Peripheral anterior synechia overlying the haptics of posterior chamber lenses. Occurrence and natural history

Sixty consecutive eyes that met the standard criteria for cataract surgery underwent phacoemulsification with insertion of a posterior chamber lens implant. The filtration angle of each eye was examined with routine postoperative gonioscopy in a prospective manner. Peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) overlying the position of the lens haptic (lens haptic PAS) were observed in up to 80% of eyes implanted with haptics vaulted anteriorly by 10 degrees. The rate of occurrence of lens haptic PAS was reduced by a statistically significant level in a group of eyes implanted with nonvaulted haptics. Most of the lens haptic PAS were observed early in the postoperative period and remained stable in size. Progression in size was noted quantitatively in three eyes and documented with goniophotography in two eyes. A delay in the presentation of lens haptic PAS was observed in seven eyes. A postoperative increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with enlargement of lens haptic PAS developed in one patient with preoperative chronic open-angle glaucoma. These observations support others that progressive PAS overlying posterior chamber lens haptics can be a form of progressive angle-closure glaucoma in pseudophakia. This mechanism may be more likely to occur in eyes implanted with anterior vaulted haptics.     

应用超声生物显微镜观察后房型人工晶体植入术后的房角改变

目的用超声生物显微镜观察老年性白内障囊外摘除术及后房型人工晶体植入术后房角的变化及相关因素。方法用超声生物显微镜观察老年性白内障囊外摘除术及后房型人工晶体植入术后,３１例（４１只眼）的房角改变。结果虹膜周边前粘连６只眼,瞳孔变形１２只眼,均与人工晶体襻的位置有关;并非所有非囊袋内固定的人工晶体襻均位于睫状体沟;术后残留的晶体皮质,术后３个月仍存留,较多晶体皮质的残留可引起周边虹膜膨隆、房角变窄。结论后房型人工晶体植入术后房角的改变与人工晶体襻的位置及残留的晶体皮质有关;建议尽可能采用囊袋内植入人工晶体,避免过多的晶体皮质残留。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy in uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome

PURPOSE: To assess anterior segment anatomy in uveitis-glaucoma- hyphema syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Nine pseudophakic eyes (nine patients) with complete or incomplete uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy. RESULTS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed intraocular lens malposition in each case. Of the eight eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lenses, haptics were in contact with the iris pigment epithelium (four eyes) or the pars plicata (three eyes) or prolapsed into the angle recess near a filtration bleb internal ostium (one eye). All other posterior chamber intraocular lens haptics were located in the ciliary sulcus with the exception of two in the capsular bag. Both haptics in the eye with the anterior chamber intraocular lens had eroded into the ciliary body. CONCLUSION: By its ability to detect haptic position, ultrasound biomicroscopy can assist in elucidating the cause of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and in deciding on the course of treatment.     

带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并虹膜缺损的疗效观察

目的　评价带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障合并虹膜缺损的疗效 ,探讨术后并发症的发生机制。方法　收集 2 5例 (2 7只眼 )行带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术患者 ,分析手术疗效和并发症的发生情况 ,同时应用房角镜和超声生物显微镜 (UBM)观察术后发生继发性青光眼患者的房角结构和人工晶状体襻位置。术后随访时间 3～ 18个月。结果　术后患者畏光症状明显减轻或完全消失 ;术后视力较术前提高≥ 2行 2 0只眼 (74 1% ) ,变化 <1行 5只眼 (18 5 % ) ,下降 >2行 2只眼(7 4 % )。术后并发症包括继发性青光眼 10只眼 (37 0 % )、散光度数≥ 2 0 0D 17只眼 (6 3 0 % )、角膜失代偿 2只眼 (7 4 % )、前房出血 2只眼 (7 4 % )、玻璃体出血 3只眼 (11 1% )、视网膜脱离 1只眼(3 7% )。在继发性青光眼 10只眼 2 0只人工晶状体襻中 ,9只襻准确固定在睫状沟内 ,其他位置包括前房角、睫状突及睫状突后。房角改变包括房角后退、残留虹膜根部前粘连、房角关闭。结论　带虹膜隔人工晶状体植入术可有效治疗白内障合并虹膜缺损 ;术后继发性青光眼主要与房角损伤有关 ,人工晶状体襻位置异常、眼内出血、持续性炎性反应也参与其发生。     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗高度近视术后UBM观察

目的 通过UBM在活体状态下观察有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(posterior chamber phakic intraocularlens,PCPIOL)植入术后PCPIOL与虹膜、睫状体和晶状体的位置的关系及变化.方法 取高度近视患者33只眼接受有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入及术后检查,手术在表面麻醉下进行,作透明角膜隧道式切口,可植入式接触镜(implantablecontactlens,ICL)置于透明晶状体与虹膜之间,术中1点位作虹膜周切口.每只眼术前及术后进行全面的眼部检查,在术后1,3,6个月进行UBM检查观察ICL位置.结果 33只眼术前裸眼视力和最好矫正视力分别为0.04±0.06,0.5±0.3;术后分别提高为0.5±0.2,0.8±0.2,术后裸眼和矫正视力均明显好于术前视力(P＜0.05).术后第6个月前房深度为(2802±297)μm,ICL的拱度为329μm,小梁虹膜夹角29.2°.UBM显示所有ICL均与虹膜表面有摩擦,22只眼中两个襻在晶状体悬韧带上;7只眼中一只襻在悬韧带上;另一只襻在睫状突上;4只眼中两只襻在睫状突上.20只眼中PCPIOL的两个襻顶点放置在睫状沟位置;6只眼中PCPIOL发生了旋转.结论 有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术对高度近视的治疗是一种安全、有效地方法.寻找新的、准确的方法测量睫状沟水平直径对减少因为不合适的ICL长度造成的并发症具有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the position of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens and its relationship to the iris and the crystalline in vivo through UBM. Methods There were 33 eyes with high myopia who accepted surgery treatment All surgeries were performed using topical anesthesia and clear corneal incision. The posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens manufactured with STAAR collamer was implanted between transparent lens and iris. During the course of the surgery, iridectomy was done at one clock. Each eye was examined carefully before and after surgery. The position of ICL was observed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Result All eyes of preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)were 0.04± 0.06, 0.5± 0.3 respectively and postoperative were 0.5± 0.2, 0.8± 0.2 respectively. At sixth month of postoperative the anterior chamber depth was 2802± 297 m and ICL central vault was 329 m. UBM verified the contact between ICL and iris. Both haptics were supported by zonula in 22 eyes; one haptic was supported by zonula and other haptic by ciliary body in 7 eyes; Both haptics were supported by ciliary body in 4eyes. The extreme tip of two haptic was at sulcus in 20 eyes. In 6 eyes, rotation of the lens was observed. Conelusions Thephakic IOLs are a safety and effective treatment for the correction of high myopia. It is important that looking for a new and accurate method to measure sulcus diameter in order to reduce complication resulted by inaccurate ICL vault.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination of intraocular lens haptic position after phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and extracapsular cataract extraction with linear capsulotomy.

PURPOSE: Intraocular lens (IOL) haptic position in 35 eyes that had undergone cataract surgery was examined with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). METHODS: In a prospective randomized study the patients were operated by phacoemulsification using continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) (group I) or by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) using linear capsulotomy (group II). Ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to localize both haptics of the implanted intraocular lenses and to measure anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris thickness and anterior chamber angle. The inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber was assessed with laser flare photometry. Slit lamp examination was performed. RESULTS: Both IOL haptics were found in the lens capsule in all 18 eyes in group I. In group II one of the haptics was located out of the capsule in 7 of 17 eyes (41%). The difference is statistically significant (p=0.01). Postoperatively mean ACD measured with the UBM was 4.06+/-0.30 mm in group I and 3.64+/-0.24 mm in group II (p=0.00025). CONCLUSION: The UBM examinations indicate that phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis is a more reliable technique than ECCE with linear capsulotomy to achieve implantation of the intraocular lens haptics in the capsular bag.     

超声生物显微镜观察弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体对眼前段结构的影响

目的 评价弹性开放襻一体型前房型人工晶状体（anter chamber intraocular lens,AC-IOL)植入式的疗效及其安全性。方法 应用超声生物显微镜观察20例（20只眼）弹性开放襻一体型AC-IOL植入术后患者IOL襻的位置,以及其与虹膜及房角结构的关系,从而评价IOL对眼前段结构的影响。随访时间6～20个月。结果 40个IOL襻中,26个襻固定于房角隐窝;14个襻（8只眼）穿过虹膜侵入至睫状体实质内,并伴有反复发作的葡萄膜炎。术后8只眼虹膜前粘连与IOL襻有关。结论 超声生物显微镜检查是动态了解IOL对眼前段结构影响的有效方法。AC-IOL襻的设计有待进一步改进。     

High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy of silicone posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for hyperopia

PURPOSE: To study the intraocular position and anatomic relationships of the PRL-III phakic refractive lens (PRL), a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PCP IOL), in cases of hyperopia using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). SETTING: Centro Oftalmológico Real Vision, Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Eleven phakic hyperopic eyes of 6 patients who had PRL implantation were examined by UBM 1 month after surgery. The PRL position, PRL-crystalline lens peripheral distance, and central distance between the corneal endothelium and the PRL were measured. RESULTS: Eight eyes had both haptics on the zonule, 2 had 1 haptic in the sulcus and 1 on the zonule, and 1 had 1 haptic in the sulcus and the other in the ciliary body. The mean PCP IOL-crystalline lens peripheral distance in the minor axis was 239.7 microm +/- 179.4 (SD) and the mean PCP IOL-endothelium central distance, 2146.98 +/- 219.6 microm. Contact between the PCP IOL and crystalline lens was observed in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of hyperopic eyes, the PRL was located on the zonule in most cases. However, the location of the haptics in the sulcus and contact between the PCP IOL and the crystalline lens that occurred in some cases suggest further study of possible long-term complications is needed.     

Chamber angle findings following implantation of "chamber angle" supported lenses of the Dubroff and Kelman-Multiflex type

The authors examined 92 eyes after planned ICCE combined with implantation of anterior chamber lenses on average 16.5 months after surgery (range: 6 to 37 months). Two types of lenses were used, namely Kelman-Multiflex and Dubroff. The tissue reactions at the points of contact of the lens haptics in the chamber angle were classified gonioscopically. Even though it was found that reactive tissue reached the filtering trabecular meshwork in some cases (2% of haptic points of Kelman-Multiflex lenses and 15% of those of Dubroff lenses), no significant increase in intraocular pressure was observed. Comparing advantages and disadvantages as regards facility of implantation as well as the probability of hazardous tissue reactions, neither type can be said to be clearly preferable.     

Morphological changes 2 1/2 years after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. A prospective re-examination

Morphological changes and lens position were examined in 51 eyes of 51 patients 25 to 37 (mean 31) months after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens in the ciliary sulcus. Ocular morphology was compared to a previously published examination of the same eyes performed 4 months after surgery. The anterior chamber depth, lens position and the position of the posterior lens capsule had remained unchanged. 'Iris bulging', i.e. a gonioscopically visible slight impression of the iris overlying the lens haptics, had increased from 0 to 42%, iridal transillumination defects from 34 to 46%, and pigment dispersion in the chamber angle from 46 to 72%. Twenty-four percent of the eyes had developed significant, capsulotomy-requiring opacification of the posterior lens capsule. We draw the following conclusions: The posterior chamber lens and the posterior lens capsule have reached their permanent positions by the fourth post-operative month. Implantation of a posterior chamber lens in the ciliary sulcus constitutes a constant stimulus for structural changes of the iris with subsequent dispersion of pigment on neighbouring ocular structures.