Choroidal tuberculosis

A case of miliary tuberculosis with multiple active choroidal tubercles was seen in a woman with no central nervous system involvement. Fluorescein angiography was necessary to make the diagnosis of choroidal tuberculosis. It also is needed in such patients to determine whether choroidal tubercles are still active, since they are known to harbor live bacilli and could serve as a source of reinfection. The authors have stated that they do not have a significant financial interest or other relationship with any product manufacturer or provider of services discussed in this article.     

Periorbital tuberculosis

An observational case series of seven cases of periorbital tuberculosis, a rare tubercular presentation occurring in patients with and without systemic disease, is presented. Non-healing sinus and osteomyelitis of periorbital flat bones was observed. All cases had a positive Monteaux test and PCR. AFB cultures of the sinus discharge were negative. The response to triple-drug therapy was dramatic. Follow-up at the end of one year showed clinical recovery. The authors stress the need for a high index of suspicion in cases of non-healing lesions and atypical inflammatory presentation in the periorbital region.     

眼部结核

结核病是临床中常见的一种常感染肺部的慢性传染性疾病,也可以涉及全身多种脏器,包括眼。本文就其在眼部的流行病学、临床表现、诊断、治疗做一综述。     

Ocular tuberculosis

Despite the use of highly sensitive molecular tools, such as polymerase chain reaction, for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ocular tuberculosis remains a subject of controversy. The diagnosis is often presumptive in the absence of ocular biopsies. Choroiditis is the most common ocular manifestation in patients with pulmonary and systemic tuberculosis. Indocyanine green angiography seems to be an interesting method to determine choroidal involvement. PCR technology is proposed to evaluate the presence of the tubercule bacillus DNA in ocular fluids and tissues when conventional microbiologic methods fail to confirm a bacterial etiology. Most of the presumed cases of ocular tuberculosis should be treated with associations of antituberculous drug, especially when a systemic steroid regimen is required.     

Orbital — tuberculosis

Three cases of orbital tuberculosis are presented, two as cold abscess in the orbit and one as a chronic indolent sinus. A simple clinical test like Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) can demonstrate some or all of the characteristic pathological features like caseating necrosis, epitheloid cells and Langhan's giant cells. Important corroborative evidence can be obtained from the Tuberculin test and a positive therapeutic trial. While there are many other causes or orbital swelling and abscess, tuberculosis should be considered an important differential diagnosis in endemic areas. Simple tests like the tuberculin reaction and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology should be considered among the routine diagnostic investigations for orbital swellings.     

Characterization of and advanced diagnostic methods for ocular tuberculosis and tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs. Timely treatment of active tuberculosis, diagnosis and prevention of latent tuberculosis are very important. However, extrapulmonary tuberculosis affects the tissues around the eye and orbit. Tuberculosis can affect almost any tissue of the eye, and it requires a high degree of suspicion to accurately diagnose. Diagnostic delays are common and may lead to morbidity. For ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists, it is important to work together to accurately diagnose and treat ocular tuberculosis (OTB) to prevent vision loss. This article reports the latest advanced diagnostic methods for active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis as well as various known manifestations of OTB. Important elements of diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed.