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1.
目的 探讨不同血糖水平对老年人简单智能量表(mini mental state examination,MMSE)得分影响,为预防老年人认知功能下降提供科学依据.方法 于2003年对贵州省贵阳市老年人空腹血糖及MMSE得分进行调查,2008年进行随访;分析基线、随访时不同血糖水平与MMSE得分的关系,以及不同血糖值与随访期间MMSE得分下降的关系.结果 单因素方差分析结果表明,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、血糖不同水平的MMES得分差异有统计学意义;基线时血糖正常者MMSE得分29,空腹血糖受损(IFG)者为28.5,糖尿病者(DM)为28,3组之间差异有统计学意义;随访时血糖正常者MMSE得分27,IFG者为27,糖尿病者(DM)为26,3组之间差异有统计学意义;随访期间不同血糖水平的MMSE得分下降无统计学意义(x2=2.28,P<0.05);以基线和随访时MMSE得分、MMES得分下降为因变量进行多重线性分析,老年人空腹血糖值有统计学意义.结论 老年人的空腹血糖值异常增高可导致老年人认知功能下降.  相似文献   

2.
【目的】调查上海市社区老年人认知功能现状,分析认知功能的相关影响因素,为开展老年人认知功能干预提供参考。【方法】采用问卷调查方法对上海市静安区江宁路街道16个居委会60岁以上老年人进行认知功能筛查,收集7 608名老年人人口学资料和认知功能数据,分析认知功能的影响因素。【结果】7 608名调查对象的平均年龄(70.12±8.56)岁(60~99),社区老年人8条目痴呆筛查问卷(AD8)平均得分为(0.79±1.71),蒙特利尔认知功能评估(Mo CA)平均得分为(25.29±5.16)分,简易智能状态检查(MMSE)平均得分为(26.79±4.20),上述三种量表测评认知功能障碍检出率分别为16.7%、39.6%、32.1%。女性、高龄、文化水平低是认知功能下降的相关影响因素(P0.01)。AD8、Mo CA、MMSE三种评估量表具有关联性(P0.01)。【结论】上海江宁路街道老年人认知功能障碍检出率较高,痴呆将对老年人群造成巨大威胁,应积极采取措施应对痴呆带来的老龄化危机。  相似文献   

3.
目的评价基于行为变化阶段的健康素养综合干预策略对哈萨克族高血压患者血压水平的影响。方法 2014年7月至2016年1月,将基线调查"前进村"、"小渠子"随机分为干预组(n=74)及对照组(n=74)。于干预开始前及干预开始第12、18个月进行血压等数据收集。结果干预12个月后,干预组高血压患者疾病相关健康素养总分及其"理解能力"、"最新生命体征"、"避免食物过敏"维度得分均高于对照组(26.10±7.62 vs.18.54±9.81,7.81±1.72 vs.5.29±2.78,5.86±2.01 vs.1.39±2.58,5.00±0.00 vs 4.57±0.95)分,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。干预组收缩压、舒张压在第12个月分别比基线下降8.82 mmHg、3.78 mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);干预组收缩压、舒张压在第18个月分别比基线下降6.56 mmHg、2.84 mmHg,仅收缩压与基线比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重复测量方差分析显示:收缩压的时间主效应、干预主效应、及其分组与时间的交互作用,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);舒张压的时间主效应、及其分组与时间的交互作用差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 "健康素养-行为变化阶段"相结合的综合干预策略能降低牧区哈萨克族高血压患者的收缩压、舒张压,且短期维持效果尚可。  相似文献   

4.
目的评价南京市高血压社区综合干预效果。方法采用自编《高淳县社区慢性病管理效果评估调查问卷》,于2011年调查高血压患者3 990人,并分组进行综合干预管理,于基线调查后半年、1年进行随访。结果随访率分别为99.0%、98.9%。GEE分析结果表明,与基线调查相比,社区综合干预半年时,高血压患者收缩压、舒张压的平均下降值差异无统计学意义,血压控制率是基线时的1.138倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);综合干预1年,收缩压平均下降4.531mmHg,舒张压平均下降1.525mmHg,控制率是基线时的2.236倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高血压社区综合干预1年,可有效降低患者的血压水平,提高血压控制率。  相似文献   

5.
目的研究罗布麻对高血压的改善情况。方法选择收缩压≥140mmHg或舒张压≥90mmHg的受试者116名,分为试食组和对照组。试食组每人每天6片服用受试样品,连续5周,对照组按同法给予安慰剂。比较试验前后受试者的血压变化情况。结果试食组收缩压平均下降(19.2±14.0)mmHg,舒张压平均下降(12.9±16.3)mmHg;试食组自身试验前后比较及与对照组组间比较,收缩压和舒张压变化差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论在研究剂量范围内可见罗布麻具有辅助降血压的功能。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨综合性干预对社区原发性高血压患者认知水平、态度、行为(KAP)和血压控制的作用.方法 选择湖北省武汉市东西湖区常青花园社区卫生服务中心慢病重点人群管理册中的高血压症病人202例,实施综合性干预,并在干预前后进行调查,对干预过程和结果进行评价.结果 202例患者KAP得分分别由干预前的(13.45±5.46)、(18.11±2.82)、(21.84±3.70)分提高到干预后的(21.0±3.46)、(25.09±2.18)、(26.25±2.60)分.干预前高血压患者平均收缩压为(156.60±13.40)mmHg,舒张压为(97.29±10.21)mmHg;干预平均收缩压为(135.16±9.84)mmHg,舒张压为(84.36±8.14)mmHg.干预前后高血压患者认知水平、态度.行为较干预前明显提高,血压控制率较干预前也提高,差导均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 综合性干预是社区原发性高血压防治的重要干预措施和有效途径.  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨社区老年轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者认知评分变化及其在阿尔茨海默病(AD)预测中的价值.方法 采用多级整群抽样方法选择对象,对贵阳市社区老年人开展3年前瞻性研究,将基线MCI患者前后简易智能状态检查(MMSE)总分及各领域得分变化进行对比分析,并对MCI患者不同转归结局MMSE前后得分进行比较,采用logistic回归分析方法对其在AD发病的危险性进行估计.结果 MCI患者基线和随访对认知功能总分及各领域得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结局为痴呆者基线MMSE得分低于保持MCI和转为正常者(P<0.05).Logistic回归分析显示定向力下降的MCI患者转化为AD的危险性较高(OR=1.730,95%CI=1.283~2.332).结论 MCI患者各领域得分及MMSE总分较低者更容易转化为AD.在MCI转归为痴呆的过程中,定向力得分下降可能是其中一个重要的预测因子.  相似文献   

8.
目的研究玉环县≥60岁老年人群脉压差与认知功能的关系。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在玉环县随机抽取1 700名≥60岁的常住老年人,采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)对其进行认知损伤筛查,采用局部加权回归散点平滑法分析脉压差与MMSE得分之间的线性关系,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脉压差与认知功能的关系。结果共回收有效问卷1 633份,回收率为96.06%。玉环县≥60岁老年人MMSE得分平均为(23.59±5.92)分,认知损伤率为15.74%,认知损伤组脉压差为(64.01±16.31)mm Hg,高于非认知损伤组的(58.97±14.67)mm Hg(P0.01)。局部加权回归散点平滑图显示,随着脉压差不断增大,老年人MMSE得分呈下降趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在调整部分协变量之后,老年人脉压差与认知功能存在统计关联(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.001~1.019)。结论玉环县≥60岁老年人脉压差与认知功能呈负相关,脉压差越高,认知功能表现可能越差。  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究老年人体力活动水平和认知功能的相关性,为预防老年人认知功能减退提供科学依据.方法 对3所养老院的418名60~101岁老年人(男性160名,女性258名)进行体力活动问卷调查和简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)调查.比较不同性别、年龄段、文化程度老年人的体力活动水平和MMSE得分.采用多元线性回归分析老年人认知状况的影响因素.控制年龄等混杂因素,用偏相关分析老年人体力活动水平与MMSE得分的相关性.比较不同等级活动强度和活动时间老年人的MMSE得分.结果 老年人的体力活动水平和认知状况与性别无关,与文化程度和年龄有关,随文化程度的升高,老年人体力活动水平和认知状况增加,70岁以上老年人体力活动水平和认知状况随年龄的增长而降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).认知功能的影响因素按程度大小依次为文化程度(β=0.460)、体力活动水平(β=0.119)、年龄(β=-0.118).控制年龄和文化程度因素的影响,老年人每周体力活动总代谢当量值与MMSE得分呈正相关(P<0.01).低强度活动水平的老年人MMSE得分明显低于中、高强度活动水平的老年人,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).与每周进行中强度及以上体力活动少于90 min者比较,超过90 min的老年人MMSE得分较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 老年人的体力活动水平与认知功能水平呈正相关.每周从事90 min中强度及以上体力活动对老年人认知功能的改善可能有益.  相似文献   

10.
目的调查南昌市养老机构老年人认知现状,分析其影响因素。方法 2018年6—12月,采用分层整群抽样法从南昌市登记在册的养老机构中选取9所,通过现场发放一般资料问卷、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)及日常生活能力量表(ADL)对268名入住老年人进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果入住老年人认知功能平均得分为22.59±3.78,处于较低水平;不同年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、退休前职业、家庭月收入、每周锻炼次数、饮酒及吸烟情况的老年人MMSE得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,性别、年龄和文化程度对老年人认知功能有显著影响(均P0.05);MMSE得分与ADL得分呈负相关(r=-0.781,P0.01)。结论养老机构老年人的认知功能水平较低,文化水平低的高龄女性应成为认知功能受损的重点关注人群,应对其定期进行认知评估,及时干预,以促进老年人认知健康。  相似文献   

11.
ObjectivesThis study was designed to explore the appropriate blood pressure (BP) target required to reduce cognitive decline and brain white matter lesions (WMLs) in elderly hypertensive patients.MethodsElderly patients (n = 294, ≥80 years of age) being treated for hypertension were enrolled in a longitudinal study examining cognitive impairment after an initial assessment and a period of 4 years. All patients underwent neurological and cognitive assessment, laboratory examination, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.ResultsThe 4-year follow-up examination revealed that body mass index, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) all showed a significant decline, whereas fasting plasma glucose, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume, and the WMH/total intracranial volume (TIV) ratio were significantly increased when compared with baseline observations. Interestingly, the decline in MMSE, as well as the increment of WMH and WMH/TIV ratio was smaller in patients with SBP ranging from 140 to 160 mm Hg than in those whose SBP was lower than 140 mm Hg or higher than 160 mm Hg (P < .05). Furthermore, we observed that a 15 to 35 mm Hg targeted lowering of SBP in the elderly patients was more beneficial to our cognitive analysis than treatments that achieved less than 15 mm Hg or greater than 35 mm Hg (P < .05).ConclusionsIn elderly hypertensive patients, there exists a beneficial target for SBP lowering beyond which treatment may not be beneficial for improving or delaying the progression of cognitive impairment and WMLs.  相似文献   

12.
Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure among women: a meta-analysis   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adult women. METHODS: Studies were retrieved from computer searches (MEDLINE, Sport Discus, Current Contents) and bibliographies of retrieved articles were cross-referenced. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized trials, (2) aerobic activity as the primary exercise intervention, (3) comparative nonexercise control group included, (4) changes in resting systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure assessed for women ages 18 and older, and (5) studies published in English-language journals between January 1966 and January 1998. The primary outcomes retrieved in this study were changes in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure calculated as the difference (exercise minus control) of the changes (initial minus final) in these mean values. RESULTS: Ten studies representing 732 subjects and 36 primary outcomes (19 systolic, 17 diastolic) met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, an approximate 2% decrease in resting systolic and 1% decrease in resting diastolic blood pressure were observed (systolic,;x +/- SD = -2 +/- 2.6 mm Hg, 95% bootstrap confidence interval -3 to -1 mm Hg; diastolic,;x +/- SD = -1 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, 95% bootstrap confidence interval -2 to -1 mm Hg). CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise results in small reductions in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adult women. However, a need exists for additional, well-designed studies on this topic, especially among hypertensive adult women.  相似文献   

13.
目的探讨全身麻醉和硬膜外麻醉对老年骨折患者的作用。方法选取2018年3月-2019年9月98例老年骨折患者,按数字随机抽取分成观察组(n=49)与对照组(n=49),对照组采取全身麻醉,观察组采取硬膜外麻醉,观察两组简易精神状况检测量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分、认知功能障碍及血流动力学。结果观察组术后24 h的MMSE评分高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组术后6 h、12 h认知功能障碍发生率明显低于对照组,P<0.05;观察组T1、T2时的心率、舒张压、收缩压均低于对照组,P<0.05。结论对比全身麻醉,硬膜外麻醉可减少老年骨折患者认知功能障碍,对血流动力学影响更小。  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND: The Kungsholmen project is a longitudinal study of ageing and dementia conducted in Stockholm in 1987. In a 1994-96 follow-up, 804 subjects had their blood samples analyzed for lead. METHODS: Lead concentration in blood in an elderly population aged 75+ (mean age of 88.4 years) was studied in relation to age, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), cognitive function measured with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), gender, and smoking. RESULTS: The mean blood lead level (n = 762) was 3.7 microg/dL (0.18 micromol/L) whole blood with a standard deviation of 2.3, (0.11). There was a contribution of gender with men having higher blood lead levels than women (beta = -0.20; P = 0.000001) but not of smoking habits (beta = 0.07; P = 0.08) when these variables were entered into a multiple regression model with lead as the dependent variable (R = 0.22; P < 0.000001). Different multiple regression models were tested with lead as the dependent variable. No relation was found between lead concentrations and age, BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, or MMSE. Systolic and diastolic BP were correlated to BMI (R = 0.10; P = 0.01 and R = 0.22; P = 0.000 001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this elderly population from a specified area of Stockholm it is unlikely that lead exposure affects BP or cognition. However, high lead levels in blood may reflect earlier occupational exposure or life style factors.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is traditionally defined as a decline in systolic or diastolic blood pressure of >20 or >10 mm Hg, respectively, after 1 or 3 minutes of upright posture. OH is common in the elderly, but has not been consistently demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for falls in nursing home residents. Previous studies have used the standard definition of OH in assessing fall risk. No study has sought to determine if the timing of postural changes in blood pressure adds prognostic value; if changes in systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure are equivalent in predicting subsequent falls; and what degree of decline in blood pressure has the best predictive value. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the timing and degree of orthostatic changes in blood pressure in a cohort of elderly nursing home residents during active standing and to explore the relationship to subsequent falls to test the hypothesis that orthostatic changes in blood pressure with noninvasive beat-to-beat technology would predict falls in nursing home residents better than the standard definition of OH. METHODS: One hundred eleven elderly (88 +/- 7 years) residents of a long-term care facility had measurement of orthostatic blood pressure changes during active standing for up to 3 minutes with a real-time continuous, noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure device. Falls were determined prospectively over a median follow-up period of 270 days (range, 8-657 days). The degree and timing of declines in systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure and their association with subsequent falls was determined using a time-to-event analysis. RESULTS: Forty-six subjects (41%) fell. The standard definition of OH was not predictive of subsequent falls (hazard ratio 1.03 at 1 minute and 1.32 at 3 minutes, P = not significant). Other measures of orthostatic blood pressure changes were also not associated with a significant increase in risk for subsequent falls, including declines in blood pressure within the first minute of standing. CONCLUSION: The standard definition of OH was not an independent predictor of falls in frail nursing home residents. A one-time measure for the presence of postural hypotension using beat-to-beat tonometry was not predictive of fall risk. The timing and degree of orthostatic changes in blood pressure does not significantly enhance risk prediction for falls.  相似文献   

16.
Lead exposure has been found to affect cognitive function in several different populations. Whether chronic low-level environmental exposure to lead results in cognitive decline among adults has not been examined. The authors assessed the relation between biomarkers of lead exposure and change in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in the Normative Aging Study, a cohort of elderly US men. Bone lead was measured with K-shell x-ray fluorescence. A total of 466 men aged 67.4 (standard deviation, 6.6) years took the MMSE on two occasions that were an average of 3.5 (standard deviation, 1.1) years apart during the period 1993-2001 and had bone lead concentrations measured during the period 1991-2002. A one-interquartile range (20 microg/g of bone mineral) higher patella bone lead concentration was associated with a change in MMSE score of -0.24 (95% confidence interval: -0.44, -0.05) after adjustment for age, education, smoking, alcohol intake, and time between MMSE tests. This effect is approximately equivalent to that of aging 5 years in relation to the baseline MMSE score in study data. The association with tibia lead was weaker and that with blood lead was absent. The data suggest that higher patella bone lead levels, a marker of mobilizable accumulated lead burden, are associated with a steeper decline over time in performance on the MMSE test among nonoccupationally exposed elderly men.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, a recently marketed proprietary finger blood pressure monitor, the Marshall, Astro F-88, was compared with the standard auscultative brachial mercury sphygmomanometer on 125 subjects. Measurements were undertaken according to the standards set by the American Heart Association. Sensitivity of the finger blood pressure measurement was 76% for systolic and 75% for diastolic blood pressure in diagnosis of high blood pressure (systolic greater than 140 mm Hg and diastolic greater than 90 mm Hg). Specificity was 86% for systolic and 82% for diastolic blood pressure. Positive predictive values were 58% for systolic and 38% for diastolic blood pressure in the study population in which prevalence of hypertension was 12%. The correlation coefficient (Pearson) for systolic values between devices was 0.76 (P less than .0001) and 0.57 (P less than .0001) for diastolic pressure. Values obtained by the finger monitor were found to be higher than those obtained by the mercury sphygmomanometer. Mean differences and standard deviations (paired t test) for systolic and diastolic pressures between the two devices were 2.3 +/- 14.9 mm Hg (P less than .08) and 2.9 +/- 14.5 mm Hg (P less than .02), respectively. These values are not in accordance with the proposed national standards because only 48% of the systolic and 37% of the diastolic blood pressure measurements were within 5 mm Hg of the mercury sphygmomanometer measurements. Therefore, although these differences may well be due to different techniques of monitoring employed by the devices, this device is not recommended for evaluation of blood pressure.  相似文献   

18.
We have measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure and excretions of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in groups of about 50 8- and 9-year-old boys from 19 European centres using standardized methods for the measurement of blood pressure and collection of urine, and by carrying out all analyses in one laboratory. Weight, height, pulse rate and environmental temperature were also studied. Mean systolic blood pressure ranged from 91 to 105 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure from 51 to 66 mm Hg. Mean 24-h excretion of sodium was between 91 and 146 mmol/d, that of potassium between 29 and 60 mmol/d, that of calcium between 1.5 and 2.6 mmol/d and that of magnesium between 2.7 and 4.2 mmol/d. Mean sodium excretion tended to be lower and potassium excretion tended to be higher in the boys from the north-western parts of Europe. Relations between either systolic or diastolic blood pressure and electrolyte excretions were generally weak or absent. Most remarkable is that only the association between mean diastolic blood pressure and 24-h magnesium excretion (partial regression coefficient (b +/- s.e., -5.04 +/- 2.08 mm Hg/mmol/d) was statistically significant after adjusting for differences in creatinine excretion and environmental temperature. Mean systolic blood pressure was not significantly related with any of the variables measured. The partial regression coefficient (b +/- s.e.) for diastolic blood pressure on weight was 0.186 +/- 0.062 mm Hg/kg, on height 0.165 +/- 0.056 mm Hg/cm, on pulse rate 0.364 +/- 0.100 mm Hg/beats per min and on outside temperature -0.25 +/- 0.07 mm Hg/degrees C.  相似文献   

19.
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) plays a dual role in the regulation of hypertension: it catalyzes the production of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and it inactivates the vasodilator bradykinin. By inhibiting these processes, ACE inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Peptides derived from milk proteins can have ACE-inhibiting properties and may thus be used as antihypertensive components. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the long-term blood pressure-lowering effect of milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus LBK-16H in hypertensive subjects. DESIGN: In a randomized placebo-controlled study, 39 hypertensive patients received 150 mL/d of either L. helveticus LBK-16H fermented milk or a control product for 21 wk after a 2-wk run-in period. During the run-in period, the average baseline diastolic and systolic blood pressure values were 155 and 97 mm Hg, respectively, in the test product group and 152 and 96 mm Hg, respectively, in the control group. After the run-in period, blood pressure was measured at home on the same day every week with the use of an automatic blood pressure recorder. RESULTS: There was a mean difference of 6.7 +/- 3.0 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (P = 0.030) and of 3.6 +/- 1.9 mm Hg (P = 0.059) in diastolic blood pressure between the test product and control groups. Demographic factors had no significant effect on the responses. CONCLUSION: L. helveticus LBK-16H fermented milk containing bioactive peptides in normal daily use has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise on blood pressure remains uncertain. The goal of this trial was to compare the effect of two different levels of aerobic physical training on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. In this double-blind parallel-group trial, 28 sedentary hypertensive patients (mean diastolic blood pressure of 90 to 104 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of physical training at 20% (Group I) or 60% (Group II) of their maximal workload on a cycle ergometer (mean load of 32 and 85 watts, respectively). Maximal oxygen consumption was estimated by the time spent on a mechanical braked Monark bicycle (Monark, Sáo Paulo, Brazil). Indexes of physical fitness were determined by cycle ergometer tests before and after the experimental period. The principal outcome variable was mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Mean 24 hour systolic blood pressure fell from 137.2+/-14.9 to 135.2+/-12.7 mm Hg in Group I and from 144.4+/-13.3 to 138.6+/-12.9 in Group II (mean between group difference of -2.1 mm Hg, P = 0.479, adjusted for baseline blood pressure). Mean diastolic blood pressure fell from 9.21+/-10.0 to 89.3+/-7.7 mm Hg in Group I and from 93.3+/-5.8 to 90.6+/-6.8 mm Hg in Group II (mean adjusted difference of -0.06, P = 0.765). Nighttime blood pressure did not change in either group. Across all participants, a reduction in systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with improved physical fitness as manifest by increased physical work capacity at heart rate of 130 bpm (PWC130), increased systolic blood pressure at PWC130, and decreased maximum heart rate measured during the cycle ergometer test We conclude that aerobic training programs at 20% and 60% of the maximum work capacity have similar effects on ambulatory blood pressure.  相似文献   

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