彩色多普勒超声检测子宫内膜和内膜下血流评价IVF-ET结局

目的:探讨hCG注射日应用彩色多普勒超声检测子宫内膜和内膜下血流预测IVF-ET的结局。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声检测hCG注射日子宫内膜和内膜下血流分布情况,将115例IVF-ET/ICSI-ET助孕患者分为A组(n=56):子宫内膜和内膜下均有血流通过;B组(n=42):内膜下有血流但内膜没有血流通过;C组(n=17):内膜和内膜下均无血流通过。随访IVF-ET结局,按妊娠与否分为妊娠组(n=53)与非妊娠组(n=62)。比较A、B、C组的临床特征、卵巢反应、内膜厚度及类型和妊娠结局;比较妊娠组与非妊娠组内膜厚度和类型。结果:A、B、C组间的临床特征、卵巢反应差异无统计学意义,内膜厚度C组低于A组和B组(P<0.05),但3组内膜形态比较差异无统计学意义;A、B、C组妊娠率(62.5%、33.3%、23.5%)和种植率(37.9%、18.4%、10.8%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。妊娠组与非妊娠组的内膜厚度及类型比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:hCG注射日应用彩色多普勒超声检测子宫内膜和内膜下血流对IVF-ET的结局有一定的预测价值,是一种较好的、能在临床上普遍开展的无创伤性的预测方法。     

超促排卵与胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性的关系

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中超促排卵与胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性的关系。方法:选择行长方案IVF-ET患者70例,检测自然周期排卵后第3天和超促排卵周期取卵后第3天(即ET日)的子宫内膜厚度和血流状态。按子宫内膜穿支血流显示情况分为3级:Ⅰ级,内膜穿支血流≤2支;Ⅱ级,内膜穿支血流为3~5支;Ⅲ级,内膜穿支血流≥6支。随访IVF-ET结局,分为妊娠组(24例)和非妊娠组(46例)。结果:妊娠组自然周期内膜穿支血流情况与未妊娠组间差异有统计意义(P0.05),而2组间超促排卵周期内膜穿支血流情况差异无统计意义(P0.05)。妊娠组自然周期和超促排卵周期子宫内膜穿支血流情况均较为丰富,差异无统计意义(P0.05);而未妊娠组超促排卵周期子宫内膜穿支血流情况较自然周期丰富,差异有统计意义(P0.01)。自然周期和超促排卵周期子宫内膜血流参数和子宫内膜厚度差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:自然周期内膜穿支血流丰富可能提示较高妊娠率,可作为子宫内膜容受性的参考指标之一。超促排卵可能改变胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性,但尚无影响子宫内膜厚度及血流参数的相关证据。     

IVF-ET中输卵管积水对子宫内膜和内膜下血流的影响

目的:探讨输卵管积水对IVF-ET结局的影响。方法:接受IVF-ET助孕的110例不孕症妇女,根据有无输卵管积水分为积水组(n=48)和对照组(n=62),应用经阴道彩色多普勒超声检测,比较组间子宫动脉血流、内膜形态、内膜和内膜下血流及IVF-ET结局。结果:积水组与对照组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);积水组hCG注射日A型血流(可检测到子宫内膜和内膜下均有血流通过)、三线型内膜比率及妊娠率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),组间子宫动脉血流参数PI、RI和子宫内膜厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:内膜形态的改变及内膜和内膜下血流减少可能是输卵管积水患者在IVF-ET种植率下降的原因。     

阴道超声评估不孕妇女子宫内膜容受性的价值研究

目的:探讨阴道超声评估子宫内膜容受性的价值。方法:对1680例处于排卵期的不孕症患者,应用阴道超声检测卵泡大小、内膜厚度,并按照内膜超声图像分为A、B、C3型,将子宫内膜厚度、类型与妊娠结局进行对照分析。结果:A型内膜占66.07%,妊娠率12.61%;B型内膜占25.00%,妊娠率9.52%;C型内膜占8.93%,妊娠率6.67%。各组成功妊娠的内膜类型以A型为主,占73.68%(140/190)。不同子宫内膜类型的妊娠率差异有统计学意义,两两比较表明,A型妊娠率高于C型(χ2=4.4546,P=0.0348),差异有统计学意义,A型与B型及B型与C型的妊娠率均无统计学差异(χ2值及P值分别为2.8005、0.0942及2.2883、1.1275)。按A型子宫内膜厚度不同分为5组,其中厚度在8～10.9mm妊娠率最高,妊娠例数占总妊娠例数的92.86%(130/140),高于厚度<8mm组和>11mm组,差异有统计学意义。按B型子宫内膜厚度不同分为5组,其中7～8.9mm组妊娠率高于其余各组,差异有统计学意义。结论:子宫内膜适合着床的理想厚度是8～10.9mm,A型内膜更适合着床。阴道B超监测子宫内膜类型与厚度在评估内膜容受性、指导临床调整用药及自然受孕或人工助孕等方面有主要价值。     

手术剥除子宫内膜异位囊肿对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位囊肿手术剥除与否对IVF-ET结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析接受IVF-ET第1周期治疗的305例患者,分成子宫内膜异位囊肿手术组(A组)、子宫内膜异位囊肿未手术组(B组)和管性不孕对照组(C组),采用长、短方案进行超促排卵,比较3组的IVF结局。结果:无论刺激方案如何,A组平均获卵数低于B组与C组(P≤0.001),而FSH用量高于C组(P<0.001),A组妊娠率低于B组,B组妊娠率低于C组(P<0.05)。B组与C组相比,除FSH用量较高(P<0.001)外,获卵数、总胚胎数、优质胚胎率、可利用胚胎数3组间比较无统计学差异。此外,在A组中,手术侧卵巢平均获卵数低于健侧卵巢(P<0.01),且术侧卵巢未获卵的比例达24%。结论:子宫内膜异位囊肿患者IVF结局不良;手术剥除子宫内膜异位囊肿并不能改善IVF结局,反而降低了卵巢反应性。     

机械刺激子宫内膜对内膜形态不良者IVF-ET临床结局的影响

目的:探讨机械刺激子宫内膜对临床结局的影响及机制。方法:选取行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)且其自然月经周期卵泡晚期超声提示子宫内膜形态不良的不育患者63例,随机分为研究组(n=30)和对照组(n=33)。研究组在胚胎移植前1～2周对子宫内膜行机械刺激,对照组未行机械刺激为,统计分析IVF-ET的临床结局。结果:Gn用量、hCG注射日P/E2值、平均获卵数、受精率及移植优质胚胎数组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);研究组子宫内膜形态及子宫内膜和内膜下血流均较对照组有明显改善(P<0.01);研究组的胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),早期流产率明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:机械刺激子宫内膜可能是通过改善子宫内膜形态及子宫内膜和内膜下血流,从而提高胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率,降低早期流产率。     

子宫内膜异位症对体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症对体外受精.胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响.方法对2003年4月至2005年12月69例子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症及同期73例输卵管性不孕症行IVF-ET的患者进行回顾性分析,子宫内膜异位症按照临床病理类型分为A、B两组,A组为卵巢型,B组为腹膜型,随机选同期输卵管性不孕患者为C组,比较A、B、C 3组间的促性腺激素(Gn)的用量、卵子数、受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率和分娩率.结果子宫内膜异位症A、B两组使用Gn总量显著高于C组(P＜0.05),获卵数显著低于C组(P＜0.05),而受精率、临床妊娠率、种植率、分娩率在3组间差异无显著性.结论子宫内膜异位症降低卵巢对超促排卵的反应性使获卵数减少,但不影响IVF-ET的妊娠结局.     

超促排卵与胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性的关系

目的：探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）中超促排卵与胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性的关系。方法：选择行长方案IVF-ET患者70例，检测自然周期排卵后第3天和超促排卵周期取卵后第3天（即ET日）的子宫内膜厚度和血流状态。按子宫内膜穿支血流显示情况分为3级：I级，内膜穿支血流≤2支；II级，内膜穿支血流为3—5支；Ⅲ级，内膜穿支血流≥6支。随访IVF-ET结局，分为妊娠组（24例）和非妊娠组（46例）。结果：妊娠组自然周期内膜穿支血流情况与未妊娠组间差异有统计意义（P〈0．05），而2组间超促排卵周期内膜穿支血流情况差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）。妊娠组自然周期和超促排卵周期子宫内膜穿支血流情况均较为丰富，差异无统计意义（P〉0．05）；而未妊娠组超促排卵周期子宫内膜穿支血流情况较自然周期丰富，差异有统计意义（P〈0．01）。自然周期和超促排卵周期子宫内膜血流参数和子宫内膜厚度差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论：自然周期内膜穿支血流丰富可能提示较高妊娠率，可作为子宫内膜容受性的参考指标之一。超促排卵可能改变胚胎着床前期子宫内膜容受性，但尚无影响子宫内膜厚度及血流参数的相关证据。     

子宫内膜异位症影响体外受精一胚胎移植的具体环节探讨

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症(内异症)对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的影响.方法回顾性分析85例输卵管因素不孕的患者(A组,123个周期)、18例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的患者(B组,25个周期)和16例无卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的内异症患者(C组,20个周期)的获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率等情况.结果B组的获卵数为(7.1±5.9)个,非常显著地少于A组的(11.6±8.4)个和C组的(12.1±7.8)个,P＜0.01;B组和C组的受精率分别为69.5%和70.3%,均显著地低于A组的77.5%,P＜0.05;A、B、C三组的卵裂率、子宫内膜的厚度与类型、胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率均无显著差别.结论子宫内膜异位囊肿影响卵巢对超排卵的反应,内异症影响卵子的受精,但不影响受精卵的分裂、子宫内膜容受力、胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率.     

生长激素在IVF-ET周期子宫内膜发育不良患者中的应用

目的:探讨生长激素(growth hormone,GH)在体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-em-bryo transfer,IVF-ET)治疗中对子宫内膜发育不良者子宫内膜及临床结局的影响。方法:IVF-ET患者共67例,均由于子宫内膜发育不良而致IVF-ET种植失败,再次行IVF-ET治疗时随机分为研究组(加用GH治疗,32例)和对照组(未使用GH治疗,35例),统计分析患者的临床结局。结果:患者Gn用量、平均获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);研究组子宫内膜厚度、形态及子宫内膜和内膜下血流均较对照组有明显改善(P<0.01);研究组的胚胎种植率(31.4%)及临床妊娠率(39.5%)明显高于对照组(15.7%和19.8%)(P<0.01),早期流产率明显减低(14.6%vs 21.4%)(P<0.01)。结论:对内膜发育不良的患者进行IVF-ET治疗时加用GH可能是通过改善子宫内膜对胚胎的容受性,从而提高胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率,降低早期流产率。     

The role of endometrial blood flow measured by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in the prediction of pregnancy during in vitro fertilization treatment

Ultrasound examination of the endometrium is a commonly used non-invasive method to assess endometrial receptivity during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. A good blood supply towards the endometrium is usually considered to be an essential requirement for implantation and therefore assessment of endometrial blood flow in IVF treatment has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Doppler study of uterine arteries does not reflect the actual blood flow to the endometrium. Endometrial and subendometrial blood flows can be more objectively and reliably measured with three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound. However, conflicting results are reported with regard to their role in the prediction of pregnancy in IVF treatment. Relevant studies in the literature differed in patients' characteristics, the day of ultrasound examination and the selection of the subendometrial region. As the degree of change in endometrial perfusion from the late follicular phase to the early luteal phase may be a more important determinant of endometrial receptivity, further studies should be conducted to determine the change in endometrial and subendometrial blood flows from late follicular phase to early luteal phase in order to delineate the role of endometrial and subendometrial blood flows in predicting IVF outcome.     

Detection of endometrial and subendometrial vasculature on the day of embryo transfer and prediction of pregnancy during fresh in vitro fertilization cycles

ObjectivesSuccessful implantation depends on interaction between a blastocyst and a receptive endometrium. Endometrial vasculature is important in the early endometrial response to blastocyst implantation, and vascular changes can affect uterine receptivity. This study aims to investigate whether vascular parameters measured using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D PD-US) could predict pregnancy following fresh in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF–ET) using a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol.Materials and methodsThis prospective observational study enrolled 236 nulliparous women who underwent a first IVF–ET using a GnRH long protocol with stimulation by recombinant FSH (rFSH) from May 2009 to April 2012. After excluding two cases of tubal pregnancy, 234 women were in either a pregnant group (n = 113) or a nonpregnant group (n = 121). Color Doppler ultrasound and 3D PD-US examinations were performed on the day of embryo transfer. Main outcomes were pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) of the uterine artery, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) of the endometrium and subendometrial region. Measurements were analyzed relative to IVF–ET outcome (pregnant vs. nonpregnant).ResultsNo significant differences were observed in patient age, infertility duration, body mass index (BMI), basal FSH levels, number of retrieved oocytes or good quality embryos, or endometrial thickness or volume between the two groups. The pregnant group had higher endometrial VI, FI, and VFI scores than the nonpregnant group (p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.021, respectively). By contrast, neither subendometrial region VI, FI, and VFI scores (p = 0.770, p = 0.252, p = 0.451), nor uterine artery PI, RI, or S/D scores (p = 0.256, p = 0.527, p = 0.365) differed between groups. Cut-off values of endometrial VI, FI, and VFI scores were 0.95, 12.94, and 0.15 for pregnancy achievement.ConclusionThree dimensional PD-US was a useful and effective method for assessing endometrial blood flow in IVF cycles. Good endometrial blood flow on the day of embryo transfer might be associated with high pregnancy success with a GnRH long protocol, because this is indicative of endometrial receptivity in fresh IVF cycles.     

Detection of the subendometrial vascularization flow index by three-dimensional ultrasound may be useful for predicting the pregnancy rate for patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

OBJECTIVE: To obtain quantitative data on endometrial volume and subendometrial blood flow by three-dimensional ultrasound clue to endometrial receptivity. DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. SETTING: One tertiary center for assisted reproduction. PATIENT(S): Fifty-four patients aged <38 years with normal basal serum FSH level experiencing their first IVF cycle, whose uteri were morphologically normal as confirmed by 3-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound, were studied. INTERVENTION(S): Ultrasound evaluation was performed for all patients with 3-D facility by a single operator on the day of hCG administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ultrasonographic parameters and conception rates. RESULT(S): Subendometrial vascularization flow index (VFI) in predicting the pregnancy rate of IVF was superior to that using vascularization index, flow index, or endometrial volume in the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. The best prediction rate was achieved by a VFI cutoff value of >0.24. CONCLUSION(S): The detection of subendometrial blood flow by 3-D power Doppler ultrasound may be a useful ultrasound parameter in the prediction of pregnancy rate of IVF, especially subendometrial VFI.     

经阴道彩色多普勒监测子宫血流动力学变化评价IVF-ET中子宫内膜接受性

目的:探讨双侧子宫血流动力学参数变化在评价移植前子宫内膜接受性的价值。方法:在本中心就诊的104例不孕症妇女,根据hCG注射日子宫内膜厚度、妊娠与否将病人分组后,使用经阴道彩色多普勒超声测量子宫动脉血流的阻力指数、搏动指数,比较各参数在不同组间的差异。结果:hCG注射日子宫动脉PI和RI越高,子宫内膜越薄。妊娠组PI和RI显著低于非妊娠组。根据hCG注射日子宫动脉RI将病人分为0.61-0.80和0.81-0.93两组,比较两组妊娠率分别为48.08%和15.38%。结论:子宫动脉血流参数PI、RI对IVF璄T结局是有效的预测指标。     

Assessment of endometrial receptivity using Doppler ultrasonography in infertile women undergoing intrauterine insemination

Objective: The aim of this study was assessment of subendometrial blood flow with Doppler ultrasonography as an indicator of endometrial receptivity in stimulated cycles for intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Patients and methods: This prospective study enrolled 90 women scheduled for IUI after ovarian stimulation randomly assigned to one of the three equal groups; group (C) received Clomiphene citrate, group (H) received HMG and group (CH) received Clomiphene citrate in addition to HMG. All participants had ultrasound folliculometry starting on day 9, followed by transvaginal Doppler study of the subendometrial blood flow and perifollicular blood flow on the day of detecting at least one follicle >18?mm. Resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of subendometrial and perifollicular flow were measured. Endometrial thickness was measured on day of hCG injection.

Results: Group (H) showed significantly higher frequency of subendometrial flow (80%) compared to the other two groups (p?=?0.009). In cases of positive subendometrial flow, the RI and PI were significantly lower in group (H) compared to the other two groups (p?=?0.007 and 0.012, respectively). Endometrial thickness was significantly lower in group (C) compared to group (H) (p?p?p?=?0.372). Subendometrial indices and perifollicular RI were significantly lower in cases of successful implantation, while endometrium was significantly thicker in these cases (p?Conclusion: The presence of subendometrial flow is associated with successful IUI in women under stimulated cycles undergoing IUI. HMG seems a superior option for induction of ovulation regarding success of implantation.     

Cycle-to-cycle variation in utero-ovarian hemodynamic indices in ovarian stimulation and natural cycles of the same women and its effect on the outcome of assisted reproduction treatment

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the blood flow parameters between cycles of the same women to assess whether parameters predicting a successful pregnancy in a stimulation cycle could be used to determine the outcome of subsequent natural cycles. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: Assisted reproduction unit, the University of Hong Kong. PATIENT(S): Fifty-eight IVF cycles and 40 natural cycles were evaluated. INTERVENTION(S): Assessments of the utero-ovarian pulsatility indices (PIs), resistance indices (RIs), and endometrial color signals. RESULT(S): In IVF cycles, the pregnancy rate (27%) was similar to that in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) (28%) cycles. The utero-ovarian PIs and RIs in IVF cycles were significantly lower than those in the natural cycles. There was a significant correlation between the uterine PI in stimulation cycles and that in natural cycles. In IVF cycles, the pregnancy rate declined significantly when the uterine PI was >2.70 and the RI was >0.9. In FET cycles, no decline in pregnancy rate was seen. Conceptional FET cycles showed significantly higher uterine PI, uterine RI, and endometrial color signals compared with conceptional IVF cycles. CONCLUSION(S): Hemodynamic parameters in stimulation cycles are different from those in natural cycles, and the values of various parameters in predicting pregnancy are also different.     

Evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial vascularity in obese women with polycystic ovarian disease

Introduction

The study aims to evaluate the effect of obesity on the endometrium in women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) through evaluation of endometrial and subendometrial vascularity by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound, Doppler and three dimensional power Doppler (3DPD).

经阴道彩色超声监测卵巢血流动力学变化评价IVF-ET中卵巢反应性和结局

目的:探讨监测双侧卵巢血流动力学参数变化在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)过程中评价卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的价值。方法:对在本中心进行IVF-ET的97例不孕症妇女,使用经阴道彩色多普勒超声成像技术(TV-CDS)测量控制性超排卵(COH)周期的月经d2、d7、hCG注射日、取卵日、移植日卵巢基质血流的阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)。根据获卵总数、用药天数、是否妊娠等指标将病人分组后,比较各参数在不同组间的差异。结果:①在COH周期中PI、RI呈下降趋势,但各取样日的差异无统计学意义;②月经d2PI、RI在卵巢高、中、低反应组病人中差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);③卵巢基质血流PI越高,用药天数越长(P<0.05);④PI、RI在妊娠组显著低于非妊娠组;月经d2PI值在0.50-0.75和0.76-0.95的两组病人妊娠率分别为51.6%和19.7%,差异有统计学意义。结论:月经d2卵巢基质血流PI、RI是卵巢反应性和IVF-ET结局的有效预测指标。