高温对工人健康状况影响的研究

随着社会的不断发展和进步,越来越多的工人在高温环境下工作。人体为了适应温度的升高,生理功能会出现一系列的变化。这种变化是全身性的,涉及多个系统。如果这些改变超过了人体的耐受限度,就会造成急性或慢性热致疾病,从而危害人体健康。同时,高温可以加速特定传染病的传播,引发相关皮肤病,与各种有毒有害因素和社会因素协同作用,对人体健康造成严重影响。长时间在高温环境下工作,机体还会产生热适应,进一步影响人体健康。因此,高温作业造成严重的经济损失,成为社会沉重的负担,受到了社会广泛的关注。本文探讨高温环境对作业工人健康的影响,有助于预防热致性疾病,提高工作效率和工作能力。     

湿热复合创伤应激对兔生理指标影响

<正>应激可引起机体多种生理、生化指标变化,甚至造成机体代谢紊乱。为了解湿热复合创伤应激对动物生理指标的影响。本研究以兔为对象,观察高温高湿条件下创伤对兔生理指标变化的影响,探讨湿热、创伤复合条件下应激反应规律,为制订湿热环境下创伤应激干预策略、提高机体应激能力提     

热环境对工人的影响和评价

气候对人体的影响要掌握机体代谢过程和外界温度这两个基本环节。通常条件下,皮肤散热有多种渠道,机体总热量的转换是各种因素同时作用的结果。在高温下外界环境气温超过体温,人体则不能通过对流和辐射方式散热,而利用蒸发散热。借助热调节作用人体保持体温的恒定,热调节要求有关器官发挥效能但也有限度,在引起连续的体温变化气候条件下,不仅产     

高温对人体的影响

暑热盛夏,烈日炎炎,对人们的工作、学习带来很多不便。在此环境下从事繁重的劳动时,不仅产生强烈的不适感,而且由于内外诸因素综合作用的结果,人体可引起一系列生理应激反应。主要表现为体温调节、水盐代谢和心血管系统、消化系统、神经系统等方面的变化。这些变化在一定范围之内是人体对热环境的适应性反应,但如超过人体所适应的生理限度,则将影响健康。体温调节:人体的体温调节是在中枢神经系统和内分泌的控制下,通过     

新疆吐鲁番干热地区维吾尔族农民水盐代谢状况的调查

水盐平衡是维持人体生命、维持各脏器生理功能所必需的条件。热环境中机体水盐丢失可影响机体的机能活动,甚至导致疾病发生。以往水盐代谢的研究多在高温或人工气候室温条件下进行。新疆吐鲁番是我国独特的干旱、高温地区,维族居民占人口总数的72.97％。调查研究当地维族农民的水盐代谢特点对促进干旱、高温地区居民健康有极重要的意义。所以我们于1988年7～8月间进行了这一调查。     

高温环境对大鼠细胞免疫功能影响

持续较长高温对人体伤害的早期研究多为流行病学观察,致病机理研究较少.目前,高温对机体血液动力学、内分泌影响、尤其免疫功能影响越来越引起国内外学者的关注[1-2].研究高温特殊环境对机体免疫功能的影响,有助于解决高温环境下工作、训练或者军人的机体防护问题及机体创伤后的救治工作.本研究通过长期高温环境下大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的变化,探索机体免疫功能变化的可能机制.     

生产环境高温对机体损害机理及防治措施的研究

我国夏季气候炎热，影响人们的生活工作。许多高温生理的现象和本质、机体热适应机理、提高耐热能力的关键、高温慢性的胡害作用等方面的问题仍有待阐明，其中生产环境高温对机体损害机理与防治措施的研究，仍为当前国内外学者研究的热点。本题着重在热损害机理及防治措施方面进行研究。     

四川盆地夏季高温闷热特征及舒适度评价

目的 研究高温闷热天气对人们生活工作影响的特点和规律.方法 收集四川盆地2006年和1971-2000年6-8月气温和相对湿度资料,对比分析2006年夏季四川盆地主要城市成都、广元、宜宾、遂宁、达州高温闷热特征及分布特点,并应用温湿指数(THI)对成都、达州夏季高温期每日各时段的热环境及其对人体舒适度的影响进行了初步评价.结果 2006年夏季,四川盆地5个城市共有177 d高温,17次高温过程,闷热天气167 d,闷热过程12次,均属异常偏多,且中等、强高温闷热过程多,持续时间长.成都和达州的热舒适度主要表现为较热和热,舒适程度很低.结论 相对湿度对人体舒适度有一定影响,综合考虑温度和湿度评价城市热环境及人体舒适度有更好的应用价值.     

抗湿热片对湿热性热损伤大鼠体温调节的保护作用

高温高湿 (湿热 )是我国南方夏季气候的主要特征 ,也是某些高温高湿车间的环境特点 ,若湿热气象环境的变化超过了机体的适应能力或个体适应能力下降 ,均可导致热损伤(ｈｅａｔｉｎｊｕｒｙ) [1] 。在湿热条件下作业、训练、作战 ,高温高湿就成为一种重要的物理致病因素 ,湿热性热损伤即成为一类常见病、多发病。因此 ,阐明湿热性热损伤发生的病理生理基础 ,研制开发防治湿热性热损伤的药物 ,对于有关劳动卫生学研究和热损伤疾病的防治 ,都具有十分重要的意义。我们采用人工气候箱造成高温高湿 (湿热 )环境 ,制成湿热性热损伤动物模型 ,观察…     

环境与疾病——环境病因学研究中值得注意的问题

人类赖以生存的自然环境、生活环境中的许多因素综合地作用人体 ,在某些条件下可对人体健康产生有益的作用 ,在另一些条件下也会产生不良影响。人与环境之间的辩证统一关系 ,表现在机体的新陈代谢上 ,即机体与环境不断进行着物质、能量和信息的交换与转移 ,使机体与环境之间保持动态平衡。上述平衡状态 ,一旦破坏 ,即可产生对机体不良影响甚至发生疾病和死亡。在环境与疾病的预防医学研究领域中 ,多年来 ,通过病因学 (生物、化学、物理)、发病机制、预防控制措施等方面研究 ,尤其是根据病因流行病学研究结果认为 ,80 %～ 90 %的人类癌症与环…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.