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1.
PURPOSE: To investigate analytically whether higher-order wavefront errors comprising combinations of trefoil along 30 degrees (trefoil30), vertical coma, and spherical aberration could provide cues to sphero-cylindrical refractive error development. METHODS: A total of 25 test wavefronts, subdivided into five different types and five levels of higher-order root mean square errors (HO-RMS), were created for the study. One type contained spherical aberration only, producing HO-RMS levels between 0.1 and 0.5 microm. Four wavefront types contained coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration of various sign combinations also producing HO-RMS levels between 0.1 and 0.5 microm. From the 25 wavefronts, refractive power maps were created and 2025 different sphero-cylindrical combinations were added to each refractive power map. For each sphero-cylinder combination, the visual Strehl ratio based on the modulation transfer function (VSMTF) was calculated. Retinal images and refractive power histograms were calculated for the refractive power maps corresponding to the peak of the VSMTF. RESULTS: Spherical aberration affected the best focal plane thereby inducing spherical or defocus cues. The VSMTF produced by vertical coma and trefoil30, in combination with spherical aberration, could be improved with sphero-cylinders of various magnitudes and directions (i.e., with-the-rule, against-the rule, myopic astigmatism, or hyperopic astigmatism). Clinical significance of sphero-cylinders (i.e., >or=0.25 D) was reached at HO-RMS levels between 0.2 and 0.3 microm for a 5-mm pupil zone. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of compensatory blur driven eye growth, commonly occurring combinations of the three considered higher-order aberrations have the potential to produce cues to eye growth resulting in myopia and with-the-rule astigmatism.  相似文献   

2.
目的 观察年龄18~28岁青年人群眼球高阶像差的分布特点以及近视性屈光不正与高阶像差的关系.方法 对42只正视眼和112只单纯性近视眼使用 Hartmann-Shack原理设计的COAS波前像差仪进行波前像差检查,分别提取不同瞳孔直径时高阶像差的均方根(RMS)值,对比分析不同屈光状态组之间的高阶像差的差异性.结果 正视组和近视各组间在3~6mm 瞳孔直径下球差、慧差、三叶草、总高阶像差以及3rd至6th高阶像差差异有统计学意义.5mm和6mm瞳孔直径下,正视组和近视各组球差、三叶草、总高阶像差以及3rd、4th、6th高阶像差差异有统计学意义.瞳孔直径对高阶像差的影响显著,高阶像差随瞳孔变化的趋势表现出不一致性,随着瞳孔直径增大相应增加,总体以3rd和4th像差变化显著.各屈光度组的全眼高阶像差变异度较大,球差、三叶草分布离散程度分别于5mm和6mm瞳孔直径下差异有统计学意义(F=2.74,P=0.0454;F=3.93,P=0.0102).结论 正常人眼的高阶像差个体差异较大,近视的屈光度对高阶像差有一定的影响.  相似文献   

3.
PURPOSE: To study refractive results and aberrometric changes in myopic patients treated with wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in comparison with standard PRK. METHODS: Sixty eyes of 60 patients with myopic astigmatism were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 included 30 eyes (mean spherical equivalent refraction -4.39 +/- 1.31 D; range -2.50 to -6.50 D) treated with wavefront-guided PRK using the WASCA workstation and the Asclepion Meditec flying spot MEL 70 excimer laser. Group 2 had 30 eyes (mean spherical equivalent refraction -4.33 +/- 1.22 D; range -2.50 to -6.50 D) that underwent conventional PRK using the same laser, and served as the control group. Wavefront analysis of high order aberrations was performed before and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Postoperatively, wavefront error increased in both groups (5.0-mm wavefront aperture diameter). Six months after surgery, the eyes that received the WASCA ablation had a smaller increase in root-mean-square (RMS; 70% of increment) compared to the conventional PRK group (139% of increment) (P<.001). In the standard PRK group, all aberrations notably increased; in the wavefront-guided PRK group there was a smaller increase of trefoil and spherical aberrations (P<.001) and a decrease of coma aberrations (P<.001). The smaller increase of wavefront error in the wavefront-guided PRK group compared to the standard PRK group was more evident when preoperative RMS values were higher than 0.4 microm (P<.01). The visual parameters (spherical equivalent refraction, uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity) did not show significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Wavefront-guided PRK induced a smaller increase of postoperative wavefront-error compared to conventional PRK, particularly in patients with higher preoperative higher order aberrations.  相似文献   

4.

Aims:

To assess and compare the optical quality of the myopic and hyperopic implantable collamer lens (ICL) from its wavefront aberrations for different powers and pupil diameters.

Settings and Design:

Prospective study.

Material and Methods:

The wavefront aberrations of two myopic (−3 and −6 diopters (D)) and two hyperopic V4b ICLs (+3 and +6D) were measured in vitro. To assess and compare the optical quality of different powers of ICLs, we analyzed the root mean square (RMS) of total higher order aberrations (HOAs), trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, secondary astigmatism, and spherical aberration at 3- and 4.5-mm pupil. In addition, the point spread functions (PSFs) of each ICL evaluated were calculated from the wavefront aberrations at 3- and 4.5-mm pupil.

Statistical Analysis:

A Student''s t-test for unpaired data was used for comparison between myopic and hyperopic ICLs.

Results:

Myopic ICLs showed negative spherical aberration, in contrast hyperopic ICLs showed positive spherical aberration, which increases when the ICL power increases, due to the innate optical properties of the lens. All ICLs evaluated had negligible amounts of other aberrations. We did not find statistical significant differences in any Zernike coefficient RMS values analyzed between myopic and hyperopic ICLs at 3- and 4.5-mm pupil (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Myopic and hyperopic ICLs provide good and comparable optical quality for low to moderate refractive error. The ICLs evaluated showed values of wavefront aberrations clinically negligible to affect the visual quality after implantation.  相似文献   

5.
PURPOSE: To evaluate changes induced by standard laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia on total and corneal optical quality. METHODS: Total and corneal aberrations were measured before and after standard hyperopic LASIK in 13 eyes (preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error +3.17 +/- 1.10 D). The Chiron Technolas 217C laser with PlanoScan was used. Total aberrations (measured using laser ray tracing) and corneal aberrations (estimated from a videokeratoscope) were described using Zernike terms. Root-mean-square wavefront error for both total and corneal aberrations, and through-focus Strehl ratio for the point spread function of the whole eye were used to assess optical changes induced by surgery. RESULTS: Third and higher order aberrations increased significantly after hyperopic LASIK (by a factor of 2.20 for total and 1.78 for corneal aberrations, for a 6.5-mm pupil). Spherical aberration changed to negative values (corneal average decreased by -0.85 +/- 0.48 microm and total average by -0.70 +/- 0.30 microm). Best Strehl ratio for the whole eye decreased by a factor of 1.84. Hyperopic LASIK induced larger changes than myopic LASIK, compared to an equivalent group of myopic eyes from a previous study. Induced corneal spherical aberration was six times larger after hyperopic LASIK, for a similar range of correction, and of opposite sign. As with myopic LASIK, changes in internal spherical aberration are of opposite sign to those induced on the corneal anterior surface. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK induced significant amounts of aberrations. The largest increase occurred in spherical aberration, which showed a shift (toward negative values) of opposite sign; increase was greater than for myopic LASIK.  相似文献   

6.
目的:研究眼高阶像差的分布(HOAs)和mesopic瞳孔的大小在个体中筛选的屈光手术。 方法:我们采用Zywave像差分析仪(博士伦)分别对患有近视、近视散光和复性近视散光患者1240例2458眼和患有远视、远视散光和复性远视散光患者110例215眼的高阶像差和瞳孔大小进行检测。所有患者屈光不正均可矫正,无屈光手术史或潜在疾病。HOAs的均方根值、总球面像差、总斜射球面像差和中间视觉状态下瞳孔的大小进行了分析,眼高阶像差测量均在瞳孔≥6.0mm,且瞳孔大小的测量均为在中间视觉状态下进行。 结果:HOAs均方根值、总球面像差和总斜射球面像差在近视眼组与远视眼组分别为0.369±0.233μm、0.133±0.112μm、0.330±0.188μm;0.418±0.214μm、0.202±0.209μm、0.343±0201μm。与近视患者相比,远视患者的总HOAs和总球面像差更大(P均<0.01)。年龄匹配分析显示在远视眼组只有总球面像差较高(P=0.05)。近视眼组的中间视觉状态下瞳孔大小较大(P≤0.05)。 结论:实验结果表明两组的HOAs的水平有显著差异,这对于将行屈光手术的伊朗人很重要。远视眼组的总球面像差显著高于近视眼组,中间视觉状态下瞳孔大小在近视眼组较大。  相似文献   

7.
Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
PURPOSE: Because of the prominence of central vision in primates, it has generally been assumed that signals from the fovea dominate refractive development. To test this assumption, the authors determined whether an intact fovea was essential for either normal emmetropization or the vision-induced myopic errors produced by form deprivation. METHODS: In 13 rhesus monkeys at 3 weeks of age, the fovea and most of the perifovea in one eye were ablated by laser photocoagulation. Five of these animals were subsequently allowed unrestricted vision. For the other eight monkeys with foveal ablations, a diffuser lens was secured in front of the treated eyes to produce form deprivation. Refractive development was assessed along the pupillary axis by retinoscopy, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography. Control data were obtained from 21 normal monkeys and three infants reared with plano lenses in front of both eyes. RESULTS: Foveal ablations had no apparent effect on emmetropization. Refractive errors for both eyes of the treated infants allowed unrestricted vision were within the control range throughout the observation period, and there were no systematic interocular differences in refractive error or axial length. In addition, foveal ablation did not prevent form deprivation myopia; six of the eight infants that experienced monocular form deprivation developed myopic axial anisometropias outside the control range. CONCLUSIONS: Visual signals from the fovea are not essential for normal refractive development or the vision-induced alterations in ocular growth produced by form deprivation. Conversely, the peripheral retina, in isolation, can regulate emmetropizing responses and produce anomalous refractive errors in response to abnormal visual experience. These results indicate that peripheral vision should be considered when assessing the effects of visual experience on refractive development.  相似文献   

8.
目的:了解2~15岁视力低常的儿童屈光不正的分布规律。 方法:对我院2009-04/2010-04视光学门诊2~15岁的1638例3266眼(男725例1446眼,女913例1820眼)视力低常者进行散瞳验光并统计分析。 结果:在3131眼中,男生近视性屈光不正为1056眼,远视性屈光不正317眼,以近视性屈光不正为主,其中以复性近视散光多见,占35.48%。女生近视性屈光不正为1455眼,远视性屈光不正303眼,也以近视性屈光不正为主,其中以复性近视散光多见,占40.71%。散光的分布中男女童均是以复性近视散光为主,复性远视散光次之。顺规散光、逆规散光和斜轴散光的弱视发生率存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。 结论:随着学习压力的增大儿童长时间看书学习和电脑的使用大大增加了近视性屈光不正发生的概率。逆规散光是弱视发生的重要影响因素,矫正逆规散光可能有利于儿童弱视的治疗。  相似文献   

9.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of corneal wavefront-guided LASIK for the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS: This study included 56 myopic virgin eyes of 28 patients with a mean spherical equivalent refraction of -4.40 +/- 1.83 diopters (D) (range: -1.25 to -9.75 D) and astigmatism < 2.50 D. The corneal wavefront aberrations were analyzed using a corneal topography system. The preoperative corneal wavefront aberration data obtained from the above analyses combined with manifest refraction were used to generate a customized ablation profile. The safety, efficacy, and predictability of the correction, contrast sensitivity, and corneal higher order wavefront aberrations were evaluated. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, the mean residual spherical equivalent refractive error was -0.15 +/- 0.3 D (range: 0 to -1.25 D) and mean cylinder was -0.54 +/- 0.34 D (range: 0 to -1.50 D). Ninety-five percent of eyes were in the residual refractive error range of +/- 0.50 D and uncorrected visual acuity improved by 1.00 D or better in 94% of eyes. The safety index and efficacy index were 1.13 and 0.92, respectively. After treatment, corneal higher order wavefront aberrations with a 6-mm pupil diameter increased significantly (paired sample t test, P < .01), and contrast sensitivity with glare had small reductions at high spatial frequencies. Changes in spherical-like aberration (R = 0.708, P < .001) and higher order wavefront aberration (R = 0.449, P = .001), except for coma-like aberration (P = .238), were positively correlated with the amount of achieved correction. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of clinical results showed that corneal wavefront-guided LASIK for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism was safe and effective. There was an increase in all higher order aberrations postoperatively.  相似文献   

10.
目的:对近视眼患者存在的波前像差进行相关因素分析。 方法:用波前像差仪对前来我院行LASIK手术的115例218眼进行波前像差的检查,并进行常规角膜屈光手术的各项术前检查,同时用对比敏感度检查表进行对比敏感度的检查,将各项结果分别与波前像差进行相关性分析。 结果:像差成分以低阶像差为主,高阶像差有明显的个体差异,最大值是最小值的62倍;术前像差和瞳孔直径呈正相关关系,即随着瞳孔直径的增加高阶像差增加;高阶像差与中频区对比敏感度存在弱的负相关性;波前像差和患者的屈光度的高低有关系;随着散光度数的增加,波前像差增加。术前像差各成分和性别无显著相关性。 结论:近视眼患者的波前像差受患者具体条件的影响,个性化手术去除波前像差应考虑周全。  相似文献   

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