首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Construction, one of the larger industries in the United States, employs 7.6 million workers, many in skilled trades occupations. Previously published data about potential worksite exposures and mortality of construction site workers are limited. We analyzed occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 19 U.S. states to evaluate mortality risks among men and women usually employed in construction occupations. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for cancer and several other chronic diseases were significantly elevated among 61,682 white male construction workers who died between 1984 and 1986. Men younger than age 65, who were probably still employed immediately prior to death, had significantly elevated PMRs for cancer, asbestos-related diseases, mental disorders, alcohol-related disease, digestive diseases, falls, poisonings, traumatic fatalities that are usually work-related, and homicides. Elevated PMRs for many of the same causes were observed to a lesser degree for black men and white women whose usual industry was construction. In addition, women experienced excess cancer of the connective tissue and suicide mortality. Various skilled construction trades had elevated PMRs for specific sites, such as bone cancer and melanoma in brickma-sons, stomach cancer in roofers and brickmasons, kidney and bone cancer in concrete/terrazzo finishers, nasal cancer in plumbers, pulmonary tuberculosis in laborers, scrotal cancer and aplastic anemia in electricians, acute myeloid leukemia in boilermakers, rectal cancer and multiple sclerosis in electrical power installers, and lung cancer in structural metal workers. Using a standard population of blue collar workers did not result in fewer elevated PMRs for construction workers. Despite lifestyle differences and other limitations of the study, the large numbers of excess deaths observed in this study indicate the need for preventive action for construction workers. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

2.
A proportionate mortality study was conducted on 809 deaths occurring among New Jersey primary and secondary teachers between 1980 and 1984. Three separate sets of expected number of deaths were used, based on U.S. and New Jersey proportionate mortality ratios in the general population and proportionate cancer mortality ratios. Increased cause of death was found for digestive, breast, other genital, and lymphopoietic cancer, and motor vehicle accidents for white female teachers; digestive cancer, heart disease, and nonmalignant genitourinary disease for white male teachers; digestive, brain, and thyroid cancer in black female teachers; and kidney and prostate cancer in black male teachers. Deficits in lung cancer were found for white male teachers and in heart disease for white and black female teachers. Mortality ratios were examined by duration worked and latency since first hired. Further analysis using a nested-case control methodology is recommended. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

3.
江西省1995~1998年疾病监测点肺癌报告死亡率13.29/10万,标化死亡率12.08/10万,城市死亡率(20.31/10万)高于农村(11.25/10万),男性死亡率(21.11/10万)高于女性(5.13/10万),40岁以上居民肺癌死亡占肺癌死亡总数的89.81%,工人、农民、离退休人员、家务人员,占肺癌死亡总数的90.94%,本文分析结果为制定肺癌防治策略提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
Epidemiologic studies of Scottish oil shale workers: III. Causes of death   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
In a mortality study of a population of 6,359 male Scottish oil shale workers, the vital status of 6,145 (96.6%) was determined. Sufficient data on occupational histories for analyses of mortality in relation to jobs held were available for 6,064 (95.4%) of the workers. No significant excess of mortality from any disease was found in relation to any jobs in the industry. Comparison of the mortality experience of those 3,161 men who joined the population prior to 1953 with that of the whole Scottish population showed an excess of deaths from skin cancer but no significant excess that was due to other disease. Comparisons with the population of the counties in which the industry was situated showed no significant excess of deaths from any cause examined. A case-control study of lung cancer in the shale area showed no excess risk of this disease in association with work in the industry.  相似文献   

5.

Objectives

To assess the mortality of a cohort of workers in a synthetic textile spinning plant and to evaluate the relationship between mortality from lung, liver and bladder cancer and the processes or the products used.

Methods

The study population consisted of male workers present for at least 6 months in the plant from 1968 to 1984. The cohort was followed until 1999. Vital status and the causes of death were determined by consulting national registries. The population of the Franche‐Comté region was used for comparison. In total, 17 groups of exposure were assessed by the industrial hygienist, based on the consensus of an expert group that determined the exposure levels of each job to selected occupational hazards. Each worker was assigned to one or several groups, according to his occupational history. Confounding factors could not be assessed. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% bilateral confidence intervals were calculated based on an assumed Poisson distribution of the number of cases to compare the plant mortality and the population mortality. Internal analyses were performed with Cox models in order to assess the risks of death related to the various exposures.

Results

In the whole cohort, mortality from all malignant neoplasms was lower than expected, but this was not significant. All the estimated SMRs were lower than or close to 1. The “hot ‐line fitters” (RR = 2.13; n = 9; 1.06 to 4.29) and the “fibre‐drawing workers” (RR = 1.83; n = 20;1.09 to 3.07) experienced a statistically significant excess in mortality from lung cancer. A slightly elevated but not significant risk of death related to lung cancer (RR = 1.5; n = 41; 0.8 to 2.7) was observed in the groups with the highest exposure to mineral fibres. A statistically significant increase in cancer deaths was observed for workers with high exposure to dust (higher intensity: RR = 1.42; n = 79; 1.06 to 1.89).

Conclusion

Some findings, mainly of lung cancer, justify further exploration in other plants in this industry,  相似文献   

6.
Smoking patterns by occupation and duration of employment   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Lifetime patterns of smoking and occupation based on personal interviews were examined among 3,627 white men and 1,200 white women who were randomly selected from ten areas in the United States during the period 1977-1978. These individuals participated in the control series of the National Bladder Cancer Study. We estimated, based on Axelson's method, the extent to which smoking habits for given occupational groups would confound the estimated relative risk for lung cancer for 62 occupations among men and 18 occupations among women. Among men, confounding by smoking resulted in a 30% or greater increased risk of lung cancer in only three occupational groups--namely, stationary engineers and power station operators (relative risk (RR) = 1.6), printers (RR = 1.3), and fishermen and sailors (RR = 1.3). A decrease in lung cancer risk of 0.8 or less due to smoking habits was observed among the clergy (RR = 0.5) and chemical workers (RR = 0.7). Among women, a 30% increase or greater in the risk of lung cancer based on smoking habits alone was found for food service workers (RR = 1.5), building managers and administrators (RR = 1.3), telephone and telegraph operators (RR = 1.3), and operatives (RR = 1.3). A risk ratio of 0.8 or less was observed for those women employed as farmers (RR = 0.5) and teachers (RR = 0.8). Smoking habits by duration of employment were also examined for 38 occupations among men. The largest increase in the risk of lung cancer based on the smoking habits among long-term workers was only 1.3 and was observed for those men employed 20 or more years as painters and as electricians. These findings suggest that the smoking patterns, in only a few occupational groups that we evaluated, confound estimates of the relative risk by more than 30%, and for most occupational groups under investigation in this study, confounding by smoking alone did not produce trends in relative risks by duration of employment.  相似文献   

7.
目的:分析江苏省肺癌死亡变化趋势,为制定癌症控制策略提供依据。方法:以死亡率和减寿率为主要指标,分析2003年~2005年死因回顾调查资料,并与前两次死因调查进行比较。结果:2003年~2005年江苏省居民肺癌粗死亡率为39.67/10万,标化死亡率为21.28/10万,占恶性肿瘤的18.98%,居恶性肿瘤第二位。江苏省肺癌死亡率男性高于女性,且随着年龄的增加而上升。随着时间的推移,肺癌死亡率呈上升趋势,上升幅度较大,2003年~2005年肺癌死亡率与1973年~1975年相比,粗死亡率上升488.58%,标化死亡率上升225.88%;与1990年~1992年相比,粗死亡率上升61.06%,标化死亡率上升18.55%。结论:肺癌成为影响江苏居民的主要恶性肿瘤,应当采取适当的预防控制措施,减少肺癌对居民健康的影响。  相似文献   

8.
To ascertain whether the current risk of lung cancer in former asbestos workers was higher than in the general population, 1,557 past asbestos workers were recruited during statutory health examinations (from 2000 onward) and followed up for mortality. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Poisson regression was used to adjust the rate ratios (RRs) for confounders. SMR was about 1.00 in workers with or without pleural plaques and 4.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–18.1) in those with asbestosis. Adjusted RRs for lung cancer were 4.70 (0.99–22.5) for asbestosis, 4.35 (0.97–19.5) for former smokers, 6.82 (1.38–34.4) for current smokers. Currently, lung cancer mortality in past asbestos workers is similar to the general population, probably because workers more exposed /more susceptible could have died from lung cancer before the beginning of follow-up.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVES—To examine if the occurrence of different cancers was increased among rubber workers, as the highest known exposures of humans to nitrosamines have occurred in the rubber industry.
METHODS—A cohort of 8933 rubber workers (hired after 1 January 1950, still active or retired on 1 January 1981 and employed for at least 1 year in one of five study factories) was followed up for mortality from 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1991. Work histories were reconstructed with routinely documented cost centre codes, which allowed identification by employment in specific work areas. For each cost centre code time and factory specific, semi-quantitative exposures to nitrosamines (three levels: low, medium, high) and other compounds were estimated by industrial hygienists. Rate ratios for medium (RRm) and high (RRh) exposures and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated with Cox's proportional hazards models with the low exposure as reference.
RESULTS—Exposure to nitrosamines was significantly associated with an increased mortality from cancers of the oesophagus (13 deaths: RRm 1.7, 95% CI 0.3 to 10.3; RRh 7.3, 95% CI 1.9 to 27.8) and of the oral cavity and pharynx (17 deaths: RRm 0.8, 95% CI 0.2 to 4.1; RRh 3.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 11.1). A non-significant trend of increasing mortality with exposure to higher concentrations of nitrosamines was found for mortality from cancer of the prostate (26 deaths: RRm 1.4, 95% CI 0.5 to 3.8; RRh 2.2, 95% CI 0.9 to 5.6), and the brain (six deaths: RRm 3.9, 95% CI 0.3 to 42.6; RRh 6.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 57.6). No association was found between exposure to nitrosamines and cancer of the stomach (RRm 0.8, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.8; RRh 1.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.5) or lung (RRm 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.5; RRh 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.6).
CONCLUSIONS—Exposure to high concentrations of nitrosamines is associated with increased mortality from cancers of the oesophagus, oral cavity, and pharynx, but not with increased mortality from cancers of the stomach or lung.


Keywords: nitrosamines; cancer mortality; rubber industry  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVES—To evaluate the association between silica, silicosis and lung cancer, the mortality of 724 patients with silicosis, first diagnosed by standard chest x ray film between 1964 and 1970, has been analysed by a cohort study extended to 31 December 1997.METHODS—Smoking and detailed occupational histories were available for each member of the cohort as well as the estimated lifetime exposure to respirable silica dust and radon daughters. Two independent readers blindly classified standard radiographs according to the 12 point International Labour Organisation (ILO) scale. Lung function tests meeting the American Thoracic Society''s criteria were available for 665 patients. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for selected causes of death were based on the age specific Sardinian regional death rates.RESULTS—The mortality for all causes was significantly higher than expected (SMR 1.35, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.24 to 1.46) mainly due to tuberculosis (SMR 22.0) and to non-malignant chronic respiratory diseases (NMCRD) (SMR 6.03). All cancer deaths were within the expected numbers (SMR 0.93; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.14). The SMR for lung cancer was 1.37 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.91, 34 observed), increasing to 1.65 (95% CI 0.98 to 2.77) allowing for 20 years of latency since the first diagnosis of silicosis. Although mortality from NMCRD was strongly associated to the severity of radiological silicosis and to the extent of the cumulative exposure to silica, SMR for lung cancer was weakly related to the ILO categories and to the cumulative exposure to silica dust only after 20 years of lag interval. A significant excess of deaths from lung cancer (SMR 2.35) was found among silicotic patients previously employed in underground metal mines characterised by a relatively high airborne concentration of radon daughters and among ever smokers who showed an airflow obstruction at the time of the first diagnosis of silicosis (SMR 3.29). Mortality for lung cancer related to exposure was evaluated with both the Cox''s proportional hazards modelling within the entire cohort and a nested case-control study (34 cases of lung cancer and 136 matched controls). Both multivariate analyses did not show any significant association with cumulative exposure to silica or severity of silicosis, but confirmed the association between mortality for lung cancer and relatively high exposure to radon, smoking, and airflow obstruction as significant covariates.CONCLUSIONS—The findings indicate that the slightly increased mortality for lung cancer in this cohort of silicotic patients was significantly associated with other risk factors—such as cigarette smoking, airflow obstruction, and estimated exposure to radon daughters in underground mines—rather than to the severity of radiological silicosis or to the cumulative exposure to crystalline silica dust itself.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号