学术期刊在科研诚信建设中的作用与实施路径

【目的】 针对科研诚信问题频发现状,发挥学术期刊在科研诚信建设中的独特作用,加强学术期刊科研诚信建设,营造风清气正的良好科研环境,助推学术期刊高质量发展。【方法】 通过文献研究法,剖析学术诚信缺失的表现及成因,结合在编辑出版工作中的实践经验及思考,在分析学术期刊独特作用的基础上,提出加强科研诚信建设的具体路径。【结果】 从顶层设计、内控管理、文化培育层面,提出学术期刊在加强学术失信防范、学术不端惩戒、科研信用管理、科研诚信教育等方面的建议。【结果】 学术期刊作为研究成果的主要载体,是科研诚信建设的重要关口,应切实把好科研诚信关,打造良好学术生态,推进一流学术期刊建设。     

中共中央办公厅 国务院办公厅印发《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》

正科研诚信是科技创新的基石。近年来,我国科研诚信建设在工作机制、制度规范、教育引导、监督惩戒等方面取得了显著成效,但整体上仍存在短板和薄弱环节,违背科研诚信要求的行为时有发生。为全面贯彻党的十九大精神,培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,弘扬科学精神,倡导创新文化,加快建设创新型国家,现就进一步加强科研诚信建设、营造诚实守信的良好科研环境提出以下意见。     

基于医学领域重大科技项目科研诚信管理的现状研究

目的研究我国医学领域项目管理专业机构及承担单位的科研诚信管理, 分析重大科技项目科研诚信管理现状与问题, 梳理科研诚信管理的需求。方法采用定量与定性相结合的方法, 描述医学重大科技项目承担单位的科研诚信管理全流程, 了解专业管理机构在重大科技项目的科研诚信管理举措。结果承担单位将科研诚信管理落实于重大项目的全流程, 规范管理科研伦理及人类遗传资源申报, 部分专业机构缺乏科学有效的科研诚信评价机制。结论加强项目管理专业机构和承担单位科研诚信管理体系建设, 注重科研活动全过程科研诚信管理, 建立立体化、全方位的重大项目科研诚信监管体系, 加强医学研究伦理和人类遗传资源的规范化管理, 协同推动医学研究高质量发展。     

加强编辑部诚信建设的要求

为了落实《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》,我刊特提出以下要求:1.《中国妇幼健康研究》编辑部的全体成员应认真学习文件精神,全面落实文件提出的要求;为进一步加强科研诚信建设,营造诚实守信的良好科研环境而努力。2.认真贯彻文件精神,坚持自律与监督并重,认真自查本刊在既往工作中是否存在违背科研诚信要求的行为,立即进行整改工作。3.加强论文的质量把关、审核工作。     

加强编辑部诚信建设的要求

为了落实《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》,我刊特提出以下要求:1.《中国妇幼健康研究》编辑部的全体成员应认真学习文件精神,全面落实文件提出的要求;为进一步加强科研诚信建设,营造诚实守信的良好科研环境而努力。2.认真贯彻文件精神,坚持自律与监督并重,认真自查本刊在既往工作中是否存在违背科研诚信要求的行为,立即进行整改工作。     

加强编辑部诚信建设的要求

为了落实《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》,我刊特提出以下要求:1.《中国妇幼健康研究》编辑部的全体成员应认真学习文件精神,全面落实文件提出的要求;为进一步加强科研诚信建设,营造诚实守信的良好科研环境而努力。2.认真贯彻文件精神,坚持自律与监督并重,认真自查本刊在既往工作中是否存在违背科研诚信要求的行为,立即进行整改工作。     

加强编辑部诚信建设的要求

为了落实《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》,我刊特提出以下要求:1.《中国妇幼健康研究》编辑部的全体成员应认真学习文件精神,全面落实文件提出的要求;为进一步加强科研诚信建设,营造诚实守信的良好科研环境而努力。2.认真贯彻文件精神,坚持自律与监督并重,认真自查本刊在既往工作中是否存在违背科研诚信要求的行为,立即进行整改工作。     

加强编辑部诚信建设的要求

为了落实《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》,我刊特提出以下要求:1.《中国妇幼健康研究》编辑部的全体成员应认真学习文件精神,全面落实文件提出的要求;为进一步加强科研诚信建设,营造诚实守信的良好科研环境而努力。2.认真贯彻文件精神,坚持自律与监督并重,认真自查本刊在既往工作中是否存在违背科研诚信要求的行为,立即进行整改工作。     

关于印发医学科研诚信和相关行为规范的通知

正国卫科教发[2021]7号各省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团卫生健康委、科技厅(局)、中医药管理局,各医学科研机构:为全面落实党中央、国务院对科研诚信管理的部署要求,进一步加强生物医学科研诚信体制建设,规范医学科研诚信行为,强化医学科研机构科研诚信监管责任,国家卫生健康委、科技部、国家中医药管理局结合相关法律法规修订了《医学科研诚信和相关行为规范》。现印发给你们,请遵照执行。     

卫生系统开展科研诚信宣传教育活动

为加强科研诚信建设，营造自主创新良好氛围，提升医药卫生科研人员科学道德素质，卫生部决定于2010年9月-12月在医药卫生科研机构和承担科研、教学任务的医疗卫生机构组织开展科研诚信宣传、教育活动，活动的主题为“遵循诚信指南，坚守道德规范”。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.