妊娠期梅毒86例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期梅毒的临床特点及其对妊娠和围生儿的不良影响。方法:对我院2006年1月至2010年6月收治的妊娠期梅毒86例(早期梅毒61例;晚期潜伏梅毒6例;病期不明潜伏梅毒19例)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:主动要求人工流产2例,选择自然分娩31例,剖宫产53例。共分娩84例新生儿,其中先天梅毒儿2例,新生儿血清梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)均为阴性30例,新生儿血清TPPA阳性、RPR阴性41例,新生儿血清TPPA、RPR均为阳性(滴度均为1∶8以下)11例。52例血清TPPA阳性新生儿经1～6个月随访均自行转阴,先天梅毒儿经治疗及随访未发现异常。结论:加强产前检查,可以及时发现妊娠期梅毒,妊娠期梅毒经积极治疗可获得较好的妊娠结局。     

妊娠合并梅毒孕期规范治疗后新生儿梅毒血清学的变化特点及转归

目的 了解妊娠合并梅毒孕母所生新生儿梅毒血清学变化特点,初步探讨影响婴儿梅毒血清学转归的因素.方法 选择我院2006年1月至2008年1月经孕期规范治疗后的146例单胎妊娠合并梅毒的孕妇,孕妇产前和新生儿生后3 d内行快速血浆反应素试验(rapid plasma reagin,RPR)及梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay,TPPA).随访了其中92例婴儿生后24个月内RPR及TPPA的情况.结果 (1)146例新生儿中,140例(95.9%)TPPA阳性,其中94例(90.4%)新生儿期RPR滴度低于或等同于母亲产前RPR滴度;104例(71.2%)RPR和TPPA均为阳性,36例(24.7%)新生儿为TPPA单阳性.RPR和TPPA双阳性母亲的新生儿RPR阳性比例明显高于TPPA单阳性母亲新生儿(81.4%和36.4%,χ2=25.3,P<0.01).(2)随访的92例婴儿中,出生时RPR及TPPA双阳性者57例,56例(98.2%)的RPR在生后6个月内转阴,8个月内100%转阴,转阴高峰为生后2个月(78.9%,45例);TPPA在生后24个月内100%转阴.转阴高峰为生后10～18个月(64.9%,37例).TPPA单阳性的35例婴儿中,18个月内TPPA 100%转阴,转阴高峰在生后6～12个月(57.1%,20例).(3)母亲产前RPR滴度为1:1～1:4时,其婴儿RPR转阴时间晚于母亲RPR阴性者(P<0.05),1;4组为(2.5±0.8)月,长于1:1组的(1.2±0.4)月(P<0.01);但母亲产前RPR滴度与婴儿生后TPPA转阴时间无关(P>0.05).新生儿期的RPR滴度为1:4时,婴儿RPR转阴所需时间晚于1:1的新生儿[(3.7±0.9)月和(2.3±0.6)月,P<0.01];RPR滴度为1:1～1:4的新生儿,婴儿期TPPA转阴所需时间均晚于RPR阴性组[(11.0±2.2)月、(12.2±2.9)月、(11.2±2.8)月和(6.9±2.1)月,P<0.01)].结论 妊娠合并梅毒孕妇孕期规范治疗后分娩的新生儿梅毒血清学检测大部分仍呈阳性,母亲产前或分娩时静脉血RPR滴度高的婴儿,其阳性持续时间可能较长,但均能在生后一定时间内转阴.建议对梅毒血清学阳性新生儿生后长期随访,诊断先天性梅毒应慎重.     

143例妊娠期梅毒患者妊娠结局及婴幼儿结局研究CSCD

目的 探讨如何促进区域内妊娠期梅毒管理质量的提升。方法 收集2013年1月至2019年12月在上海市宝山区妊娠期梅毒诊断、治疗和随访数据。按初诊非梅毒螺旋体血清学试验滴度(RPR),将其分为高滴度组和低滴度组,分析妊娠期、妊娠结局、婴幼儿的情况;按治疗情况,分为规范足疗程组、未规范治疗组,分析妊娠期情况、妊娠结局及婴幼儿随访结局。结果 本区7年共发生妊娠梅毒143例,占产妇数的0.23%。平均年龄(29.71±5.52)岁。本市户籍36.36%;外省户籍63.64%。初中以下学历42.66%;高中学历35.66%;大学以上21.68%。妊娠梅毒数量整体呈逐年上升趋势(P <0.05)。在以滴度情况分组中,妊娠期产科并发症及合并症发生率高滴度组高于低滴度组(P <0.05)。按治疗情况分组,孕产期产科并发症及合并症发生率,规范足疗程组明显低于未规范治疗组(P <0.05)。结论 应加强对流动人群妊娠梅毒的管理,做好新生儿随访。     

妊娠合并梅毒患者的母婴传播规律与干预方法

目的探讨妊娠合并梅毒患者的母婴传播规律与干预方法。方法对确诊的847例妊娠合并梅毒孕妇进行孕期干预,孕早期3个月内（或）一经确诊梅毒、及孕晚期3个月时各行抗梅毒治疗1个疗程共计2个疗程。以普鲁卡因青霉素80万U／d,肌内注射,连续10～15d;路远不便者用苄星青霉素240万U,分两侧臀部注射,1次／周,连续3次为1个疗程。对青霉素过敏者改用红霉素治疗,每次0．5g口服,4次／d,连续15d为1个疗程。随访并观察其妊娠结局。新生儿进行快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验（RPR）及梅毒密螺旋体血凝试验（TPHA）确诊检查,对其中RPR及TPHA阳性的新生儿进行干预,以普鲁卡因青霉素5万U·kg^-1·d^-1,肌内注射,连续10～15d。并于出生后3、6、9、12、24个月复查静脉血RPR。结果（1）847例妊娠合并梅毒孕妇中,已分娩772例,活产新生儿733例,行RPR检查626例,新生儿RPR阳性率为55．1％（345／626）。（2）RPR滴度≥1：8的孕妇分娩的新生儿RPR阳性率、围产儿死亡率、早产率、低出生体重儿发生率均高于RPR滴度〈1：8的孕妇（P〈0．01）。（3）新生儿RPR阳性率与孕妇治疗时机：①孕前抗梅毒治疗孕妇与孕前未抗梅毒治疗孕妇的新生儿RPR阳性率分别为22．4％（15／67）和49．6％（330／666,P〈0．01）;②孕前抗梅毒治疗孕妇与孕期抗梅毒治疗孕妇的新生儿RPR阳性率分别为22．4％（15／67）和40．3％（240／595,P〈0．05）;③孕早、晚期各抗梅毒治疗1个疗程与仅孕晚期抗梅毒治疗1个疗程比较,新生儿RPR阳性率分别为28．5％（45／158）和56．9％（95／167,P〈0．01）。孕中、晚期各抗梅毒治疗1个疗程者与仅孕晚期抗梅毒治疗1个疗程者比较,新生儿RPR阳性率分别为37．0％（100／270）和56．9％（95／167,P〈0．05）。（4）RPR阳性新生儿随访至出生后24个月时全部转为阴性。结论妊娠合并梅毒孕妇的母婴传播率、围产儿预后与孕妇RPR滴度、治疗时机有关;孕前抗梅毒治疗孕妇的新生儿RPR阳性率明显低于孕前未抗梅毒治疗者;治疗后妊娠是阻断母婴传播的有力措施。     

妊娠合并梅毒53例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并梅毒的妊娠结局以及治疗时间与先天梅毒儿发生的关系。方法:对我院53例妊娠合并梅毒孕产妇分为两组:治疗组32例,行全疗程抗梅毒治疗;未治疗组21例,孕期从未接受过抗梅毒治疗。再将治疗组接受治疗的时间分为孕25周前及孕25周后,比较两组先天梅毒儿发生情况。结果:①治疗组、未治疗组发生先天梅毒儿分别为8例(25.0%)、11例(73.3%);发生难免流产、死胎、早产、死产分别为0例、9例(42.9%),两组比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。②治疗组25孕周前、后治疗例数及先天梅毒儿发生分别是:18例、3例(3/18,16.7%);14例、5例(5/14,35.7%)。结论:妊娠合并梅毒患者有不良妊娠结局,但在孕早期行规范的抗梅毒治疗,能减少流产、早产、死胎及先天梅毒儿的发生,降低围生儿的死亡率。     

妊娠合并梅毒的临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并梅毒的临床分期特点及妊娠结局,降低先天梅毒的发生率。方法 根据妊娠期是否行全疗程抗梅毒治疗,将64例经血清学检查确诊为梅毒的孕妇分为两组：治疗组31例,行全疗程抗梅毒治疗,应用苄星青霉素240万单位肌内注射,每周1次连续3周;未治疗组33例,未能行全疗程抗梅毒治疗。比较两组孕妇的妊娠结局。结果（1）64例妊娠合并梅毒患者中,一期5例（7．8％）、二期29例（45．3％）及潜伏梅毒30例（46．9％）;其中治疗组分别为4例、20例及7例,未治疗组分别为1例、9例及23例。（2）治疗组孕妇早产、死胎、死产均为0,新生儿先天梅毒为3例（9．7％）。未治疗组早产4例（12．1）,死胎11例（33．3）,死产3例（9．1）,新生儿先天梅毒10例（30．3）,两组比较,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论 （1）妊娠合并梅毒患者的临床分期以潜伏梅毒为主,由于症状及体征不明显,容易误诊。因此,对梅毒高危妇的常规梅毒筛查特别重要。（2）妊娠合并梅毒患者有不良妊娠结局,但在妊娠期行规范并及早的抗梅毒治疗,能很好地控制早产、死胎,但不能明显降低新生儿先天梅毒的发生。     

未行被动免疫治疗已致敏的RhD阴性血型孕妇围产儿结局分析

目的:探讨未行被动免疫治疗已致敏的RhD阴性血型孕妇所娩的新生儿的围产情况。方法:选择2012年1月至2017年3月四川大学华西第二医院收治的83例未行被动免疫治疗已致敏(即抗D抗体阳性)RhD阴性血型孕妇为研究对象,收集其相应临床资料,采取回顾性分析法对不同抗D抗体滴度、不同孕产史及ABO血型是否相合的新生儿围产情况进行分析。结果:①42例(50.60%)孕妇所娩新生儿发生Rh溶血病(Rh-HDN),15例(18.07%)新生儿因Rh-HDN病情严重行换血治疗;83例孕妇分娩前抗D抗体滴度与Rh-HDN发生率、新生儿输血率、新生儿换血治疗率呈正相关(r=0.499,P0.001;r=0.574;P0.001;r=0.432,P0.01),抗D抗体滴度≥1∶128者新生儿Rh-HDN发生率为100.00%(30/30),抗D抗体滴度≥1∶512时新生儿因严重Rh-HDN换血治疗率高达61.54%(8/13);②在初次妊娠、仅有流产史、有生产史孕妇中分娩新生儿Rh-HDN发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),但新生儿行换血治疗率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);③83例孕妇新生儿Rh-HDN发生率、新生儿换血治疗率在合并母婴ABO血型相合与不相合中差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:未行被动免疫已致敏Rh阴性孕妇所娩新生儿Rh-HDN的发生及病情严重程度与孕期母体抗D抗体滴度、母体孕产史等密切有关,孕期监测抗体滴度及严密监护胎儿情况,有助于降低新生儿病率及死亡率,改善其围产结局。     

妊娠期抗梅毒治疗后新生儿先天梅毒

青霉素可通过胎盘预防98％以上的先天梅毒,对胎儿无毒副作用,是预防先天梅毒的理想抗生素。研究分析妊娠合并梅毒在妊娠期经过抗梅毒治疗后新生儿先天梅毒的母婴特征。对1982年1月～1998年12月间Dallas县医院围产保健和分娩病例回顾分析。妊娠期抗梅毒治疗后出生的先天梅毒儿为病例组,接诊断时梅毒期别和开始治疗时的妊娠周以1:1配对选择妊娠期接受治疗未发生先天梅毒者为对照组。妊娠合并梅毒治疗方案符合1998年美国疾病控制中心(COC)的标准,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期梅毒及早期潜伏梅毒(病程<1年):苄星青霉素G 240万U,肌内注射,在治疗后1周再次肌内注射同剂量苄星青霉素G1次;晚期潜伏期、潜伏期不清或晚期梅毒:苄星青霉素,肌内注射,240万U/周,共3次;按1998年CDC方案检查和诊断先天梅毒。     

梅毒患者妊娠相关问题

妊娠合并梅毒未经治疗可导致自然流产、死产、非免疫性胎儿水肿、早产和新生儿先天梅毒。对所有孕妇在早孕检查时做梅毒血清学筛查并对妊娠合并梅毒患者及时规范治疗对预防先天梅毒极其重要。     

母婴规范诊治对先天性梅毒疑似患儿RPR转变的影响

目的观察母婴规范诊治对新生儿先天性梅毒疑似患儿防治方式的影响。方法将梅毒孕妇所产在本科接受诊疗随访的先天性梅毒疑似患儿25例分为观察组（孕妇规范治疗组）19例与对照组（未规范治疗）6例,比较两组患儿生后快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验（RPR）的转变情况。结果两组患儿RPR均出现阴转,但观察组患儿转阴时间更短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论规范治疗梅毒孕妇,所产疑似先天性梅毒患儿RPR阴转快,预后良好。     

妊娠合并梅毒患者的治疗与围产儿预后的关系

目的 了解妊娠合并梅毒患者的抗梅毒治疗对改善围产儿预后的效果。方法 对海南省人民医院及海口市妇幼保健院1995年1月至2001年1月间,妊娠合并梅毒患者进行回顾性临床分析。根据是否抗梅毒治疗。将妊娠合并梅毒患者分为治疗组与非治疗组,治疗组患者行青霉素治疗,非治疗组患者未进行抗梅毒治疗。结果 6年间两家医院分娩总人数为18701例,接受梅毒筛查者9805例,妊娠合并梅毒患者61例,发生率为6．2‰,治疗组与非治疗组围产儿死亡率分别为11．1％及83．3％,先天梅毒分别为17．6％及72．1％。结论 妊娠期梅毒是危害围产儿的严重合并症;孕期梅毒筛查是诊断的必要手段。孕期有效的青霉素治疗,将降低围产儿死亡率及先天梅毒的发生。     

143例妊娠期梅毒患者妊娠结局及婴幼儿结局研究

Objective?To improve the management quality of syphilis during pregnancy in the region. Methods?Data of pregnant women with syphilis infection were collected in Baoshan District of Shanghai from Jan 2013 to Dec 2019. According to the titer classification of rapid plasma regain (RPR) of the first medical visit, all the pregnant women were divided into high titer group and low titer group, and their pregnancy and infant outcome were analyzed. According to the treatment, all the cases were divided into standard treatment group and non-standard treatment group, to analyze the outcome of pregnancy and infants. Results?A total of 143 cases of pregnant women infected with syphilis were collected. The prevalence was 0.23%. Their average age was (29.71±5.52) years old. Only 36.36% of them were Shanghai residents. The education level of the patients showed that 42.66% of all were lower than junior high school, 35.66% were senior high school, 21.68% were Bachelor`s degree or more. The prevalence of pregnant women infected with syphilis were rising during the seven years (P<0.05).The prevalence of obstetric complications of the high titer group was higher than the low titer group (P<0.05). The prevalence of obstetric complications of the standard treatment group was lower than the non-standard treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion?It should be strengthen that the quality of management and follow-up of pregnant women with syphilis infection and their infants.     

Retrospective analysis of the serologic response to the treatment of syphilis during pregnancy

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of several maternal variables on the serologic response following the treatment of syphilis in pregnancy.Methods: A 5-year chart review identified 95 patients coded with syphilis at Hermann Hospital. Inclusion criteria were 1) serologically confirmed syphilis infection during the index pregnancy, 2) complete treatment during the index pregnancy, and 3) minimum of one follow-up rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer. Forty-nine of 95 patients met the inclusion criteria. Treatment response was evaluated by comparing each post-treatment titer of a patient to her pretreatment titer. Each comparison was considered an "observation." Each observation was classified as either a positive response (>/=4-fold titer decline) or a negative response (<4-fold titer decline). Maternal variables assessed included 1) prior history of syphilis untreated or incompletely treated prior to the index pregnancy, 2) gestational age, 3) titer level, 4) unknown duration, 5) positive response at 1 month, 6) positive response at 2 months, 7) positive response at >3 months, and 8) race.Results: A positive response following treatment was significantly more likely if there was no prior history of syphilis or if there was a high initial RPR titer (>32). Only 33/54 (61%) observations at or greater than 3 months had a positive response.Conclusions: Our study suggests that an absence of a history of syphilis and an initial high RPR titer are predictive of a positive response following appropriate treatment. Given the low percentage of observations with a positive response at 3 months, we speculate that we may be undertreating our pregnant patients with syphilis infection.     

妊娠期妇女人细小病毒B19感染与死胎及胎儿畸形关系的研究

目的　了解妊娠期妇女人细小病毒B19（humanparvovirusB19,简称B19）感染与死胎及胎儿畸形的关系。方法　采用前瞻性的研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术对335例孕妇血清进行B19DNA检测,并随访其妊娠结局。结果　在335例孕妇中,血清B19DNA阳性67例,B19DNA阴性268例。其中在67例B19DNA阳性者中,发生4例死胎和1例无脑儿,在268例B19DNA阴性者中,无一例发生死胎和胎儿畸形,阳性与阴性者间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两者正常分娩的新生儿外观均无异常。结论　妊娠期妇女感染B19可导致死胎和胎儿畸形发生。     

Diagnostic value of anti-microbial peptide,cathelicidin in congenital pneumonia

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of anti-microbial peptide (cathelicidin), LL-37, in congenital pneumonia and its relation to 25 hydroxycholecalciferol [(25 OH)D] status.

Methods: The study included 30 neonates with congenital pneumoniaandculture proven sepsis admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Ain Shams University and 30 healthy neonates as control group. All neonates were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and measurement of serum 25(OH)D and cathelicidin.

Results: Neonates with congenital pneumonia had significantly higher serum cathelicidin and lower serum 25(OH)D compared to controls. Serum cathelicidin was negatively correlated with Apgar score at 1 and 5?min and positively correlated with length of stay among patient group.

Conclusion: Cut-off value of cathelicidin to diagnose congenital pneumonia was 17?pg/mmol with 93% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Neonates with congenital pneumonia had significantly high cathelicidin and low 25(OH)D suggesting a possible role of fetal 25(OH)D deficiency as predisposing factor for congenital pneumonia.     

Syphilis in pregnancy in Tuscany,description of a case series from a global health perspective

Objective: To estimate the epidemiological impact of syphilis in pregnancy and congenital syphilis in Tuscany and to better delineate their determinants in this region. Methods: Features of pregnant women with syphilis attending the Tuscany Reference Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy between 2000 and 2010 and their infants were retrospectively reviewed. Results: One hundred and eighty-seven pregnancies were observed. The number of pregnancies evaluated increased steadily from 24 in 2000–2002 to 70 in 2009–2010. The majority of women were Italian (20.32%) and East European (44.39%). Eight cases of congenital syphilis were diagnosed (5.60% of pregnancies with known outcome). Italian women had more often an early stage of syphilis (11.76 vs. 1.34%; p = 0.016), an rapid plasma regain (RPR) title ≥ 1:8 (15.79 vs. 5.37%; p = 0.041) and a partner with positive test (60.00 vs. 21.69%; p < 0.001) compared with migrant women. Migrant women received treatment after the first trimester more often compared with Italian ones (40.94 vs. 18.42%; p = 0.013). Conclusions: Syphilis in pregnancy is emerging in Tuscany. Italian and migrant women with syphilis show two different “risk patterns” of vertical transmission. An additional screening test for syphilis in the third trimester and educational campaigns about maternal and sexual health could be effective in combating congenital syphilis in Italy.     

Características epidemiológicas de la sífilis congénita en Gran Canaria. ¿Es necesario el cribado?

Objectives

To determine the incidence of syphilis infection in pregnant women and neonates and to identify the social and epidemiological characteristics of pregnant women with a diagnosis of syphilis, as well as the risk factors for congenital syphilis in Gran Canaria.

Method

A case-control study was performed over a 6-year period (January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1999). The study was performed using controls (mother-child pairs) to evaluate differences in sociocultural and health characteristics, prenatal care, toxic substance abuse before and during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and delivery. For the comparison of variables, Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon’s test and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used. The evolution of syphilis rates in pregnant women and of congenital syphilis was analyzed through a Poisson regression model.

Results

The incidence of women with syphilis during pregnancy was stable. Prenatal care was adequate in 98% of the women in the control group and in only 66% of mothers with syphilis during pregnancy (p < 0.0001). Factors associated with infection were drug abuse and having a history of prior sexually transmitted diseases. Pregnant women with syphilis had shorter pregnancies (1 week less, on average) than women in the control group and a higher rate of prematurity.

Conclusions

The incidence of syphilis in our environment is particularly high: 3.38 cases per thousand inhabitants. Among maternal characteristics, the main independent risk factors for syphilis infection during pregnancy were drug abuse during pregnancy and having a history of prior sexually transmitted diseases.