非穿透性小梁手术超声生物显微镜检查

目的：应用超声生物显微镜（ＵＢＭ）检查技术,探讨非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入手术区域解剖特点和房水引汉机制。方法：对１４例１６只眼行非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入的患者,在术后１～３个月内进行手术区域ＵＢＭ检查。检查的指标（项目）包括：巩膜瓣下形成液间腔的大小（宽和高）、透明质酸钠生物胶吸收的情况、剩余角膜小梁膜的厚度以及滤过泡的形态,并对结果进行分析。结果：１６只眼术前平均     

超声生物显微镜在非穿透小梁手术后随访的意义

目的观察非穿透性小梁手术联合MMC及羊膜植入治疗开角型青光眼的远期临床效果,研究超声生物显微镜(UBM)在非穿透小梁切除术后随访的意义。方法对21例(30眼)开角型青光眼进行非穿透小梁手术联合MMC及羊膜植入术治疗,术后观察视力、眼压及滤过泡情况。分别在术后1,3,6,9,12,18月,利用UBM观察滤过泡的形态、巩膜瓣下形成液间腔的大小、剩余小梁膜的厚度及羊膜的变化。结果患者术后眼压控制良好,手术前后眼压相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。UBM下所有病例均形成前部的透明液间腔。随访期间巩膜池前部体积无明显变化,平均宽(1.936±0.516)mm,高(0.285±0.117)mm;薄层小梁网组织平均厚度为(0.128±0.057)mm,且随访期间厚度基本无改变。羊膜在术后9月左右融解后后部巩膜池无明显透明液间腔存在。结论非穿透性小梁手术联合MMC及羊膜植入能有效地降低眼压,远期效果良好。UBM适合于非穿透性小梁切除术的长期随访。     

非穿透性小梁手术的研究进展

非穿透性小梁手术是一类新型的抗青光眼手术,适用于开角型青光眼。本文主要介绍了非穿透性小梁手术的主要术式,手术方法和手术效果,大量的临床资料表明非穿透性小梁手术效果稳定,并发症较少,有望成为一种治疗开角型青光眼的理想手术。     

非穿透性小梁切除术的研究进展

原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）是一种常见的致盲性眼病，传统的小梁切除术是临床上治疗POAG的经典手术。但存在较多的并发症。随着手术技巧的改进及显微手术器械的发展，非穿透性小梁切除术（non-penetrating trabecular surgery．NPTS）由于保留了薄层的小梁组织而未直接进入前房，术后并发症减少，已经为越来越多的眼科医生所肯定。本文对目前NPTS的相关研究进展做一综述。希望能对医生们进一步了解NPTS有所帮助。     

超声生物显微镜检查对非穿透性小梁切除术中羊膜应用价值的探讨

目的观察非穿透性小梁切除手术（NPTS）联合MMC及羊膜植入治疗开角型青光眼的远期临床效果,并利用超声生物显微镜（UBM）检查探讨NPTS中应用羊膜的价值。方法对21例（30只眼）28-51岁开角型青光眼患者进行非穿透性小梁手术联合MMC及羊膜植入治疗。术后随访6-18月,观察患者视力、眼压及滤过泡情况,同时利用UBM观察滤过泡的形态、巩膜瓣下形成液间腔的大小、羊膜的转归情况。结果患者术后眼压控制良好,视力较术前无明显变化。患者术前平均眼压与术后平均眼压相比,差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）。随访期间有3只眼需药物治疗（10．0％）,14只眼有功能性的滤过泡。UBM下所有病例均形成前部的透明液间腔,随访期间,前部巩膜池的形态发生了改变,其边缘逐渐钝化不规则。前部巩膜池的体积都逐渐缩小,差异具有显著性。羊膜在术后9个月左右融解后后部巩膜池无明显透明液间腔存在。结论NPTS联合MMC及羊膜植入能有效降低眼压,远期效果良好。羊膜在NPTS术后中远期无明显的抑制纤维增生、保持滤过畅通的作用,NPTS手术效果可能与羊膜无关。     

非穿透性小梁手术中应用丝裂霉素C32例

目的:观察非穿透性小梁手术联合应用丝裂霉素C(mitomycin,MMC)的临床疗效及超声生物显微镜表现。方法:开角型青光眼患者32例(44眼)行非穿透性小梁手术联合应用MMC。术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡,并做超声生物显微镜检查。结果:术后随访6～18mo。术前平均眼压(34.64±8.37)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),术后(13.63±3.64)mmHg。随访期间眼压≤21mmHg者44眼,其中4眼(9%)加用1种抗青光眼药物,40眼(91%)不用抗青光眼药物。其中2眼在术后的2wk后即出现结膜下组织的瘢痕化而进行了第2次手术,手术后1眼眼压<21mmHg,另1眼经用5g/L噻吗心安后眼压<21mmHg。术后35眼无任何眼内反应;4眼有轻微房水闪光,2d内消失;5眼有少量前房积血,4～7d消失,其中1眼为术后1d打喷嚏后出现。术后44眼均形成显著弥散的滤过泡;最后1次随访时,有39眼有功能性滤过泡;5眼于术后的1～3mo时功能性滤过泡消失。在术后3mo和6mo时用UBM检查除4眼巩膜湖为一狭长缝隙外,40眼均为明显的巩膜湖,巩膜湖最大长度为1.56～3.2mm;滤过泡处的结膜下组织可见明显的低于其它部分的弱回声区,有的可见到比较明显的结膜下空腔。结论:非穿透性小梁手术联合应用MMC可有效降低眼压,术后并发症少,为一种经济有效的抗青光眼手术。     

非穿透性小梁切除术23眼临床报告

目的 观察非穿透性小梁切除术后的疗效。方法 采用非穿透性小梁切除术的黏小管切开术式治疗中、晚期原发性开角型静光眼23例（33只眼）,随访3－6个月。结果 眼压控制≤21mmHg32只眼（97％）,无严重并发症。结论 非穿透性小梁切除术对原发性开角型青光眼的近、中期降眼压效果显著,安全性高。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术的疗效

目的 研究非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术治疗开角型青光眼的手术效果及有效的降压机制。方法 将临床接治的19例(28只眼)开角型青光眼行非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术,术后观察眼压、结膜滤枕及前房反应等情况,随访6～24个月。结果 28只眼术前平均眼压(23.92±1.26)mmHg,下降幅度36.33％,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),24只眼结膜形成功能性滤过泡,4只眼功能性滤过泡消失。28只眼均无前房出血,术后前房反应轻。结论 非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸生物胶植入术能有效地降低开角型青光眼的眼压,术后并发症少,可做为此类青光眼病人手术的选择。     

非穿透性小梁手术治疗开角型青光眼的临床研究

目的 :观察非穿透性小梁手术 (Nonperforatingtrabecularsurgery ,NPTS)治疗原发性开角型青光眼 (Primaryopen angleglauco ma ,POAG)的临床疗效。方法 :对 15例 ( 2 3眼 )POAG患者施行NPTS。术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡形态、手术并发症等 ,并做前房角镜检查。术后随访 6～ 12个月 ,平均 7 8个月。结果 :NPTS术后视力 95 6%维持不变或提高 ,眼压由术前平均 3 7 62± 10 67mmHg降至术后半年平均 14 12± 6 0 0mmHg ,差异有显著性 (t =11 972 ,P <0 0 0 1)。最近一次随访眼压≤ 2 1mmHg者 2 0眼 ( 86 0 % ) ,其中 16眼形成弥散性滤过泡。术中微穿孔 5眼、虹膜嵌顿 3眼 ,术后前房少量积血 4眼 ,无其他并发症发生。前房角镜检查 ,术区小梁膜菲薄隐见透明间腔 19眼 ,4眼小梁膜菲薄区不明显。结论 :NPTS能有效降低眼压 ,手术并发症少且轻微 ,术后视力稳定 ,值得临床应用推广。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术的临床疗效观察

目的观察非穿透性小梁手术(nonperforating trabecular surgery,NPTS)联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术的临床疗效.方法对20例(28只眼)中、晚期开角型青光眼患者行NPTS联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术.术后观察眼压、眼内反应和滤过泡,并做前房角镜及超声生物显微镜检查.结果术后随访4.5～18.0个月,平均(9.2±3.4)个月.术前平均眼压(28.1±10.2) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),术后(17.5±4.1) mm Hg;差异有非常显著性(t=5.776,P<0.001).术前平均用药(2.04±0.74)种,术后(0.71±0.71)种,差异有非常显著性(t=8.103,P<0.001).随访期间眼压≤21 mm Hg者27只眼(96.4%),其中12只眼(42.8%)不用抗青光眼药物,15只眼(53.6%)加用抗青光眼药物.眼压下降≥10 mm Hg者13只眼(46.4%),其中不加药者6只眼.术后14只眼无任何眼内反应;10只眼有轻微房水闪光,2～6 d消失;4只眼有少量前房积血,3～7 d消失.术后28只眼均形成显著弥散滤过泡;随访期间,19只眼有功能性滤过泡;9只眼于术后1.5～3.0个月功能性滤过泡消失.5只眼于术中发现小梁网处有小穿孔,但无虹膜膨出,术后经前房角镜检查可见3只眼有小穿孔;另4只眼术中未见小穿孔,但前房角镜下观察有小裂隙,1～8个月时,用超声生物显微镜检查可见生物胶未降解.结论 NPTS联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入术可有效降低眼压,并减少抗青光眼药物的应用,术后并发症少,为一种具有良好应用前景的抗青光眼新手术.     

两类青光眼眼前节结构在超声生物显微镜下的表现

目的：比较超声生物显微镜（ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄ ｂｉｏｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,ＵＢＭ）检查下慢性闭角型青光眼与原发性开角型青光眼前节各项指标的差异,探讨ＵＢＭ在鉴别此两种类型青光眼的作用。方法：应用ＵＢＭ测量已确诊的慢性闭角型青光眼１３例２５例,原发性开角型青光眼１１例２２眼的眼前节各参数,进行统计学分析,结果：慢性闭角型青光眼在前房深度,房角开放距离。巩膜睫状体夹角,小梁睫状体距离,小梁虹膜夹角上     

超声生物显微镜下各类青光眼的临床特征

目的 探讨各类青光眼的临床表现与超声生物显微镜（UBN）下的特征。方法 对我院2003年1月～2005年10月112例（118眼）各类青光眼的临床表现及其UBN下的特征进行探讨分析。结果 112例（118眼）青光眼中，原发性急性闭角型青光眼38例（38眼），原发性慢性闭角型青光眼33例（33眼），继发性青光眼28例（28眼），先天性青光眼8例（14眼），恶性青光眼5例（5眼），各类青光眼都有不同的临床表现及超声生物显微镜下的特征。其中，原发性急性闭角型青光眼与原发性慢性闭角型青光眼的前房深度比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 青光眼是眼科常见病、多发病，也是我国目前主要致盲眼病之一，超声生物显微镜作为一种高频超声成像技术，为活体人眼前段解剖结构，特别是房角及房角相关的解剖结构的实时观察、测量，提供了一种新的手段，对青光眼的诊断及治疗有积极意义。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in glaucoma

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-resolution ultrasound technique that allows noninvasive in vivo imaging of structural details of the anterior ocular segment at near light microscopic resolution and provides detailed assessment of anterior segment structures, including those obscured by normal anatomic and pathologic relations. We summarize UBM applications in glaucoma. In some cases UBM elucidates the mechanism of elevated intraocular pressure by showing the relationship between the peripheral iris and the trabecular meshwork. It can be used to study the causes of secondary glaucoma, for example, the pigment dispersion syndrome, lens-induced glaucomas, ciliary block, cysts, and solid tumors of the anterior segment. It can also assess the effects of various interventions such as laser iridotomy, trabeculectomy, and non-penetrating drainage surgery. Precise quantitative evaluation of the anterior chamber angle structures can help in diagnosis and management of various pathologies related to glaucoma.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging demonstrate thinner ciliary body thickness in eyes with angle closure

AIM: To compare the ciliary body thickness between eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with the normal eyes, and to investigate the association between ciliary body thickness and ciliary processes situation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 57 patients with PAC/PACG were matched to 57 normal subjects after propensity score matching (PSM) adjusting for age and gender. All subjects underwent conventional ocular examinations and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination, among which the patients with PAC/PACG performed the examinations one month after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). Quantitative parameters were measured, which included ciliary body thickness at the position of 1 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CBT1), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD) and trabecular-ciliary process angle (TCA). RESULTS: Eyes with PAC/PACG presented significantly thinner CBT1, shorter TCPD and smaller TCA (P<0.001) than the normal eyes, both in comparison of the means of four quadrants and in comparisons of each quadrant. After removing images with peripheral anterior synechia (PAS), the same results were also found in comparisons between the two groups. Significant correlations were found between TCPD (R2=0.537, P<0.001) and TCA (R2=0.517, P<0.001) with CBT1. CONCLUSION: Eyes with PAC/PACG have thinner ciliary body thickness and more anteriorly situated ciliary processes. Thinner ciliary body thickness is associated with anterior situation of the ciliary processes.     

闭角型青光眼急性发作合并睫状体脱离的UBM图像分析

目的探讨闭角型青光眼急性发作患者合并睫状体脱离的超声生物显微镜（UBM）图像特征。方法利用UBM对高眼压状态下的急性闭角型青光眼患者作前房角、前房深度、睫状体检查,对合并睫状体脱离UBM图像的形态进行分析。结果21例（29只眼）患者合并睫状体脱离,平均眼压为（34.84±9.37）mmHg,中央前房深度为（1.67±0.18）mm,眼轴长度为（23.10±1.25）mm。UBM图像分析示睫状体脱离双眼8例、单眼13例;脱离分级,1级11只眼、2级12只眼、3级6只眼;脱离范围2象限6只眼、3象限4只眼、全周脱离19只眼。结论UBM检查显示原发性急性闭角型青光眼高眼压状态的患者可合并睫状体上腔脱离,对该类患者的临床初期治疗,需重视降眼压药物及适量的皮质激素联合应用。     

玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的UBM临床观察

目的 通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）对玻璃体切割手术前后患眼进行检测比较,探讨玻璃体切割术后早期高眼压的发病机制。方法 应用UBM观察玻璃体切割手术前后患者眼前节结构的变化,分别比较有晶状体组、人工晶状体组术前术后各测量参数的变化。结果 高眼压组术后瞳孔阻滞,睫状体全周脱离、水肿、前旋。参数测量：有晶状体组的高眼压组与正常眼压组前房深度相比差异有统计学意义（t=2.000,P=0.049）,房角开放距离500高眼压组与正常眼压组相比差异有统计学意义（t=2.069,P=0.050）。人工晶状体组的高眼压组与正常眼压组前房深度相比有统计学意义（t=2.066,P=0.050）,高眼压组与正常眼压组睫状体厚度比较差异有统计学意义（t=1.926,P=0.037）。结论 术后睫状体水肿前旋致前房变浅、房角变窄,导致眼压升高,参数测量提示有晶状体高眼压组术后较术前有前房变浅、房角开放程度减小的趋势。     

超声生物显微镜在玻璃体视网膜疾病诊断中的应用

超声生物显微镜(UBM)是一种利用超高频率(50—100MHz)超声对眼组织结构进行成像的新方法，它对于一些眼前节疾病的诊断提供了客观依据。随着研究的进一步深入，它在眼科应用范围逐步拓宽，尤其在玻璃体视网膜疾病的诊断上也有着重要的作用。就UBM在RD(RD)的诊断、硅油填充眼硅油的变化、玻璃体基底部及周边视网膜增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PvR)及玻璃体切割术(vR)术后切口的观察作一综述。     

Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Dark Room Provocative Test

Purpose : To compare the clinical application value of Ultrasound biomicrsocpic dark room provocative test with the traditional dark room test in screening primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).Methods: 22 eyes with PACG in prodromal stage and 30 eyes with deep anterior chamber and wide angle of 15 normal persons were observed in this trail. All 52 eyes were performed traditional dark room provocative test and ultrasound biomicorosopic darkroom test respectively. With different positive diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity of the two methods were compared using chi-squared analysis.Results : After staying in the dark room for 2 hours, In case group, IOP in 10 of 22 eyes rose more than 1. 07kPa(1kPa = 7.5mmHg), in 12 eyes less than 1.07kPa or had no changes; appositional angle closure were found by Goldmann gonioscopy in 8 eyes : 3 eyes in two quadrants, 5 eyes in more than two quadrants; the appositional angle closure was found by UBM in 15 eyes; 3 eyes in one quadrants, 5 eyes in two quadrants, 7 eyes     

Evaluation of laser sclerostomy fistulas using ultrasound biomicroscopy

Background. Laser sclerostomy is a relatively new technique in glaucoma surgery. Clinical examination,particularly of the intrascleral part of laser sclerostomy fistulas, is difficult. We performed ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in order to determine,if it were possible to visualize fistulas. Moreover,it was the aim to investigate whether this imaging technique could provide additional information on fistula morphology. Patients and methods. Ten eyes of eight patients with chronic open angle glaucoma who had undergone erbium-YAG laser sclerostomy ab externo were examined using a UBM-probe with a 20 MHz transducer providing spatial resolution of approximately 80 μm. Results. Radial scanning allowed visualization of the sclerostomy fistula in nine of ten eyes. The different functional state of sclerostomy fistulas correlated well to UBM findings. It was possible to image differences in the morphology of occluded and patent fistulas and to visualize the filtering pathway in functioning blebs. Conclusions. Ultrasound biomicroscopy allows imaging of laser sclerostomy fistulas. UBM and clinical findings correlated well in the majority of the patients we examined. The technique supplements clinical examination and in some cases may provide additional information. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the management of retinoblastoma

Purpose

To determine the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the management of children affected with retinoblastoma.

Methods

A review of clinical records of children with the diagnosis of retinoblastoma at the Hospital for Sick Children from January 1995 to December 2007, for whom UBM was used to determine the extent of intraocular tumor. Clinical characteristics were compared with UBM. Pathological correlation was performed for enucleated eyes.

Results

In total, 101 eyes of 75 patients were included in the final analysis. Only 11 eyes were diagnosed on UBM to have extension of the tumor anterior to the ora serrata, and were enucleated. Histopathological examination confirmed the anterior extension in all the 11 eyes. In total, 50 eyes were enucleated because of various reasons, such as poor visual prognosis (12 eyes), unilateral group D or E (23 eyes), recurrences (8 eyes), and treatment failure (7 eyes). None of those patients were found to have anterior extension of the disease on histopathological examination. UBM did not yield any false negative (0/50) or any false positives (0/11).

Conclusions

The UBM provided a sensitive and reproducible visualization of the anterior retina, ciliary region, and anterior segment allowing a better staging of the advanced disease process. Primary assessment of the true extent of retinoblastoma is critical for the selection of an optimal management approach.