EX-PRESS青光眼引流钉植入术和小梁切除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的临床观察

目的与小梁切除术对比,观察EX-PRESS青光眼引流钉植入术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的有效性和安全性。方法对药物不能控制的原发性开角型青光眼患者进行手术,随机分为EX-PRESS青光眼引流钉植入术组和小梁切除术组,每组术中均联合使用丝裂霉素。收集术前,术后1 d,2周,1,3,6,12个月的视力、眼压等基本数据。结果评价主要为平均眼压和术后并发症的发生率。手术完全成功的标准为:在不使用任何降眼压药物的情况下,眼压控制在5~18 mm Hg或比基线眼压下降20%。结果 28例原发性开角型青光眼患者共32只眼纳入研究,每组各14例。EX-PRESS青光眼引流钉植入组术前平均眼压(34.5±5.6)mm Hg,小梁切除术组术前平均眼压(33.8±6.8)mm Hg。两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后1年两组平均眼压分别为(12.6±4.5)mm Hg和(11.5±4.6)mm Hg。两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。术后随访1年,完全成功者EX-PRESS青光眼引流钉植入组占69%,小梁切除术组占56%。相对成功者两组分别占87%和81%。两组比较无差异(P>0.05)。在手术时间和并发症发生率上两组比较无明显统计学差异。结论对于原发性开角型青光眼患者,巩膜瓣下植入EX-PRESS青光眼引流钉装置安全、有效。     

latanoprost与噻吗心安治疗开角型青光眼及高眼压症的临床？…

验证ｌａｔａｎｏｐｒｏｓｔ对青光眼的治疗价值。方法对１２８例原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症患者进行为期１２周的多中心、开放式,临床随机对照研究,观察其随眼压疗效和不良反应。分别应用０．００５％ｌａｔａｎｏｐｒｏｓｔ每日滴眼１次及０．５％噻吗心安每日滴眼２次。随访时间为治疗前、治疗后２、６及１２周、测量眼压并观察记录局部、全身不良反应。结果共入选１２８例（ｌａｔａｎｏｐｒｏｓｔ组６３例,噻吗心安组６５     

FP-7型与S2型Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗难治性青光眼效果比较

目的比较FP-7型与S2型Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗难治性青光眼的疗效及并发症有无差异。方法回顾性病例研究。分析于沧州市中心医院眼科分别行S2型（26例26眼）和FP-7型（23例23眼）Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术的难治性青光眼患者的临床资料,对2组的眼压变化、手术成功率、术后并发症等进行比较。术前、术后眼压比较及2个观察组降眼压效果比较采用重复测量资料的方差分析;手术成功率的计算采用寿命表法,比较采用log-rank检验;并发症发生率的比较采用Fisher确切概率法。结果S2组术前眼压为（38.19±10.56）mmHg,术后1、6、12、24个月的眼压分别为（14.54±4.11）mmHg、（15.83±5.76）mmHg、（17.19±4.96）mmHg、（18.84±5.28）mmHg;FP-7组术前眼压为（39.91±9.12）mmHg,术后各时间点眼压分别为（14.41±5.14）mmHg、（15.95±4.32）mmHg、（17.11±4.75）mmHg、（19.06±6.55）mmHg。2组降眼压效果差异无统计学意义。至最后一次随访S2组的累积总成功率和累积完全成功率分别为82%和74%,FP-7组分别为80%和75%,2组比较差异无统计学意义。结论FP-7型与S2型Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗难治性青光眼的降眼压效果相当,FP-7型的术后并发症发生率不高于S2型。     

国产房水引流置入物治疗顽固性青光眼近期疗效观察

目的 观察国产引流置人物治疗顽固性青光眼的疗效.方法 对10例顽固性青光眼施行颞上象限或颞下象限到赤道部区域的国产HAD房水引流物置人术.结果 术后半年以上由术前眼压46.6±4.5 mmHg,下降至19.75±5.78 mmHg,总成功率为70%.并发症有短暂性前房出血,术后早期低眼压引流管过长或过短.结论 国产HAD房水引流物置入术较为经济,是治疗难治性青光眼的一种有效方法之一.     

Pneumatic trabeculoplasty vs latanoprost as adjunctive therapy to timolol in primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Purpose  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pneumatic trabeculoplasty (PNT) compared with latanoprost 0.005%, in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) not controlled by timolol 0.5%. Procedures  In a randomized clinical study, 18 patients affected with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OH) with intraocular pressure (IOP) >20 mmHg after timolol 0.5% in one eye were treated with PNT; 18 control eyes received adjunctive therapy with latanoprost 0.005%. Visual acuity, IOP, visual field, biomicroscopy findings and fundus appearance were evaluated at each month. Patients with IOP >20 mmHg were excluded from the study. The study was continued until in one group no patients were left. Results  At 1 month, IOP had decreased significantly in both groups. In PNT-treated eyes the mean IOP decrease was 4.5 ± 1.8 mmHg (19.1 ± 7.8%) and in latanoprost-treated eyes was 6.6 ± 1.3 mmHg (28.2 ± 5.7%) (between two groups, P < 0.001). Eleven PNT-treated eyes (61%) and 17 latanoprost-treated eyes (94%) had an IOP reduction of more than 20% of baseline value (P = 0.049); two PNT-treated patients received additional therapy. At the following months, in the latanoprost group, IOP was stable: an IOP reduction of 20% or more was seen in 89% of the eyes. In some PNT-treated eyes IOP increased: at 2 months, an IOP reduction≥20% was seen in 50%, at 3 months in 33%, and at 4 months in 17% of the eyes. (between the two groups, respectively, P = 0.03, P = 0.002, P < 0.001). The number of eyes that required therapy increased progressively in the PNT group, and at 8 months all eyes had required therapy, whereas one latanoprost-treated eye had had additional therapy. After PNT, no patients had visual acuity reduction or intraocular inflammation; three eyes had subconjunctival hemorrhage and five eyes a hyperemia that regressed within 1 week. No posterior segment changes or visual field progression were detected in either groups. Conclusions  In eyes with glaucomatous damage that is not advanced, PNT can reduce the IOP in 60% of the eyes at 1 month, and in 33% of the eyes at 3 months, without significant side-effects. The indications, efficacy and safety of PNT retreatments remain to be investigated. IOP reduction is less and of shorter duration than that obtained by latanoprost adjunctive therapy. No financial relationship     

FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入治疗儿童难治性青光眼的临床评价

背景 临床研究已证实FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗成人难治性青光眼有效且安全,但由于儿童青光眼的病理机制复杂及其临床表现的多样性,采用FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗儿童难治性青光眼的疗效和安全性评价较少. 目的 评价FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗儿童难治性青光眼的临床效果.方法 采用回顾性系列病例观察研究设计,纳入2008年10月至2011年4月于沧州市中心医院行FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术的儿童青光眼患者26例30眼,患者年龄为4个月～16.5岁,包括先天性青光眼小梁/房角切开术后高眼压、晚期先天性青光眼、无晶状体眼或人工晶状体植入术后青光眼、外伤性青光眼和Sturge-Weber综合征.分别于术后1周及1、6、12、24个月复查,观察术眼术后眼压、手术并发症及手术成功率. 结果 患者术前平均眼压为（36.93±177;10.56） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）,术后1周及1、6、12、24个月眼压分别为（13.13±177;3.34）、（14.13±177;3.15）、（15.93±177;4.76）、（17.96±177;5.37）、（19.74±177;5.43） mmHg,不同时间点的眼压整体比较差异有统计学意义（F=58.929,P＜0.05）;与术前眼压值比较,术后1周及1、6、12、24个月术眼眼压均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（t=11.641、11.458、10.688、7.988、8.018,P＜0.05）.本组术眼术后1周及1、6、12、24个月的累积总成功率分别为100％、96.67％、93.21％、85.76％和71.46％.术后共有8眼出现轻度并发症,包括浅前房4眼、引流管阻塞1眼、前房积血2眼和引流管暴露1眼,经药物或手术治疗后痊愈,未发现术后严重并发症.结论 FP-7/FP-8 Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗儿童难治性青光眼有效且安全,可作为儿童难治性青光眼的首选手术方式之一.     

三种前列腺素类滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼的降眼压效果比较

目的 比较拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素及贝美前列素3种前列腺素类滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼患者4周后的24h降眼压效果。方法 病例对照研究。选取2009年1月至6月门诊就诊的原发性开角型青光眼患者63例（63只眼）。其中拉坦前列素组21例（21只眼）,曲伏前列素组22例（22只眼）,贝美前列素组20例（20只眼）,分别使用相应的滴眼液,均为每日滴药1次,共观察4周,测量用药前后的24h眼压曲线。3组间用药前或用药后24h不同时间点眼压值比较采用两因素重复测量的方差分析,眼压波动幅度比较采用单因素方差分析。结果 3组患者用药4周后眼压均明显下降,拉坦前列素组眼压从(18.9±2.1)mm Hg（1mm Hg =0.133 kPa）降至(15.3±2.7)mm Hg,下降幅度（用药前后眼压差值/用药前眼压值）为19.0％;曲伏前列素组眼压从(19.1±3.1)mm Hg降至(15.3 ±2.1)mm Hg,下降幅度为19.4％;贝美前列素组眼压从(18.6±1.9) mm Hg降至(14.9±1.9)mm Hg,下降幅度为19.9％。波幅下降幅度（用药前后波幅差值/用药前波幅值）,拉坦前列素组为31.0％,曲伏前列素组为31.1％,贝美前列素组为31.9％。用药前及用药后3组间眼压值随时间点变化差异均无统计学意义(F= 1.501,P=0.110),3组间用药后眼压波幅下降幅度差异无统计学意义(F =0.286,P=0.752)。结论 拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素、贝美前列素3种滴眼液对原发性开角型青光眼的昼夜降眼压效果显著且无明显差别。     

曲伏前列素滴眼液(速为坦)治疗原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症的临床研究

目的观察曲伏前列素滴眼液(速为坦)降眼压效果及安全性。方法采用随机、单盲、平行对照试验,选取原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症患者,试验组入选24例(24只眼)滴用曲伏前列素滴眼液,对照组入选23例(23只眼)滴用拉坦前列素滴眼液(适利达),均为每日1次,共观察4周。观察的指标包括眼压、视力、血压、脉搏、眼部症状和体征以及不良反应。结果1试验组平均日间眼压从(2483±297)mmHg(1mmHg=0133kPa)降至(1613±292)mmHg,最大下降幅度为352%;对照组从(2396±362)mmHg降至(1614±297)mmHg,最大下降幅度为326%。2用药后试验组和对照组结膜充血均有明显增加,试验组的眼痒明显重于对照组,但都不妨碍继续用药。未发现其他眼部改变和全身副作用。结论曲伏前列素滴眼液对控制原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症的眼压是有效和安全的,可望成为理想的一线抗青光眼药物。     

早期开角型青光眼的视网膜神经纤维层缺损及相关临床特点

目的观察早期原发性开角型青光眼（primary open-angle glaucoma,POAG）及正常眼压性青光眼（normal tension glaucoma,NTG）的弥漫性及局限性视网膜神经纤维层缺损（retinal never fiber layer defect,RNFLD）的分布及相关的临床特点。方法通过对立体眼底像的观察,明确81例POAG及70例NTG的RNFLD类型,分析弥漫性及局限性RNFLD在两型青光眼中的分布,比较两型RNFLD患者未治疗的最高眼压及视盘出血发生比例的不同。结果81例POAG中,78例出现RNFLD,其中弥漫性RNFLD50例,局限性RNFLD28例。70例NTG中,弥漫性RNFLD27例,局限性RNFLD43例,两型青光眼的RNFLD的分布相比较,差异有显著性（χ     

Safety and efficacy of Aurolab aqueous drainage implant in refractory glaucoma: A prospective study

Purpose:This study was conducted to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) control and postoperative complications following a non-valved glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery in refractory glaucoma.Methods:This was a prospective interventional study conducted on patients with glaucoma refractory to maximal medications or failed surgical treatment who underwent Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI; Aurolabs, India) surgery. Primary outcome measures were IOP control, postoperative complications, and reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medications (AGM).Results:Thirty-four eyes were analyzed and the mean follow-up was 16.06 ± 5.63 months. The preoperative median (Q1, Q3) IOP was 31 mmHg (28, 36.5) which decreased to 12 mmHg (12, 14) at 6 months postoperatively. The median (Q1, Q3) number of AGMs decreased from 3 (3, 4) to 0 (0, 1). Significant complications like implant extrusion and tube exposure were noted in two eyes. The total success and failure rates at 6 months were 91.1% and 8.8%, respectively.Conclusion:AADI is effective in achieving target IOP and significantly reduces the use of AGMs with good safety in the short term. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to assess long-term IOP control and cost-effectiveness.     

保罗青光眼植入物治疗青光眼的初步观察

目的：初步评估保罗青光眼植入物在青光眼治疗中的有效性和安全性。

方法：回顾性分析2022-03/2023-01接受保罗青光眼植入物治疗的青光眼患者10例10眼的临床资料。至少随访12 mo,观察手术前后视力、眼压和抗青光眼用药数量等指标的变化。

结果：纳入患者末次随访时视力较术前无明显变化; 术前眼压19-60(中位数28)mmHg,末次随访时眼压为10-18(中位数14)mmHg。术前所有患者均需使用2-4种抗青光眼药物,末次随访时仅1例患者需使用。4例患者末次随访时角膜内皮细胞密度较术前明显下降,未发生角膜相关并发症。截至末次随访,10例患者均获得手术成功。

结论：保罗青光眼植入物具有显著的降眼压疗效,角膜内皮细胞损害可能是其存在的隐患。     

一氧化氮与青光眼患者眼压升高关系的研究

目的探讨一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO)在青光眼患者眼压升高中的作用.方法对急性闭角型青光眼患者16例,老年性白内障患者29例,正常志愿者30例,应用高效液相色谱分析仪检测其血浆和房水中NO的含量,并以NO2和NO3之和表示.结果正常对照组血浆中NO的平均含量为(2969.37±862.85)ng/L;青光眼组血浆中NO的平均含量为(1390.78±302.95)ng/L,较对照组明显降低(t=2.853,P<0.01);白内障组血浆中NO的平均含量为(4234.89±1495.23)ng/L,较对照组明显升高.对照组房水中NO平均含量为(1405.83±602.70)ng/L;青光眼组房水中NO的平均含量为(2052.03±694.74)ng/L,与对照组比较差异无显著性(t=1.862,P＞0.05);白内障组房水中NO的平均含量为(2454.67±655.13)ng/L,较对照组明显升高.房水/血浆NO含量比值对照组为47.3%,白内障组为58.0%,二者的比值差异无显著性;而青光眼组为144.0%.结论血浆、房水中NO含量与急性闭角型青光眼眼压升高有关.     

测量中央角膜厚度在青光眼诊治中的意义

眼压测量值是诊治青光眼的基本数据.近年来的研究结果 表明Goldmann压平眼压计等多种眼压计的测量值与中央角膜厚度(CCT)相关.由于人群中CCT个体差异明显,因此测量CCT对于了解患者实际眼压水平具有重要意义.此外,最新研究结果 显示薄角膜是高眼压症发展成为原发性开角型青光眼的独立危险因素,但薄角膜是否为发生青光眼性损伤的危险因素之一尚在争论中.有学者认为CCT的测量应当成为诊治青光眼的常规检查方法 之一.(中华眼科杂志,2009,45:184-188)     

毛果芸香碱凝胶治疗青光眼的临床效果观察

目的探讨毛果芸香碱凝胶（ｐｉｌｏｃａｒｐｉｎｅｇｅｌ,ＰＧ）治疗青光眼是否优于毛果芸香碱水溶液（ｐｉｌｏｃａｒｐｉｎｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ,ＰＳ）。方法对２０例应用４％ＰＧ每晚１次和２０例应用１％ＰＳ每天４次的青光眼患者进行比较,两组患者均每天４次检查眼压、瞳孔直径和屈光度。结果４％ＰＧ每晚１次有效降眼压时间可持续２４小时,降眼压幅度达２５％～３７％;１％ＰＳ每天４次,降眼压幅度为２０％～２５％。ＰＧ在用药后５～１３小时降眼压作用最强,且９及１１时的作用强于ＰＳ,这对于控制起床前及上午眼压高峰特别有利。ＰＧ引起缩瞳及增强调节的最强作用在用药后５～８小时（睡眠期间）,而ＰＳ则在白天引起波动性的缩瞳及近视。ＰＧ每天仅需用药１次,较ＰＳ方便。结论在药效、副作用及依从性方面ＰＧ优于ＰＳ,值得推广、应用。     

FP-7Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床效果

目的 评价FP-7Ahmed青光眼引流阀治疗新生血管性青光眼的初步临床效果.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.收集2009年1月至2010年6月住院行FP-7 Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗的36例(36只眼)新生血管性青光眼患者临床资料,进行回顾性分析.患者随访时间为术后1d、1周、1个月及之后的每3个月随访1次.随访内容主要包括患者术后眼压、最佳矫正视力、应用抗青光眼药物种类数及并发症等.手术成功标准为完全成功和条件成功.手术后不同时间点的眼压比较采用重复测量资料的方差分析,手术前后应用抗青光眼药物种类数比较采用秩和检验.结果 患者术前眼压(39.5 ±9.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa);术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月及末次随访眼压分别为(19.2±8.9)、(11.8±3.8)、(13.7±4.8)、(16.9±5.3)及(16.9±6.8) mm Hg.不同时间点的眼压比较,采用重复测量的方差分析,差异有统计学意义(F=9.26,P＜0.05).术前应用抗青光眼药物1～6种,平均4种;术后应用抗青光眼药物0～3种,平均1种,术前后比较差异有统计学意义(Z =6.764,P＜0.05).FP-7Ahmed引流阀植入术完全成功率80.6％,条件成功率91.7％.术后并发症主要包括引流管阻塞、引流管暴露、浅前房及引流盘周围包裹性囊状泡,对症处理后眼压均可控制.结论 FP-7Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术具有安全有效、并发症少等优点,可以作为新生血管性青光眼患者的首选治疗方式之一.     

Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure in suspected glaucoma patients and their outcome

Background A case-controlled prospective study was conducted to evaluate the diurnal variation of intraocular pressure (IOP); the mean, the amplitude of variation and the peak and trough times of pressure readings in the suspected open-angle glaucoma patients as compared with a control group. We also looked at the outcome of these suspects after diurnal variation of IOP measurements. Methods Diurnal variation of intraocular pressure was measured in 202 eyes of suspected open-angle glaucoma patients and 100 control eyes, at 4-hourly intervals for 24 hours (phasing). Based on the phasing results, optic disc changes and visual field defects, the patients were diagnosed as primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OHT), or physiologic cup (PC), or still remained as glaucoma suspects due to inconclusive diagnosis. The last group (glaucoma suspects) was then followed up 6-monthly for their eventual outcome. Results The highest percentage of suspected glaucoma patients had peak (maximum) readings in the mid-morning (10–11 a.m.) and trough (minimum) readings after midnight (2–3 a.m.); the highest percentage of control group had peak readings in the late evening (6–7 p.m.) and trough readings after midnight (2–3 a.m.). The mean amplitude of variance was 6 mm Hg in suspected glaucoma group and 4 mm Hg in the control group. After ‘phasing’, 18.8% of the suspected glaucoma patients were diagnosed as POAG, 16.8% as NTG, 5% as OHT, and 28.7% as physiologic cup; 30.9% remained as glaucoma suspects. After 4 years follow-up, 70% of the glaucoma suspects still remained as glaucoma suspects, 6.7% developed NTG and another 6.7% POAG; 16.6% were normal. Conclusions Serial measurement of IOP ( phasing) in a 24-hour period is still needed, in order not to miss the peak and the trough IOP readings in suspected open-angle glaucoma patients, which helps in better management of glaucoma. Among 30.9% of patients who remained as glaucoma suspects after the initial phasing, 13.4% developed NTG/POAG over a period of 4 years. This paper was presented in part at the 19th Congress of Asia Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology (APAO), Bangkok, Thailand, 28 November-3 December 2003. The authors have no financial support in the writing of this paper.