技术研发人员健康体检高尿酸血症检出率影响因素研究

为探讨技术研发人员高尿酸血症(HUA)检出率的影响因素.收集2019年6-8月北京市CDC职业健康体检中心696份上岗前、在岗期间或离岗时职业健康检查资料,分组并应用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验、x2检验以及logistic回归分析.结果 显示,受检人群HUA检出率为39.8％ (277/696),男性为42.2％,高于女性26.6％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);单因素分析结果显示,男性与女性HUA检出率均随年龄增长而升高(P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析发现,性别、饮酒、高血压、脂肪肝、ALT异常与HUA发生相关(P＜0.05).提示,性别、饮酒、高血压、脂肪肝、ALT异常是HUA发生的主要影响因素.     

昆明市体检人群脂肪肝患病率及危险因素分析

目的 探讨体检人群中脂肪肝患病率及危险因素。方法 昆明市某医疗机构体检中心2022年参与健康体检的成年居民为本研究调查对象,采用调查表收集调查对象人口学信息、患病情况、生活饮食习惯及体检结果,采用描述性分析方法对该人群脂肪肝检出情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对脂肪肝影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共收集9 800名体检者问卷资料及体检项目的数据。男女性别比为1∶0.87,年龄18~85岁。共检出2 140例脂肪肝患者,检出率为21.84%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示饮酒(OR=2.947)、超重或肥胖(OR=2.896)、高血压(OR=2.396)、糖尿病(OR=2.812)、脂代谢异常(OR=2.341)、高尿酸(OR=6.172)、肝功能异常(OR=5.767)均是脂肪肝的危险因素。结论 昆明地区健康体检者脂肪肝检出率较高,饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、脂代谢异常、高尿酸、肝功能异常均是脂肪肝患病的危险因素。严格控制体重,合理规划饮食,加强锻炼是配合药物治疗脂肪肝的有效控制手段。     

平顶山地区健康体检者脂肪肝患病率及相关因素分析

[目的]探讨平顶山地区健康体检人群脂肪肝的患病率及其危险因素。[方法]体检包括10240例。通过超声检查肝、胆、肾,测量身高、体量、血压,应用自动化分析仪检测空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血尿酸(BUA)。[结果]总人群、男性、女性脂肪肝患病率分别为20.5%、25.9%、7.9%,60岁以下各年龄段脂肪肝患病率男性高于女性(P﹤0.01)。脂肪肝组肥胖、高血压、高血糖、高TC、高TG、低HDL-C、高LDL-C、高尿酸、胆结石、肾结石的患病率高于对照组(P﹤0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明脂肪肝的危险因素包括高TG、高血糖、高BUA、高血压、男性、低HDL-C、高BMI。[结论]平顶山地区脂肪肝的患病率较高,其危险因素包括高TG、高血糖、高尿酸、高血压、男性、低HDL-C、肥胖。     

上海某社区老年人群高尿酸血症患病率及危险因素分析

目的了解上海某社区老年人群高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)患病率及其危险因素,为HUA的社区预防和干预提供信息依据。方法利用检验科实验数据和居民健康档案对2015年度上海市泥城社区≥65岁的5 801名健康体检居民开展横断面调查,探讨影响HUA患病的危险因素,数据分析采用SPSS19.0软件包,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果横断面调查老年人5 801名,HUA总患病率19.9%,其中65~74岁年龄组,男性患病率为19.6%,高于女性的16.2%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.954,P<0.05);≥85岁年龄组,女性患病率为33.6%,高于男性的20.9%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.576,P<0.05);不同年龄组HUA患病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=40.344,P<0.05),随着年龄增长,HUA患病率随之升高(趋势χ~2=39.986,P<0.05)。HUA组总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶水平及体重超重或肥胖、高血压患病率均高于尿酸正常组(均P<0.05)。结论上海某社区老年人群HUA患病率较高;老年人HUA与超重或肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、肝功能及肾功能损害关系密切,应针对性开展防治工作。     

沙漠地区健康人群血尿酸与高血脂、高血糖等相关性研究

目的 分析戈壁沙漠地区健康人群的血尿酸水平与特点,并对血尿酸与高血脂、高血压及糖代谢异常的关系进行研究.方法 899例健康体检者按性别、年龄分析高尿酸血症(HUA)的发病率；并对HUA与非HUA患者心脑血管疾病的危险因素进行比较.结果 HUA发病率以40～49岁为最高,49岁以下男性HUA发病率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HUA患者高血压发生率为22.50％(45/200),非HUA患者为8.73％(61/699).HUA患者糖代谢异常发生率为7.50％(15/200),非HUA患者为2.72％(19/699)；HUA患者高脂血症发生率为74.50％ (149/200),非HUA患者为41.34％(289/699),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 HUA在戈壁沙漠地区人群中比较突出,而HUA患者其他心脑血管病的危险因素的发生率也明显增高,应引起重视.     

高原地区居民脂肪肝患病状况调查

目的探讨高原地区居民脂肪肝患病现状。方法对甘孜州道孚地区体检人员的资料进行分析。结果研究对象中男性脂肪肝患病率为39.5%,女性患病率为15.5%,男性显著高于女性(P=0.000),男性各年龄段脂肪肝患病率高于同年龄段女性。研究对象30岁以后脂肪肝患病率随年龄增加而递增。脂肪肝组人群高血脂、高血压和糖尿病等疾病的患病率高于非脂肪肝组(P﹤0.05)。结论高原地区脂肪肝患病率以男性为高,脂肪肝伴发高血脂,高血压和糖尿病等疾病发生率较高。     

1573例部队干部高尿酸血症情况调查及相关因素分析

目的 了解驻军部队干部血尿酸水平和高尿酸血症(HUA)的发生情况,以及与相关因素的关系,为临床预防提供参考资料.方法 对1573例健康体检的部队干部的血尿酸及血肌酐、血尿素氮、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、血糖、血压、体重指数(BMI)的测定结果进行统计分析.按性别、年龄分组,观察各组情况.统计患病风、冠心病的资料.结果 HUA检出率为17.36％,其中男性为19.41％(271/1396),女性为1.13％(2/177),性别间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).痛风检出率为4.65％.男性按年龄分段,检出率39～49岁与其他各年龄段比较(80～98岁除外),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).男性HUA组伴发高血压、高血脂、肾功能不全、肥胖的发生率明显高于非HUA组的发生率(P＜0.05).HUA组冠心病患病率高于非HUA组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 部队干部HUA检出率较高;男性在职干部发病率高;HUA有逐渐年轻化趋势.高血压、高血脂、肾功能不全及BMI超标是HUA的重要相关因素.血尿酸水平与冠心病密切相关.     

江油市636名科级干部体检结果分析

目的 了解江油市公务员队伍科级干部的身体健康状况,为改善该人群的健康状况提供参考。 方法 对2014年进行健康体检的科级干部体检结果进行整理、统计和分析。 结果 636名健康体检人员中,查出体检异常545例,占体检总人数85.69%;异常检出率最高的项目依次为高血脂(占60.06%)、超重(占36.16%)、颈椎病(占35.38%)、脂肪肝(占31.76%)、肥胖(占15.72%)、高血压(占15.12%),上述异常检出率在性别间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=18.921、13.321、6.908、15.757、11.858、9.471,P<0.01)。高血压、体重超重、丙氨酸氨基转移酶偏高、高血脂、血糖与尿酸偏高的检出率在脂肪肝组和非脂肪肝组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.388、20.937、24.665、13.409、24.530,P<0.01)。 结论 江油市科级干部,尤其是男性的健康状况并不理想。脂肪肝的发病率与高血压、高血糖、体重超重、高血脂等因素有关,应根据体检结果采取相应的预防保健措施。     

宁波市职业人群高尿酸血症与心血管疾病危险因素关系研究

目的了解宁波市职业人群高尿酸血症(HUA)检出情况,分析HUA与心血管疾病危险因素的相关性。方法收集2017年在宁波市某医院健康体检的年龄18～60岁的职业人群资料,分析HUA患病情况,并用Logistic回归分析心血管疾病危险因素相关健康指标与尿酸水平的关系。结果 4548位体检人群中,高尿酸血症检出1367例,患病率为30.06%,其中男性42.59%,女性12.55%,男性HUA患病率高于女性(P0.05)。不同年龄、职业人群的尿酸水平和HUA患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和空腹血糖(FBG)是男性患HUA的保护因素,收缩压(SBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)是危险因素;女性中,年龄、HDL-C和FBG也是HUA的保护因素,舒张压(DBP)、体质指数(BMI)、TC、TG是危险因素。结论体检人群中HUA的检出率较高,HUA患病率有年轻化趋势,商业服务业人群HUA的患病率较高,HUA与心血管疾病危险因素关联性较强,应根据不同年龄、职业及身体健康指标进行针对性健康及膳食指导,以预防和控制HUA及心血管疾病。[营养学报,2019,41(4):347-351]     

天津市健康体检者血尿酸临床分析

目的了解天津地区健康体检人群的血尿酸水平,以及本地区高尿酸血症（HUA）的患病率及其影响因素。方法对28661例健康体检者检测血尿酸、空腹血糖,三酰甘油、总胆固醇、体重指数、血压,分析血尿酸水平及HUA检出率,以及HUA组与正常组的代谢综合征相关因素比较。结果天津市健康体检人群HUA检出率11．3％,其中男性HUA检出率为15．2％,女性6．3％。血尿酸平均值男性为（349±73）μmol／L,女性为（256±59）μmol／L。男性血尿酸峰值在30～39岁组,女性峰值在≥70岁组,男性明显高于女性（P〈0．01）。HUA组的血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇水平均高于正常组,超重／肥胖、高血糖、高血脂、高血压检出率均高于正常组。结论HUA高发于中年男性。血尿酸与代谢相关因素密切相关,应对健康体检人群进行HUA相关知识的普及,减少HUA的患病率。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.