角膜曲率的分析

目的：探讨我国人角膜曲率半径的正常值及不同性别、不同年龄的角膜曲率半径差异。方法：对10998只眼的角膜曲率进行检测，并按男、女10岁一组进行统计分析。结果：（1）K1为7.65mm,K2为7.71mm，平均K值为7.67mm。较眼科学正常值K:7.77mm短0.1mm。（2）K的平均值男性较女性的长0.1155mm。且女性各年龄段角膜曲率半径均男性的有不同程度的减短。（3）男女均随年龄的增长，角膜曲率半径大致呈递减趋势，即：角膜曲率半径与年龄成反比关系。（４）男女K1,K2之比，均随年龄增长而增长，即K1逐渐增长而增长，即　K1值逐渐增长，K2逐渐减短。结论：本文测定的角膜曲率较眼科文献中的提供的正常值短0.1mm，并且存在着年龄、性别上的差异。     

Analysis of some of the possible neonatal risk factors of development of retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate some of the possible risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 71 preterm infants with ROP needing treatment and 118 prematures without ROP or with ROP requiring no treatment, as a control group. All infants were born with gestational age < or = 32 weeks and birth weight < or = 1500g. The perinatal variables, including some of clinical data, the length of mechanical ventilation as well as continous positive airway pressure (CPAP), duration of total parenteral nutrition and some of laboratory data were analyzed, to evaluate their correlation with the development of ROP. RESULTS: Gestational age before 28 weeks (OR = 5.11), episodes of convulsiones (OR = 2.15), mechanical ventilation for more than 20 days (OR = 5.86) and > 30 days (OR = 7.47), CPAP for more than 5 days (OR = 4.15) and > 10 days (OR = 2.84), total parenteral nutrition for more than 10 days (OR = 7.84) and > 20 days (OR = 9.02) and elevated peak of alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) levels (OR = 3.17) were significant risk factors for ROP requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The opthalmic examination for retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation should be obligatory for prematures born < or = 32 weeks of gestational age, with birth weight < or = 1500 g.The frequency of the consecutive ophthalmic examinations depends on the severity of prematurity and on the presence and intensification of the risk factors for ROP.     

Treatment of retinal detachment of the course of retinopathy of prematurity

Cryo- and laser therapy of stage 3 have reduced, but not eliminated the occurrence of retinal detachment in stages 4a, 4b and 5 of ROP. In this disease the treatment of these stages is still the greatest challenge to the ophthalmologist. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present our up-to-date possibilities of treatment of different kinds of retinal detachments in ROP, including segmental scleral buckling, encircling scleral buckling, scleral resection, vitrectomy and its modifications in ROP. Guidelines of surgery of retinal detachment in active stage 4 and 5 of retinopathy of prematurity have been described.     

艾滋病眼部并发症的资料分析

目的:通过调查分析,了解艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现、治疗及预后。方法:收集赞比亚卡布韦总医院眼科2008-08/2009-08就诊患者。结果:艾滋病眼部并发症症状重,病程长,致盲率高。结论:充分认识、掌握艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现,提高艾滋病的检出率,早发现、早治疗,提高艾滋病患者的生活质量。同时应强调预防是降低艾滋病发生率的关键。