中重度宫腔粘连分离术后预防宫腔再粘连的临床效果观察

目的:探讨中重度宫腔粘连分离术后预防宫腔再粘连的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月在武汉大学人民医院就诊的119例经宫腔镜检查确诊为中重度宫腔粘连并行TCRA术患者的临床资料。术后宫腔放置Foley球囊导尿管+宫内节育器为A组,宫腔放置Foley球囊导尿管+宫内节育器+可吸收医用膜为B组,术后均使用人工周期。比较患者的术后月经改善、宫腔及妊娠情况。结果:中度宫腔粘连患者中,B组的治愈率高于A组(57.7%vs 31.0%,P=0.047),宫腔再粘连率低于A组(15.4%vs 44.8%,P=0.018);A、B组的妊娠率分别为40%、60%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.37)。重度宫腔粘连患者中,B组的治愈率高于A组(43.8%vs 18.8%,P=0.031),宫腔再粘连率低于A组(15.6%vs 46.9%,P=0.007);A、B组的妊娠率分别为11.1%和33.3%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.257)。结论:中重度宫腔粘连分离术后联合使用Foley球囊导尿管+宫内节育器+可吸收医用膜治疗效果优于Foley球囊导尿管+宫内节育器组。     

宫腔冲洗引流在重度宫腔粘连患者宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术后的应用效果研究

目的:评价宫腔冲洗引流在重度宫腔粘连患者宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术(TCRA)后的临床应用效果。方法:选择2019年1～12月在郑州大学第三附属医院就诊的重度宫腔粘连患者86例作为研究对象,根据术后预防再粘连的方法不同分为3组:A组30例,术后放置二腔球囊导管引流,B组30例,术后放置三腔球囊导管+0.9%氯化钠液冲洗引流,C组26例,术后放置三腔球囊导管+抗生素冲洗引流。比较3组患者宫腔引流量、子宫内膜厚度、月经评分、宫腔形态、满意度、妊娠结局及不良反应发生情况。结果:术后6个月3组患者子宫内膜厚度、月经评分、宫腔形态均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B、C两组术后总引流液量、子宫内膜厚度、月经评分、宫腔形态改善率均高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组不良反应、妊娠情况、满意情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TCRA后放置三腔球囊导管行冲洗引流相比放置二腔球囊导管被动引流更能有效预防重度宫腔粘连术后再粘连的发生,增加患者子宫内膜厚度,有效改善月经情况,采用0.9%氯化钠液或抗生素冲洗宫腔对比术后治疗效果无明显差别。     

雌激素不同给药途径对宫腔重度粘连术后预后的影响

目的:比较雌激素不同给药途径对宫腔重度粘连术后预后的影响,指导临床用药。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年1月在我院宫腔镜诊治中心就诊的90例宫腔重度粘连行粘连分离手术患者作为研究对象,根据雌激素不同给药途径分为口服组30例、阴道组30例、皮肤组30例,口服组给予戊酸雌二醇4 mg/d口服,阴道组17-β雌二醇1 mg/d阴道给药,皮肤组经皮肤给予雌二醇缓释凝胶5 mg/d,均21天为一个人工周期。用药后5天加服黄体酮胶囊200 mg/d,应用2个人工周期后复查宫腔镜,比较术后雌激素血药浓度、月经恢复、内膜厚度、宫腔形态、妊娠结局及不良反应发生情况。结果:术前雌激素血药浓度口服组(193.47±67.34 pmol/L)、阴道组(206.72±90.77 pmol/L)及皮肤组(211.62±82.24 pmol/L)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1周雌激素血药浓度口服组(558.00±145.59 pmol/L)、阴道组(3579.74±1447.16 pmol/L)、皮肤组(614.11±154.52 pmol/L)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第3周雌激素血药浓度口服组(548.56±175.72 pmol/L)、阴道组(4630.60±1046.87 pmol/L)、皮肤组(603.46±194.24 pmol/L)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第1周、第3周阴道组雌激素血药浓度均高于口服组、皮肤组(P0.05)。3组术后月经恢复、内膜厚度、宫腔形态、妊娠结局及不良反应情况间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阴道用雌激素血药浓度高于口服和皮肤用药途径。雌激素不同给药途径对宫腔重度粘连术后预后无明显影响。     

子宫结合带异常对中、重度宫腔粘连预后的影响

目的:探讨子宫结合带(JZ)异常对中、重度宫腔粘连(IUA)预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年12月至2019年9月于郑州大学第三附属医院行盆腔磁共振成像(MRI)及宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术(TCRA)的40例中度IUA及42例重度IUA患者的临床资料。根据T2加权像(T2WI)上JZ是否异常分为中度IUA正常组24例(A组)、中度IUA异常组16例(B组)、重度IUA正常组20例(C组)、重度IUA异常组22例(D组),比较A组与B组、C组与D组、A组与C组术后子宫内膜厚度、宫腔及月经改善、分离粘连次数、妊娠情况。结果:A组和C组的术后人工周期第17天及第2次经后3天的子宫内膜厚度及妊娠率均分别高于B组和D组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组术后第2次经后3天子宫内膜厚度高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组与B组、C组与D组的分离粘连次数、宫腔改善率及月经改善率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组与C组间术后人工周期第17天内膜厚度、分离粘连次数、宫腔改善率、月经改善率、妊娠率间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:JZ异常可影响IUA术后子宫内膜恢复,降低妊娠率;JZ正常时,中度IUA术后内膜恢复优于重度IUA。     

加用防粘连膜的综合方法治疗重度宫腔粘连的临床效果观察

目的:探讨加用防粘连膜(Interceed)的综合治疗方法治疗重度宫腔粘连的临床效果.方法:34例重度宫腔粘连患者,随机分成2组.A组行宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术(TCRA),分离后放置宫内节育器(IUD),术后口服大剂量戊酸雌二醇(E2V) 10 mg/d;B组亦先行TCRA,在放置IUD同时置入Interceed,术后治疗同A组.3个月后再次行宫腔镜检查术,评估对宫腔粘连的治疗效果.结果:B组的完全治愈率高于A组(A、B组分别为0.0％、47.4％,P=0.002),宫腔再粘连率低于A组(A、B组分别为100.0％、52.6％,P=0.002),其治疗总有效率明显优于A组(A、B组分别为66.7％、100.0％,P=0.000).A、B两组的妊娠率分别为13.33％(2/15)、10.53％ (2/19),两组妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P =0.804).结论:加用Intrceed的综合治疗方法治疗重度宫腔粘连一次分离术后的疗效优于传统综合治疗方法.     

综合治疗中重度宫腔粘连的疗效观察

目的探讨以宫腔镜下宫腔粘连电切术(TCRA)为主的综合治疗方法对中重度宫腔粘连(IUA)的治疗效果。方法对以宫腔镜电切术为主综合治疗的中重度宫腔粘连165例(中度83例,重度82例)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据术后服用戊酸雌二醇剂量和周期数不同分为三组:A组9mg/d,3个周期;B组6mg/d,2个周期;C组4mg/d,1个周期。术后3个月观察疗效并随访妊娠结局。结果 165例患者的有效率为85.5%(141/165);中位随访时间23个月(8~46个月),受孕率(包括流产、活产)为43.6%(72/165),活产率为50.0%(36/72)。中度IUA治疗的有效率(92.8%,77/83)高于重度IUA(78.0%,64/82;P0.05)。中度A、B、C组的有效率分别为95.2%(20/21)、95.7%(22/23)和89.7%(35/39);重度A、B、C组的有效率为73.9%(17/23)、78.6%(22/28)和80.6%(25/31),三组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中度IUA临床疗效明显优于重度IUA;TCRA术后4~6mg戊酸雌二醇周期序贯应用及早期宫腔镜复查也可取得良好效果。     

宫腔粘连术后留置玻璃酸钠联合大剂量雌激素预防再发粘连

目的:观察宫腔粘连(IUA)分解术后宫腔内放入玻璃酸钠联合大剂量雌激素口服预防再粘连的效果。方法:宫腔镜确诊为IUA患者272例,分为A组和B组,A组(n=103)行宫腔镜下IUA分离术及宫腔内节育器(IUD)放置术,术后口服大剂量雌激素及孕激素人工周期3个月;B组(n=169)在A组相同治疗的基础上加宫腔内留置玻璃酸钠;比较A组和B组的疗效。结果:中度粘连患者术后粘连再发率B组显著低于A组(P0.05);A、B组的治疗有效率分别为:轻度粘连100%、100%;中度粘连83.3%、94.6%;重度粘连68.2%、83.9%(P均0.05);轻、中度IUA的治愈率B组显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论:IUA分解术后宫腔内留置玻璃酸钠联合大剂量雌激素口服可提高预防再粘连的效果,特别对轻、中度IUA效果显著。     

不同剂量戊酸雌二醇用于中、重度宫腔粘连术后辅助治疗的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨雌激素(戊酸雌二醇)用于中、重度宫腔粘连术后的辅助治疗的最佳剂量。方法:选取90例宫腔镜下确诊为中、重度宫腔粘连患者,成功施行宫腔镜下粘连分离术,术后宫腔留置Foley尿管水囊,随机分成3组,每组30例,给予不同剂量雌激素人工周期治疗3个月,A组4 mg/d,B组8 mg/d,C组12 mg/d。定期随访观察患者的月经、宫腔形态、内膜厚度及对有生育要求者随访1年内的妊娠情况。结果:对于中度粘连,B、C组在改善月经、恢复宫腔形态及增加内膜厚度上明显优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对于重度粘连,3组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);A、B、C组1年内妊娠率分别为40.0%(4/10),33.3%(4/12)和35.3%(6/17),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于中度宫腔粘连,适当运用大剂量雌激素能明显提高治疗有效率,增加内膜厚度,预防再次粘连,且安全可行;但不必盲目增加雌激素剂量而相应增加药物的不良风险。对于重度宫腔粘连,大剂量雌激素未能明显提高治疗有效率,且3组辅助治疗后均未有效提高术后妊娠率。     

生物羊膜在中重度宫腔粘连分离术后的应用价值

目的:探讨生物羊膜在预防宫腔镜宫腔粘连分离术后(TCRA)再次粘连的临床效果。方法:选择2019年1～12月在我院就诊并经宫腔镜诊断为中重度宫腔粘连(IUA)患者61例作为研究对象,其中研究组31例,对照组30例。两组均采用TCRA,研究组术后放置生物羊膜+宫腔支架球囊,对照组术后放置宫形宫内节育器(IUD)+宫腔支架球囊。两组术后均口服雌激素促进子宫内膜生长,术后3个月复查宫腔镜,比较两组患者手术治疗效果及术后1年妊娠率。结果:两组术后月经改善情况、IUA评分、子宫内膜厚度、宫腔恢复情况及宫腔深度的增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后1年的妊娠情况,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:生物羊膜较目前临床上广泛使用的IUD联合宫腔支架球囊的方法更有助于TCRA后宫腔形态的恢复及子宫内膜的生长,但是对于其远期患者受益情况,还有待进一步大样本、多中心的实验研究考证。     

防粘连膜联合宫内节育器用于宫腔粘连的效果分析

目的:探讨防粘连膜联合宫内节育器用于宫腔粘连治疗的效果及临床价值。方法:选择2012年1月至2016年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院收治的宫腔粘连患者55例,行宫腔镜下宫腔粘连切除术后,根据术后不同预防粘连方式分为观察组(25例)和对照组(30例)。观察组患者采用防粘连膜+宫内节育器,对照组患者采用宫内节育器。比较两组患者治疗后宫腔恢复情况、月经改善情况及妊娠情况。结果:观察组患者术后3个月宫腔粘连治疗的有效率为96.0%,对照组患者有效率为73.3%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者月经恢复有效率为88.0%,对照组患者为60.0%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者妊娠率为36.0%,对照组患者为36.7%,两组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:防粘连膜联合宫内节育器用于宫腔粘连行宫腔镜下宫腔粘连切除术后患者,可明显降低宫腔再粘连的发生,改善月经情况,具有一定临床价值。     

Amnion graft following hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of amnion grafting after hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions. METHODS: In a pilot study involving 25 patients with moderate or severe intrauterine adhesions, hysteroscopic adhesiolysis was followed by intrauterine application of a fresh amnion graft over an inflated balloon of a Foley's catheter for 2 weeks. Follow-up hysteroscopy was performed after 4 months. Outcome measures included recurrence of adhesions, achievement of normal menstrual flow, and improvement in the uterine length. RESULTS: Moderate (group A) and severe (group B) adhesions were found in 12 and 13 subjects, respectively. Uterine perforation occurred in two patients in group B, one treated conservatively and the other via laparoscopy. No clinical evidence of infection was observed, and spontaneous expulsion of the balloon occurred within days in three patients, with easy removal after 2 weeks in the rest of the subjects. Significant improvement in uterine length was found in both groups. Despite improvement, failure to achieve normal menstrual flow was found in 16.7% in group A versus 23.1% in group B. Follow-up hysteroscopy revealed adhesion reformation in 48%, all belonging to group B, all with minimal adhesions. Moderate adhesions were found in only two subjects with previous tuberculous endometritis. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions with amnion grafting seems to be a promising procedure for decreasing recurrence of adhesions and encouraging endometrial regeneration. Randomized comparative studies are needed to validate its benefits, including reproductive outcome.     

Human Amnion as a Temporary Biologic Barrier after Hysteroscopic Lysis of Severe Intrauterine Adhesions: Pilot Study

Study ObjectiveTo estimate the efficacy of fresh and dried amnion graft after hysteroscopic lysis of severe intrauterine adhesions in decreasing its recurrence and encouraging endometrial regeneration.DesignPilot prospective randomized comparative study (Canadian Task Force classification I).SettingAin Shams Medical School, Cairo, Egypt.PatientsForty-five patients with severe intrauterine adhesions. Primary symptom was infertility with or without menstrual disorders such as amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea.InterventionsPatients were randomized preoperatively using a computer-generated randomization sheet into 3 groups of 15 patients each. Allocation to any group was concealed in an opaque envelope, which was opened at the time of operation. Hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions was followed by insertion of an intrauterine balloon only (group 1) or either fresh amnion graft (group 2) or dried amnion graft (group 3) for 2 weeks. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed at 2 to 4 months postoperatively.Measurements and Main ResultsAdhesion grade, menstruation, uterine length, complications, and reproductive outcome were determined. There was significant improvement in adhesion grade with amnion graft vs intrauterine balloon alone (p = .003). Improvement was greater with fresh amnion than with dried amnion (p = .01). Normal menstruation occurred in 4 patients (28.6%) in group 1, 5 (35.7%) in group 2, and 7 (46.7%) in group 3. Of 43 patients, 41 (95.3%) were treated in 2 endoscopic sessions (95.3%), and 2 patients (4.7%) were treated in 3 endoscopic sessions. Uterine perforations occurred in 2 patients (4.7%), and cervical tears in 3 (7.0%). Ten patients (23.3%) achieved pregnancy, 8 (80%) after amnion graft and 2 (20%) without amnion. Six of the 10 patients (60%) miscarried, and 4 (40%) were either still pregnant or delivered at term without complications.ConclusionHysteroscopic lysis of severe intrauterine adhesions with grafting of either fresh or dried amnion is a promising adjunctive procedure for decreasing recurrence of adhesions and encouraging endometrial regeneration.     

宫腔粘连分离术后复发为重度宫腔粘连的因素分析

目的:探讨宫腔粘连(IUA)分离术后再次发生IUA且成重度粘连的危险因素。方法:前瞻性建立IUA复发患者的临床队列,根据美国生殖学会IUA评分标准分为非重度组和重度组,首先逐一分析可能相关的因素,然后对有统计学意义的因素进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:2015年1月至2016年6月共295例复发性IUA患者参加研究。多因素分析发现初次发现IUA时为重度、刮宫后闭经史、多次IUA分离手术史者复发成重度粘连的风险明显增高,其OR值分别为12.12(95%CI 5.30~27.7),3.24(95%CI 1.60~6.57),1.69(95%CI 1.11~2.58)。结论:初次发现IUA时为重度或有刮宫后闭经史的患者行IUA分离手术后易复发为重度粘连;多次IUA分离也是IUA复发并成重度粘连的危险因素。     

Durations of intrauterine balloon therapy and adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis: a randomized controlled trial

Research questionDoes placing an intrauterine balloon for different durations (7, 14 or 28 days) affect the recurrence of intrauterine adhesions after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis?DesignProspective randomized control trial involving 138 patients recruited over a 12-month period and followed up post-operatively for 15 months. The primary outcome measure was the rate of adhesion reformation at third-look hysteroscopy.ResultsAt third-look hysteroscopy, 8 weeks after the initial hysteroscopy, the adhesion recurrence rate in women who had an intrauterine balloon for 28 days (20%) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that of women who had the balloon for 14 days (55%) or 7 days (36.8%).ConclusionsPlacing an intrauterine balloon for 28 days instead of 7 or 14 days after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis resulted in a greater reduction in the recurrence rate of adhesions. However, the study was underpowered to address whether the ongoing pregnancy rate could be improved by keeping the balloon in the uterine cavity for a longer period of time.     

宫腔粘连术后应用三腔导管负压冲洗引流装置的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨宫腔三腔导管负压冲洗引流装置在宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术(TCRA)后的应用效果。方法:选择收集2017年8月至2018年8月在郑州大学第三附属医院就诊并经宫腔镜检查确诊为中、重度宫腔粘连,近期有生育要求并愿意治疗和随访的患者60例,随机数字法分为两组:A组30例,术后放置宫腔三腔导管负压冲洗引流装置治疗;B组30例术后放置二腔球囊导管治疗。观察时间为术后6个月。比较两组患者术后再粘连率、内膜恢复情况、月经评分及妊娠率。结果:在二次宫腔镜探查时A组有效率为93.3%,B组为83.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);再粘连率分别为6.7%及16.7%。术后6个月A组内膜厚度及术后经量评分中位数值均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月两组妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组阴道总引流液量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而宫腔感染率、脱管率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术后应用宫腔三腔导管负压冲洗引流装置相比普通二腔球囊,可降低患者再粘连率,增加患者子宫内膜厚度,改善月经情况。     

Amnion graft as a possible source of stem cells for endometrial regeneration after lysis of severe intrauterine adhesions

BackgroundThe current traditional management of severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) is hysteroscopic adhesiolysis with application of either an intrauterine contraceptive device or a Foley catheter balloon with reported recurrence in up to 50% of cases. Recently, significant improvement with the use of amnion graft following hysteroscopic lysis of severe IUA was reported.CaseIn the present case, endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were found within and on the surface of amniotic membrane two months after its grafting intrauterine which was confirmed with CD10 immunohistochemistry.ConclusionAmniotic membrane graft after hysteroscopic lysis of severe IUA, might act as a source of stem cells for endometrial regeneration; a role that will be of great value especially in severe IUAs. Further studies to confirm this finding are warranted.     

The Effect of Estrogen in the Prevention of Adhesion Reformation after Hysteroscopic Adhesiolysis: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate whether estrogen therapy can reduce adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.DesignA single-center, single blinded, randomized controlled trial.SettingA tertiary University Hospital.PatientsA total of 207 patients with mild (American Fertility Society [AFS] score 1–6) and severe (AFS score 7–12) intrauterine adhesion who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.InterventionsPatients were randomized to a treatment group or a control group, stratified according to the preoperative AFS adhesion score. The treatment group received estrogen, and the control group did not. All patients had second-look hysteroscopy at 4 weeks and third-look hysteroscopy at 8 weeks after surgery.Measurements and Main ResultsPrimary outcome measures were adhesion reformation rate and AFS score at third-look hysteroscopy. Secondary outcome measures included adhesion reformation rate and AFS score at second-look hysteroscopy and menstrual pattern improvement rate at 3 months after operation. Among subjects with mild intrauterine adhesion, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and control group with regard to adhesion reformation rate at third-look hysteroscopy (10.6% vs 13.6%), AFS score (mean ± standard deviation) at third-look hysteroscopy (1.1 ± 1.2 vs 1.3 ± 1.2), and menstrual pattern improvement rate at 3-month follow-up (89.4% vs 86.4%). Similarly, among those with severe intrauterine adhesion, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and control group in adhesion reformation rate at third-look hysteroscopy (32.6% vs 26.7%), AFS score (mean ± standard deviation) at third-look hysteroscopy (2.5±2.2 vs 2.7±2.1), and menstrual pattern improvement rate at 3-month follow-up (84.8% vs 73.3%).ConclusionPostoperative estrogen therapy did not appear to reduce the incidence or severity of adhesion reformation, nor did it improve the menstrual pattern, regardless of whether the pre-existing intrauterine adhesion was mild or severe.     

Meta-analysis on the use of hyaluronic acid gel to prevent recurrence of intrauterine adhesion after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis

Intrauterine adhesion is a severe complication after intrauterine operation, Various adjuvant therapies failed to improve clinical symptoms and pregnancy rates among patients with moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesion. At present, hyaluronic acid gel is widely used in the primary prevention of adhesion after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. However, its efficacy is still under debate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronic acid gel in preventing the recurrence of intrauterine adhesion after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. The Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases were used to search for articles published before July 31, 2018, using the following terms: hyaluronic acid, intrauterine adhesions, Asherman's syndrome, IUA, hysteroscopy, and hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. Studies on therapies after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis were collected. The recurrence rate of and pregnancy rate in the presence of intrauterine adhesion after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 6 articles were selected, which included 394 patients who were subjected to hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. The meta-analysis results showed that (1) no statistically significant difference was found between hyaluronic acid gel use and without its use on the score of intrauterine adhesion after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis [the mean difference (MD) = ?0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) (?2.53–0.76), P = 0.29], neither a statistically significant difference was observed between the same groups on the recurrence rate of intrauterine adhesion [odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% CI (0.31–1.81), P = 0.53]; (2) subgroup analysis showed that hyaluronic acid gel could reduce the rate of intrauterine adhesion recurrence in randomized controlled trials [OR = ?0.28, 95% CI (0.14–0.56), P = 0.0006]. However, the recurrence rate of intrauterine adhesion after the use of hyaluronic acid gel was not statistically significant in non-randomized controlled experiments [OR = 1.53, 95% CI (0.79–2.95), P = 0.21]; (3) hyaluronic acid gel did not result in a significant effect on pregnancy rate after intrauterine adhesion separation [OR = 2.02, 95% CI (0.53–7.66), P = 0.3]. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid gel could reduce the recurrence rate of intrauterine adhesion, but had no significant effect on the postoperative pregnancy rate.     

Pregnancy and delivery following sonohysterographic lysis to treat recurrence after hysteroscopic lysis of severe intrauterine adhesions: a case report

OBJECTIVE: To report a patient with sterility secondary to severe intrauterine adhesions who underwent sonohysterographic (SHG) lysis for recurrent adhesions following hysteroscopic lysis, and achieved tubal patency and natural pregnancy leading to term vaginal delivery. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan. PATIENT: A patient with hypomenorrhea and sterility due to postpartum severe intrauterine adhesions. INTERVENTIONS: Operative hysteroscopy was performed for the severe intrauterine adhesions, and SHG lysis was performed for each of the recurrent adhesions that had occurred four times. RESULTS: SHG lysis improved the hypomenorrhea and restored the patency of the occluded fallopian tube. The patient became pregnant, and vaginally delivered a full-term infant. CONCLUSION: This approach may be an option if recurrent adhesions following hysteroscopic lysis occur.     

The nature of intrauterine adhesions following reproductive hysteroscopic surgery as determined by early and late follow-up hysteroscopy: clinical implications

Objective To evaluate the rate and characteristics of postoperative intrauterine adhesions (IUA) that might be formed following hysteroscopic reproductive surgery from both a gross and a histologic perspective as determined by early and late follow-up diagnostic hysteroscopy. Methods Retrospective analysis of 61 women wishing a pregnancy and suffering from a significant intrauterine pathology affecting their reproductive outcome were reviewed. All patients were treated hysteroscopically. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to perform a follow-up diagnostic hysteroscopy at a variable intervals from their initial surgery. Multiple hysteroscopic-guided biopsies from IUA, when present, were obtained in several cases. Twenty patients were in the early group and had follow-up hysteroscopy performed 2–4 weeks after the initial operation. The late diagnostic group consisted of 41 patients with follow-up hysteroscopy at about 12 months (8–16 months). The two groups were similar to composition. Postoperatively, none of the early diagnostic group underwent hysterosalpingography (HSG) whereas all of the late group performed HSG 4 months following the initial surgery, which showed at least one-third of the cavity free of adhesions. When adhesions were present, no effort was made to lyse them. Results At follow-up hysteroscopy, 25% of both groups had no significant adhesions. Grade I adhesions (thin, filmy) occurred in 60% of the early hysteroscopy patients and in only 12% of the late group (P < 0.05). Grade II adhesions were present in 10% of the early group and in up to 41% in the late group (P < 0.05), whereas Grade III adhesions were present in only 5% of the early hysteroscopy group, but in 22% of the late one (P < 0.05). Correlation between hysteroscopic and histologic findings were good in most of cases in both groups. Follow-up to determine the subsequent reproductive outcome revealed similar conception rates in both groups. Conclusion The IUA that might be formed immediately following hysteroscopic reproductive surgery are histologically different from those appearing a longer time after the original operation. Routine early follow-up hysteroscopy can influence the prognosis resulting from the original surgery.