LASIK矫治远视屈光参差性弱视儿童及青少年的临床疗效研究

目的探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）矫治远视屈光参差性弱视儿童及青少年的临床疗效及双眼视功能的改善情况。方法回顾性系列病例临床研究。对2008年5月至2013年6月在河北医科大学第二医院准分子激光治疗中心,接受LASIK手术的远视屈光参差性弱视儿童及青少年75例,按年龄分为儿童组和青少年组,分别对其术后眼部情况、观察指标、随访情况进行观察,并与术前进行对比。结果两组中所有患者术后视力、等效球镜、双眼屈光参差度、角膜曲率和厚度与术前比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后各阶段复查均未见角膜混浊等术后并发症,至末次随访时均无裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力的下降,立体视觉较术前明显提高。后表面高度术后与术前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论远视屈光参差性弱视儿童及青少年行LASIK屈光矫正手术具有较好的安全性、有效性、可预测性和稳定性,并且能够有效的完善患者的立体视觉。     

青少年远视屈光参差性弱视LASIK效果观察

目的探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）矫治青少年重度远视屈光参差性弱视的效果与安全性。方法56例（56眼）平均矫正视力为0．38±0．09的9—17岁远视屈光参差性弱视纳入观察,常规行围手术期检查。术后进行双眼训练和弱视治疗。结果术后3个月弱视眼平均裸眼视力由术前的0．07±0．03提高到0．65±0．15;术后6个月平均裸眼视力为0．68±0．14。术后矫正视力较术前明显提高;术后屈光度较术前明显降低（P〈0．05）;52例（92．86％）同时视和融合功能改善,其中36例（64．29％）建立完整立体视功能。结论青少年远视屈光参差性弱视的LASIK安全有效,有助于改善双眼单视功能。     

儿童严重屈光参差性远视二次LASIK 1例

2000年8月至2004年8月在我科行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situkeratomileusis，LASIK）的儿童严重屈光参差性远视患者42例，通过长期观察，显示了LASIK矫治儿童单纯远视性屈光参差是安全、有效的，可明显减少双眼屈光参差度，术后辅以弱视治疗取得了显著的疗效。LASIK术后出现屈光欠矫是手术的常见并发症之一，有报道提出近视LASIK术后出现欠矫可通过二次手术取得较好的疗效。对于儿童远视LASIK术后出现欠矫行二次手术的效果如何．是否可行呢？本文就此进行了报道。     

儿童高度远视性屈光参差手术治疗进展

远视性屈光参差是造成儿童弱视的常见原因之一。近年来屈光手术矫正儿童远视性/近视性屈光参差越来越受到关注,成为重度屈光参差性弱视治疗中的重要途径。本文就准分子激光角膜表面切削术、准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术、准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术及屈光性人工晶状体植入等目前已应用于儿童远视性屈光参差的屈光手术进行综述,着重探讨其术式有效性。     

4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统对远视性屈光不正性及屈光参差性弱视的疗效观察

目的:评估4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统对远视性屈光不正性及远视性屈光参差性弱视儿童的疗效。方法:招募3~9岁远视性屈光不正性及远视性屈光参差性弱视患者48例(其中远视性屈光不正性弱视18例36眼,远视性屈光参差性弱视30例30眼),所有患者排除其他眼病,在屈光矫正、合理遮盖的基础上接受4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统的训练。初期训练以提高视力为主,视力达0.6以上者加上脱抑制训练及双眼视功能训练。比较训练前、后的视力及双眼立体视变化情况。结果:远视性屈光不正性弱视患者共18例36眼,其中轻度弱视组13眼,中度弱视组19眼,重度弱视组4眼。远视性屈光参差性弱视患者共30例30眼,根据弱视程度分为轻度弱视组5眼,中度弱视组13眼,重度弱视组12眼。治疗60次后视力均有明显提高。治疗60次后立体视有明显提高,且与屈光度无关(P>0.05),与初始视力及治疗后视力均呈正相关(P<0.05),与屈光参差量呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:4D数字化弱视斜视矫治系统联合传统的弱视治疗方法能有效提高3~9岁远视性屈光不正性弱视和远视性屈光参差性弱视儿童的视力并改善其双眼视功能。     

LASIK矫治高度屈光参差性弱视儿童的立体视觉研究

目的观察儿童高度屈光参差性弱视患者接受LASIK后立体视觉的恢复情况及其矫治儿童高度屈光参差性弱视的疗效。设计前瞻性非随机自身对照观察。研究对象36例36眼行LASIK手术的6～12岁高度屈光参差性弱视儿童患者。方法患者在LASIK术前、术后3、6及12个月检查视力、屈光度,采用颜氏立体视觉检查图检查立体视觉。立体视锐度≤60”为有中央立体视;80＂-800”为有周边立体视;〉800”为立体视盲。按最佳矫正视力分为轻、中、重度弱视三组。主要指标立体视锐度。结果LASIK术后12个月裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光参差程度较术前均明显改善（P均〈0．05）。术前、术后6个月和术后12个月立体视盲分别占55．6％（20例）、33．3％（12例）和16．7％（6例）（P均〈0．05）。术后12个月轻度弱视组100％恢复了立体视,其中40．0％（8例）恢复了中央立体视;中度弱视组有10．0％（1例）恢复了中央立体视,70．0％（7例）恢复了周边立体视;而重度弱视组仅33．3％（2例）恢复了周边立体视（P均〈0．05）。术后12个月,年龄〈10岁者与≥10岁者分别有89．5％、76．5％恢复了立体视（P=0．351）。结论屈光参差性弱视儿童立体视建立与弱视程度、弱视治疗时间有关。对于不能耐受戴镜矫正的严重屈光参差性弱视患儿,LASIK手术是一种安全、有效的治疗手段,术后可能恢复正常或部分立体视。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗视觉敏感期后远视性屈光参差性弱视

目的评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situ kemtomileusis，LASIK）治疗视觉敏感期后远视性屈光参差性弱视1年后的作用和安全性。方法对25例（25眼）年龄为12—16岁的远视性屈光参差性弱视患儿行角膜中央最薄处厚度和中央2．5mm外四个方位厚度检测、1％阿托品散瞳验光、角膜直径测量、wavefront或OPD—scan波前像差仪进行坐位时的虹膜识别后行LASIK治疗。弱视眼屈光度远视1．50—7．50DS，散光为1．00-5．00DC，激光仪使用visxstarS4或NidekEC5000 CX—Ⅱ激光仪，两种激光均具有眼球主动追踪和虹膜识别技术。术后辅助弱视训练，随访12个月以上。结果弱视眼远视切削均值达（3．75±1．20）D，最高限度为6，75DS，术中术后无角膜瓣相关并发症发生。术后第12个月随访时，术眼残余屈光度均值（1.09±1．13）D（P〈0．01），最佳矫正视力由0．24±0．17提高至0．67±0．37（P〈0．01），无最佳矫正视力下降或丢失。结论视觉敏感期后的弱视仍具有可塑性，术后1年的随防表明LASIK治疗远视性屈光参差性弱视安全、有效。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术矫治儿童近视屈光参差

目的 :评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (LASIK)矫治儿童近视屈光参差的效果。方法 :回顾分析 5年来 8例( 8眼 )儿童近视屈光参差者接受LASIK治疗的效果。弱视者术后结合健眼遮盖治疗。术后 1d、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年和 2年复查 ,项目包括裸眼、矫正视力、验光、眼压、角膜地形图和裂隙灯检查。结果 :8例中除 1例随访 6个月外 ,其余均随访 1年以上。屈光度从手术前平均等球镜 ( - 8.4 4±3.1 4 )D( - 4.0～ - 1 4D)降至术后 ( - 0 .56± 0 .51 )D( + 0 .5～- 1 .2 5D)。最好矫正视力从术前 0 .52± 0 .36提高到术后的0 .73± 0 .35,在 5眼术前屈光参差性弱视眼中 ,2眼脱离弱视 ,其他 3眼矫正视力均比术前有不同程度改善 (提高 1～ 3行 )。所有眼术后均无haze产生 ,也未见有别于成人LASIK的并发症。结论 :对于不能接受眼镜或者角膜接触镜等传统方法矫正的单眼近视散光屈光参差儿童 ,LASIK是一种可选择的安全有效的治疗手段。     

LASIK治疗近视性屈光参差性弱视

目的 评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis;LASIK)治疗近视性屈光参差性弱视的临床疗效.方法 用LASIK手术矫正8位近视性屈光参差性弱视患者,比较手术前后屈光不正的度数和立体视锐度的改变,并将术前的最佳矫正视力和术后第1天,第3天,第10天的裸眼视力以及6～9个月随访的裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力进行比较和分析.结果 术前屈光度数高眼的屈光不正的等效球镜平均为(-10.06±1.50)D,术后该眼屈光不正的等效球镜平均为(0.19±0.32)D.手术前后立体视锐度差别有统计学意义(z=-2.207,P=0.027).术前屈光度数高眼矫正视力和术后该眼矫正视力相比,差别有统计学意义(F=11.431;P=0.000).结论 LASIK手术能安全,有效地减少近视性屈光参差,提高患者的视力和立体视功能.     

屈光手术治疗儿童单眼高度近视性弱视的初步报告

目的探讨应用PRK治疗儿童单眼高度近视屈光参差性弱视的可行性、有效性。方法回顾性分析12例5-10岁的儿童单眼高度近视屈光参差性弱视的患儿,对近视度数较高的12眼进行PRK手术治疗,术后再进行系统的脑力影像网络弱视治疗,随访6-12个月。观察手术前后双眼屈光参差差距变化、术眼视力、屈光度、对比敏感度和立体视改善情况。结果手术眼屈光度从术前平均等效球镜-9．77±3．64D降至术后-2．79±2．33D,手术前后屈光度降幅平均为6．98±3．09D。术前双跟屈光参差差距平均为8．65±4．06D,术后双眼屈光参差平均降幅8．25±4．23D。矫正视力从术前0．36±0．24提高到术后的0．45±0．28,术后视力改善的占96．6％,其中提高1行的占36％,提高2行或以上者占62％,未见视力减退病例。在所有术前屈光参差性弱视眼中,2眼术后1个月矫正视力即达到1．0,其他10眼矫正视力均较术前持平或有不同程度改善（提高1-3行）。术后戴镜条件下的对比敏感度和立体视功能与术前持平或有不同程度的改善,其中具有立体视功能的比例从术前的15．3％提高至术后的55．4％。所有病例未见有别于成人PRK的并发症。结论对于单眼高度近视屈光参差性弱视的低龄儿童患者施行PRK手术治疗是一种可选择的安全有效的治疗手段,不仅可以迅速有效地矫正屈光不正,提高视力,而且更为后期弱视治疗提供有利的条件。     

LASIK in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of LASIK for hyperopia in pediatric eyes with amblyopia resulting from anisometropia. METHODS: Thirty-two children with anisometropic amblyopia in whom conventional therapy was unsuccessful underwent unilateral LASIK between 1999 and 2005. Mean patient age was 10.3 +/- 3.1 years (range: 4 to 15 years), and mean follow-up was 20.1 +/- 15.1 months (range: 12 to 60 months). At the last follow-up examination, spherical equivalent refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Mean preoperative and postoperative manifest spherical equivalent refraction of the treated eyes was 5.17 +/- 1.65 and 1.39 +/- 1.21 diopters (D), respectively (P < .01). Mean UCVA was 0.06 +/- 0.09 (range: 0.01 to 0.5) preoperatively and 0.27 +/- 0.23 (range: 0.05 to 0.8) postoperatively (P < .01). Mean BSCVA was 0.20 +/- 0.17 (range: 0.01 to 0.8) preoperatively and 0.35 +/- 0.25 (range: 0.1 to 1.0) postoperatively (P < .01). Six eyes gained > or = 4 lines of BSCVA, 4 eyes gained 2 to 3 lines, 12 eyes gained 1 line, and 9 eyes were unchanged; only 1 eye lost 1 line of BSCVA due to haze in the flap-stroma interface. None of the patients reported halos or glare. There were no intraoperative or postoperative flap complications. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK seems to be an effective and safe procedure for the management of hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia in select cases. Visual acuity improved in the amblyopic eyes and was associated with decreased anisometropia. The refractive response to hyperopic LASIK in children appears to be similar to that of adults with comparable refractive errors.     

Facilitation of amblyopia management by laser in situ keratomileusis in high anisometropic hyperopic and myopic children

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in facilitating amblyopia management of children from 6 to 14 years old, with high hyperopic and myopic anisometropia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2005, 42 children with high hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 32 children with high myopic anisometropic amblyopia underwent LASIK to reduce their anisometropia. LASIK was performed under topical or general anesthesia. Pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, and binocular vision were recorded. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years, the averages of which were 17.45 months in the hyperopic group and 18.31 months in myopic group. RESULTS: Hyperopic anisometropia correction ranged from +3.50 D to +7.75 D, and the mean postoperative anisometropia was +0.56 +/- 0.75 D at 3 years. Myopic anisometropia correction ranged from -15.75 to -5.00 D and the mean postoperative anisometropia at 3 years was -2.20 +/- 1.05 D. The best-corrected visual acuity for distance and reading in the myopic group improved from 0.4 +/- 0.25 and 0.58 +/- 0.27, respectively, before surgery to 0.59 +/- 0.28 and 0.96 +/- 0.35, respectively, 3 years after surgery. In the hyperopic group, best-corrected visual acuity for distance and reading improved from 0.23 +/- 0.21 and 0.34 +/- 0.32, respectively, before surgery to 0.53 +/- 0.31 and 0.80 +/- 0.33, respectively, 3 years after surgery. The proportion of patients who had stereopsis increased from 19.1% preoperatively to 46.7% postoperatively in the hyperopic group and from 19% to 89% in the myopic group. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK reduced high hyperopic and myopic anisometropia in children, thus facilitating amblyopia management and improving their visual acuity and stereopsis.     

Laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism with the Nidek EC-5000 Excimer laser.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed for 92 eyes of 62 consecutive patients to evaluate uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and manifest refraction before and 3 and 6 months after LASIK (Moria LSK-ONE microkeratome, Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser). Eyes were divided into groups: Group 1 (low hyperopia) for spherical correction of +1.00 to +3.00 D (22 eyes), Group 2 (low hyperopic astigmatism) for toric correction with spherical equivalent refraction of +1.00 to +3.00 D (18 eyes), Group 3 (moderate hyperopia) for spherical correction of +3.25 to +6.00 D (10 eyes), and Group 4 (moderate hyperopic astigmatism) for toric correction with spherical equivalent refraction between +3.25 and +6.00 D (18 eyes). RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months after LASIK, 68 eyes (73.9%) were available for follow-up examination. Percentage of eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia for Group 1 was 54.5% (12 eyes); Group 2, 50% (9 eyes); Group 3, 40% (4 eyes), and Group 4, 38.8% (7 eyes). UCVA > or =20/20 in Group 1 was 14% and in Groups 2, 3, and 4, 0%. One eye (5.5%) lost two lines of BSCVA. CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Moria LSK-ONE microkeratome and the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser reduced low and moderate hyperopia and was within +/-0.50 D of target outcome in approximately 50% of eyes. Undercorrection was evident in all groups. The procedure was safe.     

Five-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia using the Technolas Keracor 117C excimer laser

PURPOSE: To evaluate safety, predictability, efficiency, and long-term stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for spherical hyperopia. METHODS: This study was a retrospective 5-year analysis of 67 patients (125 eyes) who had LASIK for spherical hyperopia; preoperative mean manifest spherical equivalent refraction was +3.84+/-1.13 D (range +1.00 to +6.50 D) and mean astigmatism was 0.37+/-0.27 D (range 0 to 1.00 D). Preoperative spherical equivalent refraction for the low hyperopia group was +1.00 to +2.75 D; medium hyperopia group, +3.00 to +4.25 D, and high hyperopia group, +4.50 to +6.50 D. All surgeries were performed using the scanning Chiron Technolas Keracor 117C excimer laser. Uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, predictability, long-term stability of refraction, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: At 5 years after hyperopic LASIK, mean spherical equivalent refraction for the low hyperopia group was +0.48D+/-0.79 D; medium hyperopia group, +1.52+/-1.45 D; high hyperopia group C, +3.39+/-1.98 D. The percentage of eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction within +/-0.50 D of emmetropia for the low hyperopia group was 63% (37 eyes); medium hyperopia group, 42% (20 eyes); high hyperopia group, 22% (4 eyes). Eyes with chronic dry eye symptoms had a mean difference in spherical equivalent refraction from target refraction of +1.43 D compared with +0.84 D for eyes without dry eye symptoms. Five eyes (4%) lost 2 lines of BSCVA at 5 years. CONCLUSION: LASIK was safe, effective, and stable for primary hyperopia between +1.00 and +3.00 D. Higher amounts of hyperopia had poor long-term stability, especially eyes with more than +4.25 D. Chronic dry eye symptoms were associated with regression over time.     

Laser thermokeratoplasty in the treatment of hyperopia in children

The effectiveness, safety, and stability of multimodality treatment for hyperopia, hyperopic and mixed astigmatism complicated by amblyopia and anisometropia were studied in 117 patients (117 eyes) aged 9 to 16 years, by using the new laser units "Lik-100" and "Glasser" at 1.54 microm. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 43 patients (43 eyes) with hyperopia, spheric anisometropia and amblyopia; 2) 38 patients (38 eyes) with hyperopia, simple and complicated hyperopic astigmatism, astigmatic anisometropia, and amblyopia; 3) 36 patients (36 eyes) with hyperopia, simple and complicated hyperopic astigmatism, mixed anisometropia, and amblyopia. All the groups underwent multimodality treatment involving laser thermokeratoplasty and drug therapy for amblyopia. In children and adolescents, the refraction effect was 2.99 and 3.61 (mean 3.37 +/- 0.60) diopters, respectively. Astigmatism diminished by 2.01 diopters (63%) in children and by 2.62 diopters (79%) in adolescents (mean 2/35 diopters). The predictability of a refraction effect in the range of +/- 0.5 diopters averaged 77% in all the groups. Anisometropia diminished by an average of 2.88 +/- 0.8 diopters, which was 85% of the baseline data (the upper range of residual refraction was not more than 1.5 diopters. In all the groups, uncorrectable visual acuity increased by an average of 0.36 diopters (0.43 and 0.4 diopters in children and adolescents, respectively); correctable visual acuity increased by an average of 0.22 diopters (0.36 and 0.31 diopters in children and adolescents, respectively). Loss of correctable visual acuity lines did not greater than 2.7% (5 eyes). That of endothelial cells was not more than 6-8%. The angle of squint strabismus could be decreased or corrected in 79% after treatment. Binocular vision restored in 57%.     

Laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism with the Technolas 117C

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. METHODS: Fifty-four hyperopic eyes of 35 patients with a spherical equivalent refraction between +1.00 and +6.00 D were followed for at least 12 months following LASIK. All surgery was performed with the scanning Chiron Technolas Keracor 117C excimer laser. Data on uncorrected and spectacle-corrected visual acuity, predictability, stability of refraction, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: At 12 months, the average residual refraction was +0.29 +/- 0.78 D; 83.3% of eyes (45 eyes) were in the range of +/- 1.00 D and 61.1% of eyes (33 eyes) were within +/- 0.50 D of emmetropia. Fifty eyes (92.6%) had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better and 34 (63.0%) eyes had 20/20 or better. One eye (1.9%) lost two lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and two eyes (3.7%) gained two or more lines. Two patients (two eyes, 3.7%) had complaints of halos and one patient (one eye, 1.9%) had glare at 12 months after LASIK for hyperopia. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK was used to treat hyperopia from +1.00 to +6.00 D with good predictability and safety. Primary and second hyperopia require different nomograms, according to our experience.     

Iris-fixated toric phakic intraocular lens: Three-year follow-up

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 3-year safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of iris-fixated toric phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for the correction of myopia or hyperopia with astigmatism. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, and Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic, Bochum, Germany. METHODS: A prospective clinical trial of 40 eyes of 23 patients with high ametropia and astigmatism was conducted. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity, refraction, astigmatism, intraocular pressure, slitlamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the 40 eyes, 28 were myopic and 12 were hyperopic. Three years postoperatively, 70% of eyes were within +/-1.00 diopter (D) of the targeted refraction. In the myopic group, mean preoperative BSCVA was 20/40 and improved postoperatively to 20/25. Sixty-six percent of eyes gained 1 or more lines from the preoperative BSCVA. The mean cylinder decreased from -3.58 D +/- 1.26 (SD) preoperatively to -1.15 +/- 1.01 D postoperatively. In the hyperopic group, preoperative BSCVA was 20/25 and improved to 20/20 postoperatively. Thirty-six percent of eyes gained 1 or more lines from the preoperative BSCVA. The mean cylinder decreased from -3.37 +/- 0.88 D to -1.53 +/- 0.69 D postoperatively. The correction was stable in all eyes 3 years after surgery. No potentially sight-threatening complications occurred. CONCLUSION: The 3-year follow-up showed the iris-fixated toric pIOL was effective in correcting high ametropia and astigmatism.     

Hyperopic LASIK retreatments with the Technolas laser

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of hyperopic LASIK retreatments. METHODS: This retrospective, consecutive, non-comparative, observational study included 85 eyes that underwent hyperopic LASIK retreatment with 1-year follow-up. Complete ophthalmic examination included distance uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), cycloplegic refraction, and pachymetry. Patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative spherical equivalent refraction: group 1, < or = +3.9 diopters (D) and group 2, > or = +4.0 D. RESULTS: The UCVA improved from 0.31 +/- 0.2 to 0.7 +/- 0.2 in group 1 and from 0.2 +/- 0.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 in group 2 following retreatment. Mean spherical equivalent refraction improved from +2.8 +/- 0.85 to +0.2 +/- 0.9 in group 1 and from +5.3 +/- 0.9 to +0.3 +/- 1.3 in group 2 after retreatment. In group 1, 32 (72.7%) of 44 eyes had BSCVA > or = 20/25, and in group 2, 24 (58.5%) of 41 eyes had BSCVA > or = 20/25. After primary hyperopic LASIK, 25 (56.8%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 19 (46.3%) of 41 eyes in group 2 maintained BSCVA or gained > or = 1 lines postoperatively in contrast to 21 (47.7%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 22 (53.9%) of 41 eyes in group 2 after retreatment. In group 1, 11 (25%) of 44 eyes lost > or = 2 lines of BSCVA after initial hyperopic LASIK compared to 14 (31.8%) of 44 eyes after retreatment. In group 2, 10 (24.4%) of 41 eyes lost > or = 2 lines of BSCVA after initial hyperopic LASIK compared to 12 (29.2%) of 41 eyes after retreatment. After hyperopic LASIK retreatment, 31 (70.5%) of 44 eyes in group 1 and 19 (46.4%) of 41 eyes in group 2 were within +/- 0.5 D of emmetropia. Safety was 0.9 in both groups and efficacy was 0.8 and 0.7 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Complications included epithelial ingrowth of 1 to 3 mm (30%) and flap edge melting (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK retreatment improved the refractive results of initial hyperopic LASIK surgery with 20% to 30% of eyes gaining > or = 1 lines of BSCVA. The loss of BSCVA was greater after primary hyperopic LASIK than after retreatment.     

Two-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia

PURPOSE: To evaluate excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia and its predictability. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 100 eyes that had LASIK for hyperopia to assess predictability and long-term stability of refractive results. The Chiron Automated Corneal Shaper was used to create the flap and the Keracor 117CT Chiron-Technolas excimer laser with the plano-scan program was used to ablate all corneas. RESULTS: Mean baseline spherical equivalent manifest refraction was +4.50 +/- 1.73 D (range, +1.25 to +8.50 D). Six months after LASIK, mean manifest spherical equivalent refraction was +0.72 +/- 1.87 D (range, -1.75 to +2.50 D), at 1 year, +0.88 +/- 1.73 D (range, -1.25 to +2.50 D), and at 2 years, +0.85 +/- 1.74 D (range, -0.50 to +2.75 D). Two years after LASIK, 45 eyes (74%) were within +/-1.00 D of intended correction and within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 50 eyes (82%) at 2 years; 29 eyes (37%) saw 20/20 or better. Undercorrection occurred more frequently in eyes with preoperative keratometric power of more than 45.00 D, when ablation zones less than 6 mm were used and when higher amounts of hyperopic correction were required. CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Keracor 117CT excimer laser appears to be an effective and safe procedure to correct hyperopia. Preoperative keratometric power, amount of hyperopia, and ablation zone diameter affect the efficacy and long-term stability of the procedure.     

Wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis retreatment for consecutive hyperopia and compound hyperopic astigmatism

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, and safety of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the Visx CustomVue excimer laser (Advanced Medical Optics) in eyes with consecutive hyperopia and compound hyperopic astigmatism after LASIK. SETTING: Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford, California, USA. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 19 eyes of 16 patients who had wavefront-guided LASIK for consecutive hyperopia and compound hyperopic astigmatism after initial LASIK surgery. Primary outcome variables, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), higher-order aberration (HOA) analysis, and spherical equivalence, were evaluated at 1 and 3 months. Nine eyes of 7 patients were available for all visits. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 51.7 years +/- 3.77 (SD) (range 44 to 55 years). The mean preoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was 0.99 +/- 0.32 diopters (D) (range 0.50 to 1.50 D) and the mean 3-month postoperative MRSE, -0.04 +/- 0.66 D (range -1.50 to 0.75 D). At 1 month, 57.9% of eyes had a UCVA of 20/20 or better and 78.9% of 20/25 or better; 84.2% were within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia. At 3 months, 66.7% of eyes had a UCVA of 20/20 or better and 88.9% of 20/25 or better; 88.9% were within +/-1.00 D of emmetropia. No eye lost 2 or more lines of BSCVA at 1 or 3 months. CONCLUSION: Wavefront-guided LASIK was an effective, predictable, and safe procedure for consecutive hyperopia and compound hyperopic astigmatism after LASIK.