几种药物对子宫内膜容受性影响的研究

子宫内膜容受性是子宫内膜接受胚胎着床的一种综合状态,与胚胎植入率及妊娠率密切相关。随着辅助生殖技术的发展,促排卵药物应用的成熟,对不孕症的诊治也上升到新的高度,提高胚胎植入率及妊娠率成为关键。控制性超排卵药物会影响子宫内膜的生长,改变子宫内膜容受性。通过总结几种中西药物对子宫内膜容受性的影响,以期为提高辅助生殖技术的成功率提供参考。     

低剂量阿司匹林对子宫内膜容受性的影响

子宫内膜容受性(ER)是胚胎能否成功种植的关键因素之一。近年来,阿司匹林已广泛应用于辅助生殖技术中来改善E R和提高临床妊娠率。本文就小剂量阿司匹林对子宫内膜容受性的影响进行综述。     

定点活检提高反复种植失败患者的临床妊娠率

胚胎反复种植失败（RIF）是阻碍辅助生殖技术进一步提高临床妊娠率的困难之一。子宫内膜容受性低下是造成反复种植失败的主要原因之一。宫腔镜下定点活检引起的子宫内膜损伤可通过炎症反应改善子宫内膜容受性,从而提高RIF患者的胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率。     

慢性子宫内膜炎发病机制及诊疗进展

子宫内膜容受性的建立是胚胎成功着床的必备条件，随着辅助生殖技术的不断完善，子宫内膜异常已成为影响辅助生殖技术过程中胚胎着床的最主要因素。持续的子宫内膜片状出血、粘连、间质密度增加、子宫内膜间质异常浆细胞浸润被称为慢性子宫内膜炎。慢性子宫内膜炎可通过影响子宫内膜容受性造成不良妊娠结局，并与子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜异位症和宫腔粘连等疾病的发生有关，接受抗生素治疗可显著改善辅助生殖技术妊娠结局。综述慢性子宫内膜炎的病因、诊断、治疗及对辅助生殖技术领域影响的研究进展。     

反复种植失败的相关对策新进展

辅助生殖技术的迅速发展使众多不孕症患者借助体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)及其衍生技术获得了后代。然而很大一部分妇女经历多次优质胚胎移植亦不能获得妊娠,反复种植失败(RIF)已经成为阻碍妊娠率进一步提高的瓶颈问题,且日益受到生殖医学界的广泛关注。就目前的条件而言,对RIF患者给予药物或者机械操作以提高子宫内膜容受性,行宫腹腔镜检查排除宫腔及盆腔病变以改善胚胎种植环境,通过辅助孵化、选择性囊胚移植、植入前胚胎遗传学筛查、共培养等技术提高胚胎着床能力都有可能改善和提高其种植率及妊娠率。RIF成为了我们亟待解决的问题,现综述近年有关反复种植失败的相关对策新进展。     

子宫内膜容受性影响因素的研究进展

妊娠成功率除了受到胚胎质量的影响之外还与子宫内膜容受性密切相关,胚胎着床成功的关键因素在于胚胎发育必须与子宫内膜同步化。在不考虑抑制胚胎质量及移植技巧的前提下,若子宫内膜不适于胚胎着床可造成胚胎种植失败,从而使妊娠率降低。目前对于子宫内膜容受性影响因素的相关研究已成为辅助生殖领域的热点和难点内容。     

雌、孕激素受体、生长激素受体、胰岛素样生长因子1受体与子宫内膜容受性的关系

辅助生殖技术(ART)经过近40年的发展,已取得突飞猛进的进展。但是临床妊娠率仍然徘徊在30%~40%。决定能否成功妊娠的因素主要包括2个方面,一是胚胎发育的质量,二是子宫内膜对胚胎的容受性。而在临床工作中,即使胚胎质量良好,种植率仍然不能令人满意。因此,如何提高子宫内膜容受性已经成为辅助生殖领域一个亟待解决的问题,了解影响子宫内膜容受性的相关因素,对于在种植窗期如何调节母体的内膜达到最佳的接纳胚胎的状态,具有重要的指导性意义。本文着重阐述子宫内膜容受性与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF-1R)、生长激素受体(GHR)之间的关系,期望对临床判断子宫内膜容受性有所帮助。     

子宫内膜容受性的研究进展

子宫内膜容受性是胚胎植入的关键因素,作为生育的必要条件一直备受关注。改善子宫内膜容受性将显著提高临床妊娠率。近年来,国内外对于子宫内膜容受性的研究从未间断,发现众多与子宫内膜容受性相关的生物分子,如有关基因、蛋白、细胞因子、微小RNA、子宫内膜菌群都影响着子宫内膜容受性的建立,但有关子宫内膜容受性的临床应用研究还较少,尚待进一步完善。总结分析子宫内膜相关因子对子宫内膜容受性的作用研究文献,以期为临床工作者对子宫内膜容受性的评估及改善治疗带来一定的帮助。     

子宫内膜损伤在辅助生殖中应用的研究进展

现代辅助生殖技术中,生殖医生主要通过优化胚胎质量、提高子宫内膜容受性及内膜与胚胎的同步性来提高成功率。子宫内膜损伤是在胚胎种植前通过对子宫内膜的局部机械性轻微损伤,诱导其自身修复,进而改善子宫内膜容受性,提高胚胎着床率的一种方法。目前子宫内膜损伤在临床上应用的有效性及安全性仍具有争议,关于子宫内膜损伤的目标人群尚无定论,但对反复移植失败的患者及宫腔内人工授精(IUI)患者具有改善妊娠结局的潜能,子宫内膜损伤的操作时机及具体作用机制仍需大量的研究进行探索。本文将主要从子宫内膜损伤的机制、时机及适用人群进行综述,以期为子宫内膜损伤在临床的应用提供参考。     

影响胚胎围着床期子宫内膜容受性的相关蛋白研究进展

胚胎着床不仅是哺乳动物所特有的生殖活动,也是妊娠建立的标志和首要环节,需要多种生物因子参与到胚胎与母体间的双向调控中。在胚胎围着床期,各种因素从不同环节对子宫内膜容受性发生影响,从而影响妊娠。近年来,围着床期子宫内膜上相关蛋白质的动态表达成为国内外研究的热点。众多研究发现,内皮型一氧化氮合酶、脂联素、肝素结合性表皮生长因子、大电导钙激活钾通道及钙囊素这5种蛋白质,在机体内与其他细胞、生物因子、激素等共同发挥作用,通过不同的途径对子宫内膜容受性产生显著影响,为进一步探究胚胎着床生殖生理机制、提高辅助生殖技术妊娠率及研制新型阻断早期胚胎着床的避孕药物提供了更多的理论依据。     

The possible role of hyperhomocysteinemia on IVF outcome

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the hyperhomocysteinemia on pregnancy rate, implantation rate and abortion rate after IVF. Method Data from a total of 48 infertile couples with hyperhomocysteinemia were prospectively collected for this study. All patients underwent a standard down regulation protocol for ovarian stimulation. Oocytes recovery was performed at 36 h after hCG administration. Embryo transfer took place at 48 h after insemination. The patients were matched in two groups that received or did not receive therapy (group A and B respectively) to normalize homocysteine plasma level. Results Pregnancy rate, implantation rate and abortion rate varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between the two groups. The number and quality of embryos transferred did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia could affect IVF outcome     

Factors influencing the cumulative conception rate and discontinuation of in vitro fertilization treatment for infertility

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cumulative conception rate and live birth rate in women undergoing IVF and to assess the influence of prognostic factors on cumulative conception rate and discontinuation of treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from couples undergoing IVF. SETTING: Assisted conception unit of a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Two thousand fifty-six patients undergoing 2708 cycles of IVF from April 1992 to March 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cumulative conception rate by age, number of oocytes retrieved, and embryos transferred, and the influence of these factors on dropout rates. RESULT(S): The cumulative conception rate and cumulative live birth rate after four attempts were 75% and 66%, respectively. The cumulative conception rate differed significantly between women 35 years of age or younger and those older than 35 years who had five or more oocytes retrieved (83% vs. 63%). When fewer than five oocytes were retrieved in women 35 years of age or younger, the cumulative conception rate decreased to 33%. Overall, 36% of patients continued treatment after the first attempt; these patients were more likely to have more than five oocytes retrieved and more than two embryos available for transfer. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative conception rate was greater when the female partner was 35 years of age or younger and had more than five oocytes retrieved and more than two embryos were available for transfer. These factors influenced dropout rates.     

更新换代后的活性IUD安全性和有效性随访研究

目的 :了解更新换代后的 IUD使用情况及效果 ,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法 :由 1 998年采用历史前瞻性流行病学的调查方法 ,对上海 2 1个区 1 0 387例放置活性 IUD的对象进行临床效果调查。结果 :放置 2 4个月末 ,活性 IUD总的带器妊娠率为1 .0 3% ,意外妊娠率 0 .1 1 % ,脱落率为 2 .52 % ,续用率 94.95%。其中年龄 ,孕产次 ,放置技术 ,放置时期及 IUD的种类等因素影响 IUD的临床效果。结论 :活性 IUD全面使用后 ,其临床效果与科研时的效果相似。但放置技术还需提高 ,各种活性 IUD使用比例的现状还需改变     

反复多周期促排卵对小鼠母体卵巢组织及胚胎发育潜能的影响

目的:比较多周期连续促排卵对小鼠卵巢组织和胚胎发育潜能的影响。方法:建立反复多周期促排卵小鼠模型(A组),观察其卵巢组织内各级卵泡数形态并计数。统计获取的卵母细胞及受精卵数、卵裂率、优质胚胎率和囊胚形成率,并与单次促排卵周期小鼠(B组)、自然周期排卵小鼠(C组)比较。结果:B组获取的卵母细胞数及受精卵数显著增多(41.6±11.0)。而A组获取的卵母细胞及受精卵数显著降低(5.5±2.9),但初级卵泡形态异常率(33.34%)和次级卵泡形态异常率(27.14%)显著高于C组(8.33%、5.62%)与B组(10.34%、8.97%)(P<0.01);卵裂率(44.83%)、优质胚胎率(0)和囊胚形成率(0)均显著低于C组(88.07%、75.09%、74.74%)和B组(81.05%、69.02%、66.94%)(P<0.01)。结论:单次促排卵能增加卵母细胞和胚胎的数量。但多次连续促排卵会增加卵巢内异常的初级卵泡和次级卵泡数,降低卵母细胞质量。同时,会降低优质胚胎率和囊胚形成率,影响卵裂后胚胎进一步发育的潜能。     

Trends in obstetric interventions in the Dutch obstetrical care system in the period 1993-2002

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in induction of labour-, instrumental vaginal delivery- and caesarean section rates in the Netherlands in the period 1993-2002. STUDY DESIGN: Data derived from The Netherlands Perinatal Registry and Statistics Netherlands were used to calculate annual rates for induction of labour, instrumental vaginal delivery and caesarean section. Regarding caesarean section, rates were also calculated for different subgroups with respect to parity, presentation of the fetus, gestational age and multiple pregnancies. In the subgroup of women with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation instrumental delivery rates were compared for women with induced labours and women in spontaneous labour. RESULTS: The overall CS rate rose from 8.1 to 13.6%. Proportionally the rise was greatest for breech presentation (+37.7%), multiple gestations (+12.7%) and women delivering between 24 and 28 weeks (+9.5%). However, in absolute numbers the rise was most impressive in the group of women with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation. Rate of induction of labour and instrumental vaginal delivery remained constant (approximately 15% respectively 10% of all deliveries). In nulliparous term women with singletons in vertex presentation the CS rate increased with 8.0% to a rate of 20.7% when labour was induced versus an increase of 3.4% to a rate of 7.5% in spontaneous labour. CONCLUSION: In absolute numbers the rise in CS was most extensive in the group of women with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation. Induction of labour rates and instrumental vaginal delivery rates remained constant during the past decade.     

活性γCu3809IUD与TCu380A IUD临床比较性研究

本研究通过增加原γＣｕ２００ＩＵＤ的铜表面积至３８０ｍｍ＾２，其目的为了进一步降低工带器妊娠率，以期达到ＴＣｕ３８０Ａ ＩＵＤ相似的避孕效果，而其副反应发生率明显低于ＴＣｕ３８０Ａ ＩＵＤ。方法：１９９５年８月－１９９６年６月由三个中心参加的随机比较性研究，共随访２４个月，每个中心分别放置γＣｕ３８０与ＴＣｕ３８０ＡＩＵＤ各１００例，共６００例。结果：２４个月末γＣdisplay status     

Pregnancy outcome after hysteroscopic myomectomy

The objective of this longitudinal retrospective study was to evaluate the influence of submucosal myomas on pregnancy outcome in infertile patients after resectoscopic myomectomy. One-hundred and four women with at least a 1-year-long history of infertility and the presence of submucosal myomas as the only cause of infertility were selected after surgical treatment. Pregnancy, delivery and abortion rates were investigated. Patients were divided into three groups according to the myoma classification (G0, G1 and G2). Gestational outcomes were analyzed in the three groups correlated by size, location and number of fibroids. The total pregnancy rate was 85.8% and no difference was shown regarding myoma classification (G0 82.05% versus G1 87.09% versus G2 88.2%; p?=?ns). Pregnancy and delivery rates were not significantly related to the number, localization or diameter of the fibroids. The abortion rate was not statistically influenced by myoma type, but it was significantly interelated with myomas situated in the anterior uterine wall (p?=?0.03). Pre-term delivery was significantly influenced by myomas localized in the fundic wall (p?=?0.02). Caesarean section rates were not affected by the characteristics of the myomas. Our results support the idea that resectoscopic myomectomy should be offered to infertile women who wish to become pregnant independently of their localization and number.     

Injection of embryo culture supernatant to the endometrial cavity does not affect outcomes in IVF/ICSI or oocyte donation cycles: a randomized clinical trial

Objective

To evaluate whether intrauterine injection of embryo culture supernatant before embryo transfer has any impact on pregnancy and implantation rates.

Study design

A total of 400 cycles, of which 200 IVF/ICSI and 200 oocyte donor (OD), were randomly assigned to have their uterine cavity injected (group I) or not (group II). Primary endpoints to be studied were pregnancy and implantation rates.

Results

Clinical pregnancy rate per transfer (47.87%, 90/188 versus 48.45%, 94/194) based on transvaginal scan findings at 7 weeks of gestation and implantation rate (25.6% versus 26.5%) were similar in the two groups. The day of embryo transfer, day 3 or day 5, did not affect the final outcome.

Conclusion

Injection of embryo culture supernatant into the uterine cavity, 30 min before the embryo transfer on either day 3 or 5, neither improves nor adversely affects the pregnancy rate in IVF/ICSI or oocyte donation cycles.     

超排卵对小鼠胚胎着床潜能的影响

目的:比较超排卵对小鼠胚胎着床潜能的影响。方法:建立超排卵周期胚胎和自然周期胚胎受体妊娠小鼠模型,比较妊娠率和胚胎着床率的差异。结果:超排卵周期受体组的妊娠率(20.00%)和胚胎着床率(8.33%)显著低于自然周期组的妊娠率(55.00%)和胚胎着床率(35.00%)。结论:超排卵可能降低胚胎的着床潜能。