米索前列醇对妊高征患者产后出血的影响

目的 :观察米索前列醇 (米索 )在妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 )患者产后出血的影响。方法 :对 6 1例妊娠高血压综合征患者在胎儿娩出后立即给予米索前列醇 40 0μg口服 (米索组 ) ,6 0例同期妊娠高血压综合征患者在胎儿娩出后立即臀部肌肉注射缩宫素 2 0 IU (缩宫素组 )。观察两组患者的第三产程时间、产后出血量、产后出血发生率以及米索组使用药物前后的血压变化。结果 :1两组患者的年龄、孕周、产次、轻、中、重度妊高征所占的比例、产前及产时处理、新生儿体重相比 ,差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,二组有可比性。2米索组 :第三产程时间 7.2 8± 3.2 3min,产后出血量 172 .4± 93.2m l,产后出血发生率 4.9% (3/6 1)。缩宫素组 :第三产程时间 9.5 3± 3.42 min,产后出血量 2 78.5± 12 1.3ml,产后出血发生率 2 3.3% (14/6 0 )。二组相比米索组第三产程时间、产后出血量及产后出血发生率皆明显少于缩宫素组 (P<0 .0 1)。36 1例服用米索的患者服药前收缩压 2 0 .2± 2 .1k Pa,舒张压 12 .9± 1.86 k Pa,服药后收缩压 19.4± 1.99k Pa,舒张压12 .6± 1.72 k Pa。服药后收缩压和舒张压皆有所下降 ,但差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。 4服用米索组 3例出现恶心及呕吐。皆为一过性 ,无需特殊处理。结论 :妊高征患者胎     

产后出血的危险因素与预防措施的临床研究

目的 了解产后出血的发生率、危险因素及预防措施。方法 2002年10月～2004年10月，将2362例正常足月妊娠阴道分娩、非高危妊娠的孕产妇按第三产程处理方式不同随机分为应用缩宫素组、米索前列醇组和期待处理组，记录第三产程时间、是否产后出血、出血量以及产后出血危险因素，研究在自然分娩的第三产程应用缩宫素及米索前列醇预防产后出血的疗效。结果 在2362例孕产妇中，发生产后出血45例，发生率1.9％，胎盘粘连植入残留（OR=9.12）、产程延长（OR=5．18）、精神过度紧张（OR＝3．58）、妊高征（OR=3.01）是产后出血的主要危险因素，第三产程应用缩宫素10u或米索前列醇400μg后，第三产程时间明显缩短（P〈0.01），产后出血比例明显降低（P〈0．01），产后孕产妇的平均出血量明显减少（P〈0．01）缩宫素组和米索前列醇组差异无显著性。结论 胎盘粘连植入残留、产程延长、精伸过度紧张、妊高征是产后出血的主要危险因素。第三产程应用缩宫素或米索前列醇可以减少产后出血的发生率和出血量。     

观察米索前列醇用于预防经阴道自然分娩产后出血的疗效

目的探讨米索前列醇用于预防经阴道自然分娩产后出血的作用。方法选取我院2014年2月~2015年2月收治的经阴道自然分娩且产后出血的产妇160例作为研究对象,所有患者均无高血压疾病,随机分成观察组和对照组,各80例,对照组在胎儿娩出后立即静注缩宫素10 U,观察组在胎儿娩出后即舌下含服米索前列醇200μg。结果两组患者第三产程时间、产时出血量、产后2 h出血量和产后24 h出血量比较:观察组第三产程时间(6.6±2.5)min,产时出血量(182.2±21.5)m L,产后2 h出血量(103.2±23.5)m L,产后24 h出血量(281.2±48.2)m L,发生产后出血1例,产后出血率为1.25%;对照组第三产程时间(11.4±3.4)min,产时出血量(257.2±38.6)m L,产后2 h出血量(257.2±38.6)m L,产后24 h出血量(478.3±45.3)m L,发生产后出血11例,产后出血率为13.75%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论米索前列醇用于预防经阴道自然分娩产后出血疗效显著,值得推广。     

米索前列醇对产后出血的影响

将正常足月妊娠阴道分娩、非高危妊娠的200例,随机分为两组,观察米索前列醇或缩宫素对产后2h内出血量的影响。实验组120例,于胎头着冠时立刻口服米索前列醇2片(400μg);对照组80例,胎儿娩出后立刻肌肉注射缩宫素10U。结果实验组第三产程平均时间较对照组缩短5．31min(P＜0．01),产后2h内平均出血量较对照组减少118．8ml(P＜0．01)。提示米索前列醇具有比缩宫素更强的宫缩作用。     

不同干预方法对自然分娩产后出血的防治效果对比

目的：探讨应用不同干预方法预防自然分娩产后出血的疗效。方法：第一组产妇于第二产程中采用肛塞米索前列醇片＋手法按压方法;第二组采用宫颈肌注缩宫素＋手法按压方法;第三组采用肛塞米索前列醇片＋宫颈肌注缩宫素＋手法按压方法。结果：第三产程时间、产后出血发生率及出血量方面,第三组效果明显优于其他两组,第一、二组除产后2小时内出血量外均不存在统计学差异。结论：自然分娩中,联合应用缩宫素、米索前列醇片和施加正确的按压手法能提高产后出血的防治效果。     

米索前列醇联合缩宫素预防剖腹产产后出血临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇和缩宫素联合应用预防剖宫产产后出血的效果,寻求更为有效的预防产后出血的方法,减少产后出血的发生。方法:选择我院2006年10月～2010年10月行剖宫产术患者505例,对其进行回顾性分析,胎儿娩出后,立即给米索前列醇400ug口服,缩宫素20U宫体注射为用药组310例,在胎儿娩出后单独宫体注射缩宫素20U为对照组295例,术后两组均常规予缩宫素20U加入5%葡萄糖液中静脉堆持,若输液结束,宫缩欠佳则予同样剂量缩宫素继续维持,并配合按摩子宫等措施直至宫缩好转。结果:两组产后出血率分别为2.3%(7/310)、15.9%(47/295),出血量平均分别为292.68ml、410.35ml。二项比较差异均具有统计学意义。两组术后出血原因比较差异无统计学意义。结论:米索前列醇联合缩宫素应用预防剖宫产产后出血取得了较好的效果,此法方便、安全、价廉,宜于临床推广,尤其适用于基层医疗机构。     

直肠用米索前列醇药物预防产后出血100例临床分析

观察100例产妇,米索前列醇直肠用药预防产后出血的临床效果。方法:选择足月妊娠阴道分娩100例,随机分为2组每组50例,用米索前列醇或催产素后对第三产程及出血量的影响。1组在胎儿娩出后直肠放置米索前列醇400微克。2组在胎儿娩出后立即肌肉注射催产素10U。结果:比较两组第三产程时间无显著差异(P>0.05)产后2小时出血量减少(P<0.01)。因此应用米索前列醇降低产后出血致产妇死亡的有效措施。     

益母草注射液预防剖宫产产后出血的多中心临床研究

目的 探讨剖宫产术中应用益母草注射液预防产后出血的有效性和安全性.方法 采用多中心、随机、单盲、阳性药物对照的前瞻性研究方法,于2007年4至8月,选择全国15所三级医院440例因产科医学指征行剖宫产分娩的产妇为研究对象.其中益母草组147例,于胎儿娩出后子宫肌壁注射益母草注射液40 mg,术后2 h开始,益母草注射液臀部肌内注射,20 mg/12 h,共3次;益母草+缩官素组144例,于胎儿娩出后子宫肌壁注射益母草注射液40 mg及缩宫素10 U,术后2 h开始,益母草注射液臀部肌内注射,20 mg/12 h,共3次;缩宫素组149例,胎儿娩出后子宫肌壁注射缩宫素10 U,同时静脉滴注缩宫素10 U(加入5%葡萄糖液500 ml中),术后2 h开始,缩宫素臀部肌内注射,10 U/12 h,共3次.观察:(1)产时出血量、产后2、6、12、24、48 h的阴道出血量;(2)产后24 h总出血量和产后出血发生率;(3)产前及产后血红蛋白、红细胞计数的差值;(4)不良反应.结果(1)出血量:平均产时出血量益母草组为(368±258)ml,缩宫素组为(269±14t)ml,益母草+缩宫素组为(255±114)ml,3组的产时出血量分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);产后2、6、12、24、48 h各组阴道出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)产后24 h总出血量:产后24 h总出血量益母草组平均为(480±276)ml、益母草+缩宫素组为(361±179)ml、缩宫素组为(381±179)ml,3组术后24 h总出血量分别比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)产后出血发生率:产后出血发生率益母草组为32.0%(47/147)、益母草+缩宫素组为11.1%(16/144)、缩宫素组为18.8%(28/149),益母草+缩宫素组产后出血发生率最低,而益母草组产后出血发生率最高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).(4)产前及产后血红蛋白、红细胞计数:各组产后与产前比较,红细胞计数和血红蛋白水平均有不同程度的下降,其中益母草组红细胞计数差值为(0.3±0.5)×1012/L,血红蛋白差值为(9±13)g/L;益母草+缩宫素组红细胞计数差值为(0.2±0.4)×1012/L,血红蛋白差值为(6±10)g/L;缩宫素组红细胞计数差值为(0.2±0.4)×10124/L,血红蛋白差值为(7±30)g/L,缩宫素组、益母草+缩宫素组分别与益母草组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);益母草+缩宫素组血红蛋白下降程度最低.(5)不良反应:3组中共有2例发生轻度过敏反应.结论剖宫产术中应用益母草注射液联合缩宫素,可明显预防产后出血的发生,且药物安全性好.     

米索前列醇在预防剖宫术产后出血中的临床应用

目的:观察并探讨肛塞米索前列醇预防剖宫产产后出血的临床效果。方法:90例剖宫产产妇随机分为三组,A组产妇于胎儿娩出时宫颈肌注缩宫素,B组产妇肛塞米索前列醇片,C组产妇同时宫颈肌注缩宫素与肛塞米索前列醇片,对比三组产后2小时内的出血量、产后出血发生率及不良反应。结果:产后2小时出血量A组>B组>C组(P<0.05);产后出血发生率A组>B组>C组;三组均未出现严重不良反应。结论:肛塞米索前列醇片较缩宫素具有更好的预防产后出血的效果;两者联合使用,效果更佳。     

米索前列醇在有高危出血因素剖宫产术中的应用

目的:观察米索前列醇用于有高危出血因素剖宫产者预防产后出血的效果.方法:选择有产后出血高危因素剖宫产者68例,随机分为观察组及对照组,观察组38例,胎儿娩出后宫体注射缩宫素20 U、静脉注射缩宫素20 U,同时术中口服米索前列醇.对照组30例,胎儿娩出后宫体注射缩宫素20 U,再静脉注射缩宫素20 U.观察两组术中及术后2小时内出血量.结果:观察组术中及术后2小时平均出血量252 4±56 ml,与对照组358±63 ml比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01).两组患者血压、血氧饱和度、心率的影响比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:在常规使用缩宫素的同时,采用术中口服米索前列醇,预防有高危出血因素的患者剖宫产术后出血临床效果较好,且用药方便、安全.     

氨甲环酸用于减少产后出血量的临床研究

目的：探讨抗纤溶药物氨甲环酸注射液用于减少产后出血量的效果和安全性,方法：选择足月妊娠、阴道分娩的单胎、头位妇产妇400例,在分娩第二产程胎肩娩出后常规静脉注射缩宫素10U,随后随机分为4组,第1组（94例）静脉滴注氨甲环酸1．0g;第2组（92例）静脉滴注氨甲环酸0．5g;第3组（92例）静脉滴注国产止血芳酸0．5g;第4组（87例）为未作任何处理的对照组,另35例产妇因分娩巨大儿会影响产后出血量的计算而剔除。用容积法和称重法分别测量4组产妇胎盘娩出即时出血量和产后2h内出血量,两部分相加和总出血量。结果：（1）胎盘娩出即时出血量4组之间比较,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。（2）产后2h出血量和总出血量4例之间比较;第1组分别为129．7ml和243．3ml;第2组分别为133．9ml和242．9ml;第3组分别为168．5ml和308．1ml;第4组分别为178．2ml和314．8ml。第1、2组与第3、4组相比,差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）;第1组产妇产后出血量少于第2组,但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。（3）产后出血（≥400ml）发生率,第1组6．4％;第2组13．0％,第3组20．7％;第4组25．3％。（4）4组产妇均未出现明显的副作用。结论：氨甲环酸用于产后出血的治疗是安全有效的,其中1．0g剂量对减少产后出血量的效果最好,0．5g剂量的效果次之。     

阴道分娩97例初产妇产后尿潴留危险因素临床分析

目的：探讨经阴道分娩产后尿潴留（postpartum urinary retention,PUR）的危险因素,为降低PUR发生率、减少产后并发症提供理论依据。方法：选择天津医科大学宝坻临床学院（我院）2016年1-12月经阴道分娩PUR患者97例为观察组[A组,其中分娩镇痛者83例（A1组）,无分娩镇痛者14例（A2组）],随机选择同期经阴道分娩无尿潴留者88例为对照组[B组,其中分娩镇痛者59例（B1组）,无分娩镇痛者29例（B2组）]。记录2组患者一般信息、妊娠期合并症及妊娠期并发症、产时情况、产后出血情况及新生儿体质量,进行回顾性分析。结果：2组产妇妊娠期合并症及并发症、孕次、胎膜早破、枕左前（LOA）胎位、第三产程时间和新生儿体质量比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。孕周、分娩镇痛、产钳助娩、侧切、第一产程时间、第二产程时间和产后出血比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。发生PUR的危险因素有孕周增大（OR=1.619,95%CI：1.121～2.339）、产钳助娩（OR=4.981,95%CI：2.184～11.361）、产后出血（OR=3.429,95%CI：1.024～11.488）和侧切（OR=2.419,95%CI：1.058～5.531）。PUR危险因素的ROC曲线分析：年龄最佳临界值为26.50岁,孕周最佳临界值为40.36周,新生儿体质量最佳临界值为3 372.50 g,分娩镇痛第一产程最佳临界值为402.50 min,分娩镇痛第二产程最佳临界值为61.50 min,无分娩镇痛第一产程最佳临界值为230.00 min,无分娩镇痛第二产程最佳临界值为34.50 min。结论：对孕周、分娩镇痛、产钳助娩、侧切、第一产程时间、第二产程时间、产后出血诸因素适当干预,可减少PUR的发生。     

Oral misoprostol for third stage of labor: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether orally administered misoprostol during the third stage of labor is efficient in reducing postpartum blood loss. METHODS: In a double-masked trial, during vaginal delivery women were randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of misoprostol (600 microg) or placebo in third stage of labor, immediately after cord clamping. The third stage of labor was managed routinely by early cord clamping and controlled cord traction; oxytocin was administered only if blood loss seemed more than usual. Blood loss was estimated by the delivering physician and differences in hematocrit were measured before and after delivery. RESULTS: Mean (+/- standard error of the mean) estimated blood loss (345 +/- 19.5 mL versus 417 +/- 25.9 mL, P = .031) and hematocrit difference (4.5 +/- 0.9% versus 7.9 +/- 1.2%, P = .014) were significantly lower in women who received misoprostol than those who received placebo. Fewer women in the misoprostol group had postpartum hemorrhage (blood loss of at least 500 mL), but that difference was not statistically significant (7% versus 15%, P = .43). Additional oxytocin before or after placental separation was used less often in the misoprostol group (16% versus 38%, P = .047). There were no differences in the length of third stage of labor (8 +/- 0.9 minutes versus 9 +/- 1 minutes, P = .947). There were no differences in pain during third stage of labor, postpartum fever, or diarrhea, but shivering was more frequent in the misoprostol group. CONCLUSION: Oral misoprostol administered in the third stage of labor reduced postpartum blood loss and might be effective in reducing incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.     

The length of the third stage of labor and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether the length of the third stage of labor is correlated with postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS: In this prospective observational study women delivering vaginally in a tertiary obstetric hospital were assessed for postpartum hemorrhage. All women were actively managed with the administration of oxytocin upon delivery of the anterior shoulder. Blood loss was measured at each delivery in collecting devices, and drapes and sheets were weighed to calculate the blood loss at each vaginal delivery. Postpartum hemorrhage was defined as more than 1,000 mL blood loss or hemodynamic instability related to blood loss requiring a blood transfusion. RESULTS: During a 24-month period there were 6,588 vaginal deliveries in a single tertiary obstetric hospital, and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 335 of these (5.1%). The median length of the third stage of labor was similar in women having and those not having a postpartum hemorrhage. The risk of postpartum hemorrhage was significant at 10 minutes, odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-2.6; at 20 minutes, OR 4.3, 95% CI 3.3-5.5; and at 30 minutes OR 6.2, 95% CI 4.6-8.2. The best predictor for postpartum hemorrhage using receiver operating characteristic curves was 18 minutes. CONCLUSION: A third stage of labor longer than 18 minutes is associated with a significant risk of postpartum hemorrhage. After 30 minutes the odds of having postpartum hemorrhage are 6 times higher than before 30 minutes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.     

Buccal misoprostol to decrease blood loss after vaginal delivery: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of buccal misoprostol to decrease bleeding after vaginal delivery. METHODS: This was a randomized study of patients between 22 weeks and 42 weeks of gestation with anticipated vaginal delivery. Patients were given either a 200-mug misoprostol tablet or placebo in the buccal space at the time of cord clamping. A continuous dilute intravenous oxytocin infusion was given to all patients at delivery of the placenta. Postpartum hemorrhage was defined as blood loss exceeding 500 mL. Sample size calculations based on previous studies assumed a 13% incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the control group. To show a statistically significant reduction of postpartum hemorrhage a total of 1,604 patients would be required in each group. RESULTS: A total of 848 patients were enrolled and 756 randomly assigned, 377 in the misoprostol group and 379 in the placebo group. Demographic, antepartum, and intrapartum characteristics were similar between the groups. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, 3% compared with 5%, (relative risk 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.33-1.29, P = .22), mean estimated blood loss, 322 compared with 329 mL, (P = .45), and mean minutes of the third stage of labor, 6.7 compared with 6.9 (P = .52) were similar between the groups, misoprostol and placebo, respectively. Hemoglobin difference before and after delivery, need for second or third uterotonic agent, and all measured neonatal variables including birth weights, and umbilical cord pH were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: Buccal misoprostol at cord clamping is no more effective than placebo in reducing postpartum hemorrhage.     

Vaginal misoprostol for induction of labor: 25 vs. 50 microg dose regimen.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of two regimens of vaginal misoprostol for induction of labor. METHOD: In a randomized study, 185 women undergoing induction of labor were allocated to Group A (n=93), to be given 25 microg misoprostol and Group B (n=92), to be given 50 microg misoprostol. Intravaginal misoprostol was given every 4 h until the onset of labor. A maximum of six doses was administered. RESULTS: Abnormal uterine contractions were more common in Group B compared to Group A: 33 (35.86%) vs. 10 (10.75%) cases, and significantly more women in Group B required tocolysis (9.78 vs. 3.23%). The induction-delivery interval (mean+/-S.D.) was 17.18+/-8.48 h in Group A and 9.37+/-5.87 h in Group B (P<0.05). Oxytocin infusion was used in 37.63% of women in Group A and 26.08% in Group B (P>0.05). The cesarean section rate was 17.20% in Group A and 14.13% in Group B (P>0.05). Cesarean for failed IOL was more common in Group A: 7 of 16 (43.8%) vs. 3 of 13 (23.1%) cesarean deliveries (P<0.05). Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 9.78% of women in Group B compared to 2.15% in Group A (P<0.05). There was a trend for more neonatal complications in Group B, but this did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although a dose of 50 microg of misoprostol results in a significantly shorter induction-delivery interval with less need for labor augmentation, there was an increased risk of uterine contractile abnormalities and postpartum hemorrhage. A regime using 25 microg of misoprostol every 4 h can induce labor safely and effectively.     

A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial of oxytocin at the beginning versus the end of the third stage of labor for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the administration of oxytocin at the beginning and end of the third stage of labor for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. METHODS: Patients with documented singleton pregnancies were randomly assigned to two groups. The first received 10 units of oxytocin intramuscularly at delivery of the anterior shoulder of the fetus and an identical appearing placebo injection following delivery of the placenta. The second received the opposite medication sequence. The study was double blinded. Blood loss was measured by weighing all fluids collected, visual estimation, and serial blood counts. RESULTS: 27 women received oxytocin at the delivery of the fetal shoulder and 24 after the placenta. Oxytocin given after placenta delivery resulted in lower blood loss (345 vs. 400 ml, p = 0.28), lower collection bag weight (763 vs. 833 g, p = 0.55), lower change in HgB (-1.26 vs. -1.32 g, p = 0.86), lower DeltaHCT (-3.43 vs. -3.64%, p = 0.85), and a shorter third stage of labor duration (8.6 vs. 9.2 min, p = 0.75). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, defined as estimated blood loss >500 ml (0 vs. 14.8%) was significantly lowered with oxytocin following placental delivery (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, postpartum hemorrhage was less frequent when oxytocin administration was delayed until after placenta delivery.     

Maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients with a prolonged second stage of labor

OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for a prolonged second stage of labor and evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of such pregnancies. METHODS: We reviewed all 7818 patients who delivered at the University of Illinois at Chicago from 1996 to 1999. Excluding nonvertex and multiple gestations, 6791 reached the second stage. Group 1 (n = 6259) consisted of patients with a second stage of 120 minutes or less; group 2, greater than 120 minutes (n = 532 [7.8%]); group 2A, 121-240 minutes (n = 384 [5.7%]); and group 2B, greater than 240 minutes (n = 148 [2.2%]). We compared pregnancy outcomes for these groups with respect to maternal and neonatal morbidity factors using chi(2), Student t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (significance, P <.05). RESULTS: Vaginal delivery rates were 98.7% (group 1), 84.0% (group 2), 90.2% (group 2A), and 65.5% (group 2B). Group 2 had higher rates of perineal trauma, episiotomy usage, chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, and operative vaginal delivery than group 1 (P <.001, all comparisons). Group 2B had higher rates of episiotomy usage, operative vaginal deliveries, and perineal trauma than group 2A (P <.001, all comparisons). The neonatal morbidity rates were similar for the three groups. Diabetes, preeclampsia (P <.023), macrosomia, nulliparity, chorioamnionitis, oxytocin usage, and labor induction were each independently associated with an increased risk of a prolonged second stage (all but preeclampsia, P <.001). CONCLUSION: A prolonged second stage is associated with a high rate of vaginal delivery, but a high rate of maternal, though not neonatal, morbidity was observed. Certain antenatal and intrapartum conditions are associated with a prolonged second stage of labor.     

卡前列甲酯栓预防产后出血的临床研究

目的：探讨卡前列甲酯栓预防产后出血的效果。方法：选择３６０例正常足月妊娠阴道分娩者，随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组２６０例，在胎儿娩出后分别向阴道或直肠置入卡前列甲酯栓１ｍｇ，各１３０例；对照组１００例，在胎儿前肩娩出后分别经臀部肌肉或肘正中静脉注射催产素１０ＩＵ，各５０例，观察产后２小时内的出血量。结果：产后２小时内平均出血量，试验组中阴道给药及直肠给药者分别为１４６．４ｍｌ及１３４．２ｍｌ；对照组肌内注射及静脉注射催产素者出血量分别为２６７．９ｍｌ及２１０．６ｍｌ。试验组与对照组相比，差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而试验组阴道与直肠给药者比较，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：卡前列甲酯栓具有比催产素更强的子宫收缩作用，能减少产后出血量，而经直肠给药方法更为简便，更适于向农村基层推广。     

A pilot-randomized comparison of sublingual misoprostol with syntometrine on the blood loss in third stage of labor

BACKGROUND: To compare sublingual misoprostol with intravenous syntometrine use during third stage of labor by measuring the blood loss. METHODS: Sixty women were randomized to receive either 600 micro g misoprostol sublingually or 1 ml syntometrine intravenously during the third stage of labor after spontaneous vaginal delivery. For those with risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage such as medical induction or augmentation of labor, previous third stage complications were excluded. The blood loss in labor was measured by the alkaline-hematin method, and differences in hemoglobin before and after delivery were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the median measured blood loss between the misoprostol group and the syntometrine group (280 versus 226 ml, p = 0.45). The change in hemoglobin was comparable between the two groups. There were more women in the misoprostol group who required additional oxytocics, but the difference was not statistically significant. A major complication occurred in one patient in the misoprostol group with blood loss in excess of 1000 ml. The incidence of side effects such as shivering and pyrexia in women receiving misoprostol was significantly higher than that in the syntometrine group. CONCLUSION: The use of sublingual misoprostol or intravenous syntometrine in spontaneous vaginal delivery resulted in a comparable amount of blood loss. Transient side effect such as fever and shivering which resolved within a day occurred more frequent to those who received sublingual misoprostol.