的亚洲地区,包括印度和中国南部等.在某些南亚国家,库态按蚊既是当地的优势按蚊种,也是主要的传疟媒介之一,对当地疟疾的流行起着非常重要的作用.通过多线染色体技术和PCR能鉴定出按蚊复合体中的所有成员.该文对库态按蚊的生态学、传疟作用及其相关问题的研究文献进行综合的评述,主要包括:(1)最近所涉及的库态按蚊传疟媒介领域的研究,(2)库态按蚊的地理分布、生态学和库态按蚊幼虫及成虫的生态特征研究,以及每个种型的媒介能量等,(3)有关库态按蚊的媒介控制方面的研究进展,(4)对今后库态按蚊研究的展望.     

我国大劣按蚊的分类地位与传疟作用研究现状

大劣按蚊ＡｎｏｐｈｅｌｅｓｄｉｒｕｓＰｅｙｔｏｎｅｔＨａｒｉｓｏｎ，１９７９是我国海南岛、云南及东南亚毗邻国家的重要传疟媒介，以往对其分类、生态习性及传疟作用进行过许多研究。本文试图通过现状综合分析，展望研究发展趋势，为我国大劣按蚊媒介区的疟疾防治提供有意义的参考。     

The impact of ecological conditions on the prevalence of malaria among orangutans

Contemporary human land use patterns have led to changes in orangutan ecology, such as the loss of habitat. One management response to orangutan habitat loss is to relocate orangutans into regions of intact, protected habitat. Young orangutans are also kept as pets and have at times been a valuable commodity in the illegal pet trade. In response to this situation, government authorities have taken law enforcement action by removing these animals from private hands and attempted to rehabilitate and release these orangutans. In relocating free-ranging orangutans, the animals are typically held isolated or with family members for <48 h and released, but during the course of rehabilitation, orangutans often spend some time in captive and semicaptive group settings. Captive/semicaptive groups have a higher density of orangutans than wild populations, and differ in other ways that may influence susceptibility to infectious disease. In order to determine the impact of these ecological settings on malaria, the prevalence of malaria was compared between 31 captive and semicaptive orangutans in a rehabilitation program at the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and 43 wild orangutans being moved in a translocation project. The prevalence of malaria parasites, as determined by blood smear and Plasmodium genus-specific nested-polymerase chain reaction, was greater in the captive/semicaptive population (29 of 31) than in the wild population (5 of 43) even when accounting for age bias. This discrepancy is discussed in the context of population changes associated with the management of orangutans in captive/semicaptive setting, in particular a 50-fold increase in orangutan population density. The results provide an example of how an ecological change can influence pathogen prevalence.     

Beyond temperature and precipitation: Ecological risk factors that modify malaria transmission

Being able to identify the ecological factors that impact risk for malaria would confer important predictive capacity to target malaria control interventions in a community. Temperature and water available for breeding habitats have been shown to be important primary ecological factors that impact the distribution of the malaria vectors and the rate at which the mosquito and parasite develop. However, to this point, studies focusing on the local level have been met with many inconsistent results when assessing malaria risk using both temperature and precipitation. This paper reviewed existing literature to determine if other ecological factors beyond temperature and water are present that may be modifying any associations present between ecological factors and malaria risk. It was found that the ability for water to pool and persist, water quality, elevation, deforestation, and agriculture have all been associated with malaria and may be modifying risk. Using the primary and modifying ecological variables, identifying the interactions between these factors and specific thresholds for increased malaria risk is critical: filling this knowledge gap would enable communities to develop tailored malaria control interventions targeted to their specific circumstances.     

Spatial variation of malaria incidence in young children from a geographically homogeneous area with high endemicity

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children. Detailed knowledge of spatial variation of malaria epidemiology and associated risk factors is important for planning and evaluating malaria-control measures. METHODS: The spatial variation of malaria incidences and socioeconomic factors were assessed over 21 months, from January 2003 to September 2005, in 535 children from 9 villages of a small rural area with high Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Ghana. Household positions were mapped by use of a global positioning system, and the spatial effects on malaria rates were assessed by means of ecological analyses and bivariate Poisson regression controlling for possible confounding factors. RESULTS: Malaria incidence was surprisingly heterogeneous between villages, and ecological analyses showed strong correlations with village area (R(2) = 0.74; P = .003) and population size (R(2) = 0.68; P = .006). Malaria risk was affected by a number of socioeconomic factors. Poisson regression showed an independent linear rate reduction with increasing distance between children's households and the fringe of the forest. CONCLUSIONS: The exact location of households in villages is an independent and important factor for the variation of malaria incidence in children from high-transmission areas. This fact should be considered in the planning of intervention trials and in spatial targeting of malaria interventions at a local level.     

安徽省赴非洲务工人员疟疾感染危险因素分析

目的 探讨安徽省非洲务工回国人员的疟疾感染危险因素。方法 2018 年1 月-2019 年12 月,采用病例对照研究方法,对安徽省赴非洲务工回国人员疟疾感染危险因素进行问卷调查。以归国后是否发病为结局变量,运用单因素和多因素Logistic 回归进行分析。结果 共完成调查396 人,其中病例组132 人,对照组264 人。病例组男性129 人、女性3 人,对照组男性257 人、女性7 人,两组性别比例差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);病例组平均年龄(43. 74±9. 16)岁,对照组平均年龄(45. 05±7. 92)岁,差异无统计学意义(t = 1. 472,P>0. 05)。单因素分析发现年龄、文化程度、职业、国外居住地类型、所住房子类型、周边生态环境、防蚊措施、户外活动时间、出国后疟疾知识培训是疟疾感染的影响因素。多因素Logistic 回归分析表明,与对照组相比,修路/ 工程类职业、居住在野外、住在工棚/草木屋内疟疾感染风险更高,OR 值(95%CI)分别为6. 493(2. 932,14. 380)、6. 250(2. 749,14. 297)、2. 191(1. 204,3. 987);户外活动时间每增加1 个等级,感染风险提高1. 579 倍,而使用蚊帐可降低82. 9%的感染风险;出国后接受疟疾知识宣教也可提高劳务人员的自我防护意识,从而降低感染风险。结论 改善赴非劳务人员居住条件,强化驻地防蚊措施,定期开展疟防知识宣教,减少户外活动时间可有效降低其境外疟疾感染风险,将防控关口有效前移,减少我省输入性疟疾病例数。     

Disentangling the Effect of Local and Global Spatial Variation on a Mosquito-Borne Infection in a Neotropical Heterogeneous Environment

Mosquito-borne pathogen transmission exhibits spatial-temporal variability caused by ecological interactions acting at different scales. We used local spatial statistics and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to determine the spatial pattern of malaria incidence and persistence in northeastern Venezuela. Seven to 11 hot spots of malaria transmission were detected by using local spatial statistics, although disease persistence was explained only for four of those hot spots. The GWR models greatly improved predictions of malaria risk compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Malaria incidence was largely explained by the proximity to and number of Anopheles aquasalis habitats nearby (1–3 km), and low-elevation terrains. Disease persistence was associated with greater human population density, lower elevations, and proximity to aquatic habitats. However, there was significant local spatial variation in the relationship between malaria and environmental variables. Spatial modeling improves the understanding of the causal factors operating at several scales in the transmission of malaria.     

Determinant factors for malaria transmission on the coast of Oaxaca State, the main residual transmission focus in Mexico

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and ecological factors in malaria transmission in the most important residual transmission focus in Mexico, located in the state of Oaxaca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The extension of the focus was determined by a spatial and time analysis of the distribution of malaria cases in the state between 1998 and 1999 using a Geographical Information System. A malaria transmission intensity index (MTII) was constructed based on the total number of cases during the study period and the duration and frequency of transmission outbreaks within the villages. The relationship between local determinants and malaria transmission intensity was investigated using multinomial and ordered logistic models. RESULTS: The distribution of villages according to their MTII was: 325 high, 341 medium, 142 low and 717 with no transmission. Localities of high MTII were associated with areas having a tropical climate with summer rains and low water evaporation. Most high MTII villages were located in elevations between 200 and 500 m above sea level, in the area around Pochutla City. The amount of temporary streams in the neighborhood of localities had a highly significant positive association with the MTII. Distance to roads was only significant in the high malaria MTII stratum. CONCLUSIONS: The main factors determining malaria transmission in the focus are related to good conditions for the breeding of mosquito vectors.The existence of short-range population movements around Pochutla, the main economically active city in the area, indicates the necessity to implement a system of epidemiological surveillance to halt the dispersion of new outbreaks.