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1.
社区系统管理对高血压患者生命质量影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的分析评价社区系统管理对高血压患者生命质量的影响。方法运用横断面调查研究方法以统一印制的调查表对社区系统管理的224例高血压患者和205例在市级医院就诊、从未接受社区管理的高血压患者进行问卷调查。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、生活行为、高血压病程、治疗情况等,采用中文版SF-36量表测定生命质量、症状痛苦调查表测定症状。以t检验、χ2检验和协方差分析等方法进行统计分析。结果管理组患者的高血压防治知识平均得分为(6.40±1.31)分,未管理组平均得分为(5.02±1.82)分,管理组高于未管理组(t=8.82,P<0.01);管理组患者血压有效控制率为49.6%,高于未管理组(27.3%),差别有统计学意义(χ2=22.26,P<0.01);管理组患者的平均症状数为(6.99±4.85)个,由症状引起的痛苦值为(25.99±26.67)分,未管理组平均症状数为(9.21±6.15)个,由症状引起的痛苦值为(33.20±34.15)分,差别均有统计学意义(分别为t=4.14,P<0.01和t=2.45,P<0.05);SF-36量表生命质量总分值及生理职能、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康等维度值高于未管理组(P<0.01)。结论社区系统管理可提高高血压患者的生命质量。  相似文献   

2.
高血压病患者生命质量及影响因素研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[目的]分析影响高血压病患者生命质量的主要因素,为提高高血压病患者的生命质量提供参考依据.[方法]运用横断面调查研究方法以统一印制的调查表对644例原发性高血压患者实施问卷调查.调查内容包括社会人口学特征、行为、高血压病程、治疗情况等,中文版SF-36量表测定生命质量,症状计数表测定症状.以t检验、方差分析和逐步回归对每一种影响因素进行分析,找出主要的影响因素.[结果]单因素分析时,年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、婚姻关系、近1年精神刨伤史、家庭总收入、饮食、体育锻炼、高血压病病程、态度、防治知识知晓状况、平时血压值、症状、有无社区医生管理等15种因素与生命质量的各领域或大多数领域均有关系.进一步多因素分析,在排除了各因素之间的相互影响后,对生命质量的主要影响因素分别是症状、体育锻炼、年龄、平时血压值、态度、防治知识知晓状况、家庭总收入、社区医生管理.[结论]要提高高血压病患者的生命质量,应关注患者的症状,有效降压,加强社区综合管理,提高患者防治知识;同时,患者自身要加强体育锻炼,拥有积极乐观的心态.  相似文献   

3.
沈玲 《职业与健康》2012,28(1):125-126
目的探讨营养护理干预对原发性高血压病患者临床疗效和生活质量的影响。方法选择60例原发性高血压病患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采用降压药物治疗和常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上应用营养干预,观察两组患者治疗6个月后体质量和血压变化以及治疗前后生活质量(SF-36)变化。结果治疗6个月后,观察组体质量、收缩压和舒张压明显较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组SF-36的8个维度评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论营养护理干预能够显著提高原发性高血压病患者的临床疗效,改善其生活质量。  相似文献   

4.
糖尿病及并发视网膜病变患者生命质量评价   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
目的 了解评价糖尿病及并发视网膜病变患者的生命质量.方法 在上海市长宁区社区居民中选取糖尿病患者、糖尿病合并视网膜病变(DR)患者及健康居民,采用生命质量量表(SF-36)与糖尿病患者生存质量特异性量表(DSQL)相结合进行生命质量评价;采用Epidata软件建立数据库,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析.结果 糖尿病合并视网膜病变组在SF-36量表的躯体功能(69.74±28.88)、躯体角色(70.72±43.28)、躯体疼痛(76.09±18.15)及总健康维度(48.54±19.74)的生命质量评分均显著低于常模,但心理健康(77.89±14.54)维度评分明显高于常模;糖尿病组在SF-36量表的躯体功能(72.81±22.85)、躯体疼痛(75.32±19.32)2个维度的评分显著低于常模.而心理健康(72.82±17.9)维度评分明显高于常模;糖尿病合并视网膜病变组的躯体功能(69.03±11.07)、总健康(14.71±3.95)、心理/精神维度(54.66±6.69)、社会功能维度(26.68±2.95)及疾病治疗效果维度(12.74±1.75)等方面较普通人群显著为低,糖尿病组的躯体功能(72.19±9.26)、心理/精神维度(53.99±7.20)、社会功能(26.25±2.99)、疾病治疗效果(13.12±1.72)等方面明显低于普通人群;DR组与糖尿病组在SF-36量表总评分及DSQL量表总评分方面均差异无统计学意义,但是在DSQL量表的躯体功能维度上,DR组的评分(45.08±7.40)显著低于糖尿病组评分(47.63±7.21).结论 糖尿病及其并发视网膜病变患者多个维度的生命质量明显下降.  相似文献   

5.
目的评价城市新贫困人群的生命质量,并探讨其主要影响因素.方法用SF-36量表对某社区103名新贫困人口的生命质量进行评价,采用logistic回归分析生命质量的主要影响因素.结果患病、医疗花费、债务、性别、文化程度对新贫困人群的生理健康有影响;债务对心理健康有影响.36~50岁人群中,新贫困人群的生理功能、社会功能、精神健康、活力、总体健康等维度高于贫困组;全部维度均低于非贫困组.结论SF-36量表适用于城市新贫困人群.对于36~50岁组人群,新贫困人群的生命质量接近于贫困人群,但低于非贫困人群.  相似文献   

6.
[目的]研究全科模式下心理干预对社区肿瘤患者生命质量的影响。[方法]将符合入选标准的肿瘤患者225例随机分为2组,心理干预组115例,对照组110例。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及简明健康状况调查表(SF-36)评测患者心理健康和生命质量水平。对照组给予社区常规康复治疗,干预组在社区常规康复治疗基础上给予心理干预。9个月后,对患者心理健康水平及生命质量进行重新评价,确定心理干预对患者的影响。[结果]干预前社区肿瘤患者在总分、阳性项目数、躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑及恐惧方面因子分高于常模;与常模相比较,患者生命质量各维度得分均显著下降。干预后干预组患者心理健康水平及生命质量优于对照组。[结论]社区肿瘤患者均存在不同程度和不同维度的心理健康水平及生命质量水平的下降,全科模式的心理干预能够改善社区肿瘤患者的心理健康水平,提高其生命质量。  相似文献   

7.
目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者疾病严重程度与生命质量的相关性。方法对79例慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者进行综合评估,根据严重程度分为A、B、C和D组,与对照组(18例)分别进行36条目健康测量简表(SF-36)评分,比较组间生命质量各维度的差别。结果A组患者在SF-36量表各维度得分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。B、C和D组患者生命质量较对照组下降,D组下降维度最多且得分最低。结论COPD患者的生活质量较差,随着COPD患者疾病严重程度增加其生命质量下降。  相似文献   

8.
[目的]调查放置宫内节育器(IUD)妇女的生命质量现状,并分析其影响因素。[方法]在四川省6个计划生育服务站用SF-36量表中文版对443例放置IUD的妇女进行调查,测评量表的信度和效度;将她们生命质量得分与四川省农村妇女常模(≤40岁)进行比较,并按照月经失血图(PBAC)评分分为≥130分和﹤130分的两组对生命质量进行比较分析。[结果]SF-36各维度内部一致性信度系数除生理功能(PF)外,其余维度均≥0.7,分半信度为0.85。结构效度方面,因子分析结果与理论假设模型有一定差异,但尚可接受。各维度评分除躯体疼痛(BP)和总体健康(GH)两个维度与常模无差别外,其余均显著高于常模;PBAC≥130分组比PBAC﹤130分组在心理健康方面的得分降低更为突出。影响生命质量的主要因素有经血量、血红蛋白水平和年龄等。[结论]SF-36量表中文版可用于IUD使用者生命质量的研究。临床中应当重视并积极治疗IUD引起的经血量过多、痛经等症状,加强IUD使用者的心理疏导,这对改善IUD使用者生命质量,提高IUD的接受度和续用率有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
目的 为选择适合大学生的生命质量研究工具,对比不同量表测量的敏感性.方法 用世界卫生组织生存质量评价量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)和36条目简明健康量表(SF-36)对徐州医学院537名大学生进行现场调查,将调查结果与文献对比,并对两量表进行相关分析和敏感分析.结果 调查结果与文献相比互有高低.两量表调查结果差异大,仅WHOQOL-BREF的生理维度和SF-36的精力维度呈中度相关(r=0.540),其他各维度均不相关.WHOQOL-BREF和SF-36分别有7个和24个条目不敏感,分别占26.9%和66.7%.结论 WHOQOL-BREF和SF-36测量大学生生命质量不敏感,我国大学生生命质量专用量表的缺失成为研究瓶颈,当务之急是形成本土化的理论和指标体系.  相似文献   

10.
目的 分析比较肾移植术与维持性血液透析对终末期肾病(End stage renal disrase,ESRD)患者营养状况及生活质量的影响.方法 195例ESRD患者根据治疗手段分为肾移植术组(n=60)和维持性血液透析组(n=135),分别采用营养不良-炎症量表和SF-36生活质量量表对两组患者的营养状态和生活质量进行评估比较.结果 对应治疗后,肾移植术组患者的TP、ALB、Hb及LDLC水平显著高于血液透析组患者(P<0.05),但两组患者的TIBC、TC及TG水平无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);肾移植术组患者的SF-36生活质量的八个维度均显著高于血液透析组(P<0.01).结论 肾移植术组患者的营养状况和生存质量均显著优于维持性血液透析组患者.  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The repeatability and validity of a questionnaire for upper limb and neck complaints were assessed in a population of 105 hospital outpatients with a range of upper limb and neck disorders (including cervical spondylosis, adhesive capsulitis, lateral epicondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon). Subjects were asked to complete a modified Nordic-style upper limb and neck discomfort questionnaire on two occasions closely spaced in time. The repeatability of their responses was assessed by calculating a kappa coefficient (kappa), and the sensitivity and specificity of component items in the questionnaire were determined for specific diagnostic categories of upper limb and neck disorder. Symptom reports for pain in the upper limb and neck, pain interfering with physical activities, neurological symptoms and blanching were all found to be highly repeatable (kappa = 0.63-0.90). A number of regional pain reports proved to be very sensitive in relation to specific upper limb disorders, but, with the exception of reported finger blanching in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, none proved to have a good specificity (range = 0.33-0.38). We conclude that a modified Nordic-style questionnaire is repeatable and sensitive, and is likely to have a high utility in screening and surveillance. However a complementary examination schedule of adequate specificity and repeatability is essential to establish a clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

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