骨桥蛋白与眼部新生血管性疾病研究进展

眼部新生血管是眼部疾病中致盲的主要原因之一.常见的致盲眼病,如糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、感染性角膜炎等均与新生血管存在一定的关系.骨桥蛋白（OPN）是一种能够促进血管再生与组织修复的糖蛋白,在角膜、脉络膜和视网膜新生血管中表达增多,能够促进新生血管的发生.OPN与新生血管的关系为新生血管性疾病的研究和治疗提供了新的方向.从OPN促进角膜新生血管、脉络膜新生血管、视网膜新生血管生成3个方面对OPN与眼部新生血管性疾病的关系研究进展进行综述.     

可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2及其对眼新生血管抑制作用的研究进展

新生血管形成是很多重要眼部疾病的共同病理改变,血管内皮生长因子（vascularendo-thelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）是血管生成重要的促进因子。近年来,可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2（solubleVEGFreceptor-2,sVEGFR-2）被证实为一种VEGF促血管生成信号转导通路的天然抑制剂。有研究表明,它与眼部新生血管的发生发展密切相关,可作为新生血管性眼病的抑制因子及其血清标志物而具有临床应用价值。本文就sVEGFR-2在抗眼部新生血管中作用的研究进展予以综述。     

胎盘生长因子在新生血管性眼病中的研究进展

新生血管是许多致盲性眼病的主要原因,例如糖尿病视网膜病变、早产儿视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等。血管内皮生长因子( vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)在新生血管的形成中起着重要的作用,被认为是作用最强的血管生长因子。胎盘生长因子( placental growth factor, PlGF)是VEGF家族中的一员,可促进新生血管生成,刺激内皮细胞迁移增殖,介导免疫炎症反应,且特异性表达于病理性新生血管,但在正常血管中不表达。因此近年来PlGF逐渐受到人们关注。本文对PlGF在新生血管性眼病中的作用机制进行探讨。     

Retinal and choroidal angiogenesis: pathophysiology and strategies for inhibition

Retinal angiogenesis and choroidal angiogenesis are major causes of vision loss, and the pathogenesis of this angiogenesis process is still uncertain. However, several key steps of the angiogenic cascade have been elucidated. In retinal angiogenesis, hypoxia is the initial stimulus that causes up regulation of growth factors, integrins and proteinases, which result in endothelial cell proliferation and migration that are critical steps in this process. Once the endothelial tube is formed from the existing blood vessels, maturation starts with recruitment of mural cell precursors and formation of the basement membrane. Normally, there is a tight balance between angiogenic factors and endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors that help to keep the angiogenic process under control. Although the steps of choroidal angiogenesis seem to be similar to those of retinal angiogenesis, there are some major differences between these two processes. Several anti-angiogenic approaches are being developed in animal models to prevent ocular angiogenesis by blocking the key steps of the angiogenic cascade. Based on these pre-clinical studies, several anti-angiogenic clinical trials are ongoing in patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. This review discusses the pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal angiogenesis, and alternative pharmacological approaches to inhibit angiogenesis in ocular diseases.     

关注抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗眼部新生血管疾病的潜在风险

抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物为眼部新生血管疾病的治疗开辟了新的途径，其有效性和安全性也已经为大量研究工作所证实。但在临床实践中，长期、大剂量的应用抗VEGF药物同时也会带来一些新的问题和并发症，甚至会影响正常眼组织血管生成过程和视网膜的血液供应。因此，必须重视过度抗VEGF治疗眼部新生血管疾病带来的问题和潜在风险。     

色素上皮细胞衍生因子基因治疗视网膜及脉络膜新生血管性疾病研究进展

色素上皮细胞衍生因子（pigment epithelium—derived factor，PEDF）是一种相对分子质量为50000的分泌蛋白，属于丝氨酸超家族的一员。近年来研究发现PEDF具有多种生物学功效，包括抗新生血管，神经营养及神经保护功能。PEDF是最有效的内源性眼部新生血管抑制物。PEDF对于治疗血管增生性疾病及视网膜变性性疾病具有广阔的前景，基因转移为眼内组织治疗药物的持续传递提供了有效途径。就近年来关于PEDF基因治疗视网膜及脉络膜疾病的研究进展给以综述。     

Placental growth factor and its potential role in diabetic retinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), including in retinal vascular diseases, has been well studied, and pharmacological blockade of VEGF is the gold standard of treatment for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion and diabetic macular oedema. Placental growth factor (PGF, previously known as PlGF), a homologue of VEGF, is a multifunctional peptide associated with angiogenesis‐dependent pathologies in the eye and non‐ocular conditions. Animal studies using genetic modification and pharmacological treatment have demonstrated a mechanistic role for PGF in pathological angiogenesis. Inhibition decreases neovascularization and microvascular abnormalities across different models, including oxygen‐induced retinopathy, laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization and in diabetic mice exhibiting retinopathies. High levels of PGF have been found in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Despite these strong animal data, the exact role of PGF in pathological angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases remains to be defined, and the benefits of PGF‐specific inhibition in humans with retinal neovascular diseases and macular oedema remain controversial. Comparative effectiveness research studies in patients with diabetic retinal disease have shown that treatment that inhibits both VEGF and PGF may provide superior outcomes in certain patients compared with treatment that inhibits only VEGF. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGF, including its relationship to VEGF and its role in pathological angiogenesis in retinal diseases, and identifies some key unanswered questions about PGF that can serve as a pathway for future basic, translational and clinical research.     

色素上皮细胞衍生因子与脉络膜新生血管性疾病

色素上皮细胞衍生因子(pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是一种分泌蛋白,相对分子量为50000,属于丝氨酸超家族的一员。近年来大量研究发现PEDF具有多种生物学功效,包括抗新生血管、神经营养及神经保护功能。PEDF是最有效的内源性眼部新生血管抑制物。PEDF对于治疗血管增生性疾病及视网膜变性疾病具有广阔的前景,就近年来关于PEDF的研究进展及其与脉络膜新生血管性疾病的相关研究进展给以综述。     

抗VEGF药物治疗新生血管性眼病的研究进展

新生血管形成是很多重要眼部疾病的共同病理改变,血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是新生血管形成过程中重要的启动因子。近年来,玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物为新生血管性眼病的治疗开辟了新的方向及途径,并取得了很好的效果。本文就近年来出现的几种抗VEGF药物的基础研究、临床应用及不良反应情况予以综述。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体通道与角膜新生血管的关系研究进展

角膜新生血管(CNV)性疾病是目前致盲的主要原因之一,抑制CNV形成是挽救角膜盲患者视力,提高患者生活质量的重要途径之一.血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体通道是国内外新生血管性疾病的研究热点,是CNV形成的调节通道之一,是目前公认的较强的血管生长因子.对VEGF及其受体通道、其促血管生成机制、通过抑制VEGF及其受体通道来抑制CNV的研究现状及前景做一综述.