促性腺激素释放激素激动剂触发排卵的临床观察

目的:探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)触发排卵的疗效。方法:对应用氯米芬(CC)、来曲唑(LE)和/或人绝经期促性腺激素(hMG)促排卵治疗的不孕患者,卵泡成熟时给与GnRH-a(A组)或人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)(B组)触发排卵,卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)高危周期则给予GnRH-a,观察比较其临床结局。结果:共分析了81例患者132个促排卵周期,A、B组周期数分别为75和57,组间周期排卵率、多胎率、流产率相似(P>0.05)。周期临床妊娠率、OHSS发生率A组高于B组(P<0.05),无重度OHSS发生。结论:GnRH-a触发排卵临床妊娠率高,可有效预防重度OHSS的发生。     

戈那瑞林(GnRH)在多囊卵巢综合征患者中的促排卵作用

目的:探讨国产戈那瑞林(GnRH)预防多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕患者中促排卵后卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生的临床价值。方法:PCOS不孕患者14例,常规使用氯米氛和hMG/FSH促进卵泡发育,当卵泡直径≥18mm时给予戈那瑞林100μg(皮下注射)诱发排卵,指导当天同房;阴道超声证实排卵后给予黄体酮20mg/d肌注,16d后复诊。观察排卵率、妊娠率、OHSS和多胎妊娠的发生率。结果:排卵率85.7%,妊娠率50%,其中1例多胎妊娠出现中度OHSS,但无重度OHSS的发生。结论:戈那瑞林(GnRH)可降低PCOS患者诱发排卵时中、重度OHSS的发生。     

GnRHa代替hCG诱发排卵以预防卵巢过度刺激综合征

在无排卵不育和应用助孕技术（ＡＲＴ）者,用ｈＭＧ或ＦＳＨ促超排卵治疗有发生ＯＨＳＳ危险时,采用ＧｎＲＨａ代替ｈＣＧ可诱导卵泡最终成熟和排卵,并有效减少ＯＨＳＳ发４生。与ｈＣＧ相比,排卵率,妊娠率相似,多胎率减少,而卵子数量和质量无影响,但黄体期血Ｅ２和Ｐ水平较低,可能出现黄体功能不足,使流产率增加,应适当进行黄体支持治疗。     

黄体期促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂在防治卵巢过度刺激综合征的应用进展

卵巢过度刺激综合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)是辅助生殖技术(ART)相关的并发症,是以卵巢体积增大、毛细血管通透性增加、体液外渗为特征的一个系统性综合征。目前已知许多可预测OHSS发生的高危因素并给予预防措施,但因其病因尚未明确,临床表现形式多样,给临床干预和治疗带来了不少困难。近年来有文献报道,ART取卵后黄体期应用促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist,Gn RH-A)能预防和治疗OHSS。本文将综述黄体期应用G n R H-A在防治O H S S的作用。     

卵巢过度刺激综合征43例临床分析

目的 总结卵巢过度刺激综合征的临床表现及相应的治疗对策。方法 回顾分析４３例ＯＨＳＳ的临床资料。结果 ＯＨＳＳ绝大多数发生在促卵治疗后,临床表现主要为腹胀、恶心、腹水、胸水,水肿,尿少,血液浓缩,低蛋白血症,水电解质及酸碱平衡失调,氮质血症,经严密监护,输白蛋白或血浆、扩容及放腹水等症治疗后治愈。结论 ＯＨＳＳ在严密监护下,经相应的对症治疗可治愈。     

重组人促卵泡激素低剂量递增方案联合宫腔内人工授精临床分析

目的:探讨重组人促卵泡激素(rhFSH)低剂量递增方案联合宫腔内人工授精(IUI)临床效果及卵巢反应预测因子。方法:选择多囊卵巢综合征、WHO II型排卵障碍及不明原因不孕患者60例,采用rhFSH(果纳芬)低剂量递增方案促排卵联合IUI,分析妊娠率、多胎妊娠率、卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率,并对卵巢反应预测因子加以分析。结果:①临床妊娠率28.21%,双胎妊娠率9.09%,流产率18.18%,促排卵过程中发生OHSS(轻度)1例,无三胎及以上妊娠。②促排卵成功患者与卵巢反应不良患者在体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、窦卵泡数(AFC)、rhFSH总剂量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:rhFSH低剂量递增方案可以使排卵障碍特别是对其他促排卵药物抵抗患者获得较好的妊娠结局,促排卵结局可能受患者体质量、BMI、AFC等因素影响。     

促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂联合卵巢温和刺激在辅助生殖领域的应用价值探讨

促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(GnRH-ant)可与垂体GnRH受体竞争性结合,用于超促排卵中可有效阻止早发LH峰的出现。GnRH-ant的作用特点是用药初期无激发效应,用药后保留垂体对GnRH的反应性,且抑制作用呈剂量-效应相关性,上述特点可使促排卵计划更加灵活。国内外学者对GnRH-ant联合卵巢温和刺激方案进行研究发现,其与临床上常用的黄体中期降调节长方案相比,前者在不降低妊娠率、不影响卵子和胚胎质量、不增加胎儿畸形风险的基础上,还具有以下优势:减少Gn用量,降低治疗费用;降低OHSS风险;缩短治疗周期,减轻患者心理负担。因此,GnRH-ant联合卵巢温和刺激方案可作为体外受精-胚胎移植促排卵时的可靠选择。本文就GnRH-ant的作用机制和特点以及联合卵巢温和刺激在临床上的应用价值及优势进行了综述。     

放弃治疗的153个促排卵周期的临床后果分析

目的 了解促排卵过程中因过激反应或促排卵失败而放弃治疗周期的临床后果。方法 对放弃治疗的促排卵周期继续进行观察和回访，并进行分类分析。结果 153个放弃治疗的促排卵周期，因有过激反应的86个周期（56．2％），因促卵失败的67个周期（44．8％）。因宵过激反应而放弃治疗的86个周期，出现9例妊娠（10．5％），2例多胎妊娠（2．3％），5例卵巢过度刺激综合征（5．8％）。因促排卵失败而放弃治疗的67个周期，出现妊娠2例（3．0％），无多胎妊娠和卵巢过度刺激综合征出现。结论 临床因卵巢过激反应而放弃治疗的周期，还存在一定的妊娠率，但同时也存在一定的多胎妊娠和卵巢过度刺激综合征的风险。因促卵失败而放弃治疗的周期，也有一定的妊娠率，但无多胎妊娠和卵巢过度刺激综合征的风险。     

PCOS患者控制性超排卵方案的选择及比较

PCOS是一种异质性疾病,具有多种表型,对促排卵药物反应异常,目前超排卵方案和超排卵药物多种多样,选择合适的控制性超排卵方案是PCOS患者获得ART成功的关键。     

低剂量重组人促卵泡刺激素(rFSH)递增方案诱导排卵的多中心前瞻性研究

目的:探讨在低剂量重组人促卵泡刺激素(rFSH)递增方案诱导排卵中临床结局的预测因子。方法:总结全国22家生殖中心对WHO II型无排卵为主要不孕原因的患者使用低剂量rFSH递增方案共433个诱导排卵周期中418个符合疗效分析的周期的临床妊娠率、单卵泡发生率、周期取消率、卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率;比较37.5 IU和75.0 IU不同rFSH启动剂量的临床、实验室结局,分析单卵泡发育、卵巢诱导成功、周期取消与年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、卵巢储备等预测因子间的关系。结果:①所有对象临床妊娠率为17.94%,单卵泡发育率为57.66%,OHSS发生率为2.31%,多胎妊娠率为0.23%,周期取消率为12.68%;②果纳芬(rFSH)平均治疗天数为12.7±5.6 d,平均总使用剂量为813.8±480.4 IU,平均阈剂量为73.0±29.7 IU;其中75.12%的患者总使用剂量1 000 IU,73.68%的人群刺激天数在5~15 d之间;③启动剂量为37.5 IU者较启动剂量为75 IU者的卵巢诱导时间明显增加(14.1±5.6 d vs 10.9±4.9 d,P=0.000),果纳芬总使用剂量明显减少(767.0±495.0 IU vs879.1±542.7 IU,P=0.000),单卵泡发育率明显增加(62.30%vs 51.15%,P=0.027),周期取消率明显升高(17.62%vs 5.75%,P=0.000);OHSS发生率无明显差异(2.87%vs 1.72%,P=0.532),临床妊娠率和生化妊娠率亦无统计学差异(P0.05);④不同阈剂量下临床妊娠率和生化妊娠率均无统计学差异(P0.05);体质量≥70 kg时阈剂量明显增加;⑤周期取消的预测因素与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.169,OR=0.845,95%CI=0.744~0.960,P=0.010),与既往诱导排卵周期数呈正相关(r=-0.240,OR=1.271,95%CI=1.093~1.478,P=0.002)。结论:低剂量递增方案诱导排卵可以取得较高的单卵泡发育率和临床妊娠率,且降低并发症发生率。不同启动剂量与刺激天数和总使用剂量相关,但对临床结局无明显影响;周期取消可能与年龄和既往诱导排卵周期有关。     

Low Multiple Pregnancy Rates and Reduced Frequency of Cancellation After Ovulation Induction with Gonadotropins, If Eventual Supernumerary Follicles Are Aspirated to Prevent Polyovulation

Purpose: Our purpose was to demonstrate the feasibility of the routine aspiration of supernumerary follicles in infertile patients with imminent polyovulation after ovulation induction with gonadotropins and to examine its effect on the frequency of cycle cancellation and on the (multiple) pregnancy rate. Methods: The data on 796 treatment cycles, performed between 1989 and 1996 on 410 infertile couples, were analyzed retrospectively. From October 1992, whenever necessary, supernumerary ovarian follicles were selectively aspirated transvaginally under ultrasound guidance to prevent the ovulation of more than three follicles. Thereafter, intrauterine insemination was performed. Results: After the adoption of transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of supernumerary follicles into the treatment protocol in October 1992, the number of canceled cycles (P < 0.0001) and the multiple pregnancy rate (P < 0.01) were significantly reduced compared to those previously. The overall pregnancy rate remained stable. No ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome requiring hospitalization was noted, and no complications resulting from the follicle aspiration were registered. Conclusions: Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of supernumerary ovarian follicles increases both the efficacy and the safety of ovulation induction with gonadotropins. Because of the limited equipment required, this method represents an alternative for conversion of overstimulated cycles to more costly alternatives such as in vitro fertilization.     

Inadvertent Superovulation and Intrauterine Insemination During Pregnancy: A Lesson from an Ectopic Gestation

It is believed that follicular development and ovulation is suppressed during the early period of gestation in humans. In this report, we describe a patient who underwent ovarian hyperstimulation following a presumed menstrual bleeding. The case illustrates that the ovaries during early pregnancy seem to respond normally to exogenous gonadotrophin stimulation. Despite ongoing pregnancy, the high plasma concentrations of gonadotrophins have rescued pituitary and ovarian insensitivity. Normal follicular development and even ovulation are allowed to occur. Moreover, it is mandatory to preclude pregnancy before commencing superovulation and assisted reproductive technology.     

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following GnRH agonist trigger for final follicular maturation in a patient undergoing random start ovarian stimulation for egg-donation cycle with an inadvertent concomitant early pregnancy

Abstract

We report the first case of OHSS following GnRH agonist trigger for final follicular maturation in random start ovarian stimulation for egg-donation cycles during inadvertent concomitant early pregnancy. As an additional note, the sustained activity exerted by the increasing endogenous hCG production seemed to be responsible for the suboptimal performance in terms of oocyte yield in the current case. OHSS can occur in random-start stimulations protocols even after the use of a GnRH agonist for triggering in case of concomitant unnoticed early pregnancy especially if stimulation is commenced in the periovulatory/luteal phase. The present case report introduces a note of extreme caution when proceeding with this protocol in an otherwise fertile population (egg-donors, elective or oncologic oocyte cryopreservation).     

The Antral Follicle Count Predicts the Outcome of Pregnancy in a Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation/Intrauterine Insemination Program

Purpose: Our purpose was to test whether age-related changes in antral follicle counts can predict the pregnancy outcome in the early follicular phase of a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation/intrauterine insemination (COH/IUI) program. Methods: A selected group of 107 women (36 healthy women requesting child sex preselection, 52 women with unexplained infertility, and 19 with minimal endometriosis) who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with clomiphene citrate (CC) plus human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and subsequent intrauterine insemination were enrolled in the study. Transvaginal ultrasonography (7.0 MHz) was used to determine the total number of antral follicles (2–8 mm) in the right and left ovaries. The association among the antral follicle count, age, dominant follicle, and estradiol (E ₂ ) level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was analyzed. The association of the pregnancy rate and OHSS with the antral follicle count, dominant follicle count, and age was also examined. Results: The total antral follicle number decreased with age (P<0.0001). Dominant follicle number increased with total antral follicle number in women who received CCplus hMG/ IUI (P<0.0001). The pregnant group had a higher number of antral follicle and dominant follicles in comparison with the nonpregnant group (P<0.01 and P<0.02, respectively). The E ₂ level on the day of hCG injection increased positively with the total number of antral follicles (P<0.0001) and the total number of dominant follicles (P<0.0001). In women aged younger than 35 years, the pregnancy rate and dominant follicle number rose as the number of antral follicles increased (P<0.03 and P<0.0001, respectively). The pregnancy rate was low (2/39) in women aged older than 35 years regardless of the number of antral follicles (P<0.05) and the extent of hMG administration (P<0.02). Women aged older than 35 also produced fewer dominant follicles (P<0.001). No pregnancy was achieved in a patient with an antral follicle number of less than five (17 cases). Conclusions: Age-related changes in antral follicle count significantly predicted the dominant follicle count and the pregnancy outcome. In women with antral follicle counts of less than five or who are older than 35 years, the application of COH/IUI may not be indicated.     

不同促排卵方案在卵巢低反应患者中的应用

目的:探讨不同促排卵方案在接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的卵巢低反应患者中的应用价值。方法:对87例卵巢低反应患者采用不同方案进行IVF/ICSI-ET共200个周期的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中短方案者50个周期(A组),拮抗剂方案者39个周期(B组),微刺激方案者93个周期(C组),自然周期方案者18个周期(D组)。比较分析各组的促排卵结局。结果:4组间周期取消率无统计学差异,hCG注射日LH水平A组低于其他3组,E2水平高于其他3组,与C、D组比有统计学差异(P<0.05),优势卵泡数及平均获卵数D组低于其他3组,而正常受精率高于其他3组,与A、B组比有统计学差异(P<0.05),hCG注射日内膜厚度、P值、MⅡ卵率、可利用胚胎率、临床妊娠率C组临床妊娠率略高,但各组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对卵巢低反应患者微刺激方案在IVF-ET促排卵中相对其他方案有更好的临床效果。     

来曲唑等4种促排卵药物用于宫腔内人工授精的疗效比较

目的:比较来曲唑等4种促排卵药物用于宫腔内人工授精的疗效。方法:回顾分析南方医院生殖医学中心2006年1月至2010年6月采用自然周期(NC)和来曲唑(LE)、氯米芬(CC)、尿促性素(HMG)、尿促卵泡素(u-FSH)4种促排卵药物用于夫精宫腔内人工受精(IUI),共565个周期的临床资料进行比较分析。结果:5组临床妊娠率分别为4.1%、13.4%、8.7%、16.1%、13.8%,促排卵各组妊娠率均高于自然周期组(P均<0.05)。各促排卵组之间,妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LE组优势卵泡数、排卵数及绒促性素(HCG)日子宫内膜厚度与NC组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:促排卵治疗增加IUI妊娠率。LE促排卵作用温和,妊娠率与低剂量HMG和u-FSH方案相当,用于IUI促排卵安全有效。     

Effects of Cryopreserved Semen Quality and Timed Intrauterine Insemination on Pregnancy Rate and Gender of Offspring in a Donor Insemination Program

Purpose: Our purpose was to study the relationship among cryopreserved donor semen quality, pregnancy rates, and preconception sex selection after intrauterine insemination. Methods: We reviewed the records of the 203 women in our donor insemination program from 1987 to 1994 who became pregnant after more than one insemination cycle and had no female-factor infertility. They were categorized according to the number of cycles required for pregnancy. Semen samples from 54 donors were analyzed before freezing and after thawing. Specimens resulting in pregnancy were compared to specimens from the same donor that did not. Semen characteristics were compared to gender of the child. Results: Two hundred fifty two-women became pregnant of the 422 who were enrolled. The pregnancy rate per cycle was 13%. Semen quality was not related to pregnancy outcome or offspring gender. However, more male children (101 vs 83) were born. Conclusions: Semen characteristics in good-quality cryopreserved donor semen do not affect pregnancy rate or offspring gender.