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1.
胆石病家族聚集性及遗传方式的研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探索胆石病家族聚集性及遗传方式。方法 采用遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法 ,对 317个家系 ( 138个胆石病先证家系和 179个对照家系 )进行研究。结果 病例组一级亲属总的胆石病患病率为 2 .60 % ,显著高于对照组的 1.2 9% ( χ2 =4.78,P =0 .0 2 88) ;分离比为显著低于 0 .2 5 ,不符合单基因遗传疾病的特征 ;遗传度估算显示 ,该病一级亲属中 ,遗传度为2 1.80 % ,其中男性亲属的遗传度为 36.34% ,显著高于女性亲属的 14 .15 %。结论 在胆石病的病因中 ,遗传因素起一定作用 ,尤其对男性作用更为明显。  相似文献   

2.
2型糖尿病遗传病因的流行病学研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对363例2型糖尿病先证者家系及291例人群对照家系进行了以人群为基础的遗传流行病学病例-对照研究。结果显著的:糖尿病先证者一级亲属(父母、同胞、子女)的累积发病率为3.94%,对照组一级亲属1.09%,相对危险度(RR)为3.62,差异有非常显著性意义(χ2=36.54,P<0.001);无论男性或女性一级亲属,先证者组的累积发病率均非常显著地高于人群对照组;诊断时年龄<55岁先证者的一级亲属,其糖尿病累积发病率和相对危险度均显著高于诊断年龄>55岁组。二项分布显示先证者一级亲属中2型糖尿病的分布呈明显的家庭聚集性,先证者一级亲属的遗传度为40.4%(男性42.6%,女性38.6%);2型糖尿病在同胞中的分离比为0.032,显著低于0.25,不符合单基因遗传的特征。  相似文献   

3.
2型糖尿病患者遗传性病例对照研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
目的通过对2型糖尿病一级亲属患病率和遗传度的分析,探讨遗传因素在2型糖尿病中的作用。方法采用病例对照方法,选择沈阳市2所医院门诊与住院的2型糖尿病患者203例作为病例组,同期选取社区缝康人群201人作为对照组进行调查。采用χ^2检验进行统计分析,并用Falconer法计算遗传度。结果家族史是2型糖尿病的危险因素(OR=5.89);病例组一级亲属的2型糖尿病患病率为6。76%,显著高于对照组的1.27%,相对危险度为5.32(95%CI=3.54~7.99);2型糖尿病一级亲属的遗传度为56.88%。结论遗传因素在2型糖尿病的发生中起重要作用,其一级亲属对糖尿病的遗传易感性较高,是糖尿病预防和控制的重点人群。  相似文献   

4.
通过遗传流行病学病例对照方法,对宜兴市214个家系(109个脑梗塞先证家系和105个对照家系)进行分离比、多基因遗传方式和遗传度的分析。结果表明:在病例和对照家系具有良好均衡可比性的前提下,脑梗塞的分离比为0.0529,显著低于0.25,说明其不符合单基因遗传病的特征;多基因遗传方式的分析表明,其一级亲属的理论发病率为6.678%,与实际发病率8.611%相比,无统计学显著性差异,符合多基因遗传的特征;遗传度的估算显示;脑梗塞先证者的一级亲属中,遗传度为53%,其中女性亲属的遗传度达57%,显著高于男性亲属的39.4%,说明在脑梗塞病因中,遗传因素起着一定的作用,特别是对女性作用更明显  相似文献   

5.
食管癌的遗传流行病学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探讨遗传因素与食管癌的关系。方法:通过遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法,对海安县265个食管癌先证者家系和265个对照家系进行分离比、遗传度估计。结果:食管癌先证者一级亲属的发病率(5.38%)明显高于对照一级亲属的发病率(2.81%),食管癌遗传度为24.24%,分离比为0.1214,小于0.25,属多基因遗传疾病。结论:海安县食管癌的病因中,遗传因素起重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
食管癌Y型核心家系宏观遗传流行病学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 分析遗传因素在肿瘤高发区江苏省扬中市食管癌发病中的作用。方法 采取Y型核心家系设计和遗传流行病学方法,调查分析扬中市409个食管癌及其配偶家系发病情况。结果 病例组一级亲属食管癌的患病率为10.68%,高于对照组亲属的患病率4.69%,RR=2.28。分离比为0.0593,不符合单基因遗传规律,Penrose法分析提示符合多因子遗传模式。阈值模型分析一级亲属遗传度40.13%,女性遗传度44.87%,高于男性的32.78%。结论 食管癌属多基因遗传方式,遗传背景可能是食管癌的主要发病因素之一,遗传易感性因素对女性作用更明显。  相似文献   

7.
本研究运用遗传流行病学病例对照方法,对常州市349个家系(183个NIDDM先证家系和166个对照家系)进行了分离比、多基因遗传方式和遗传度的分析,以探讨遗传因素在NIDDM病因中的地位。结果表明:在病例和对照具有良好均衡可比性的前提下,NIDDM的分离比为0.083,显著低于0.25,说明其不符合单基因遗传病的特征;遗传度的估算表明,NIDDM一级亲属的遗传度为36.2%,其中男性亲属的遗传度为45.4%,高于女性亲属的36.2%,说明在NIDDM的病因中,遗传因素起着重要的作用;多基因遗传方式的分析表明,在遗传度为36.2%时,NIDDM一级亲属的理论发病率为3.98%,与实际发病率3.47%相比,无统计学显著差异(P>0.05),符合多基因遗传的特征。本次研究阐述了遗传因素在糖尿病病因中的地位,为有效地预防和控制糖尿病发生提供理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
子宫肌瘤家族聚集性及遗传方式的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探索子宫肌瘤家族聚集性及遗传方式。方法采用遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法,对274个家系(137例子宫肌瘤先证家系和137例对照家系)进行研究。结果病例组一级亲属总的子宫肌瘤患病率为1303%,显著高于对照组的802%(χ2=419,P<005);分离比为00443,远低于025,不符合单基因遗传疾病的特征;遗传度估算显示,该病一级亲属中遗传度为2584%。结论子宫肌瘤发病呈家族聚集性,在子宫肌瘤病因中,遗传因素起一定作用。  相似文献   

9.
先天性心脏病的遗传流行病学研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨先天性心脏病的遗传方式,对375例先天性心脏病进行了遗传流行病学研究,结果显示该病一级亲属患病率为6.9%,遗传度66.13%±1.13%;二级亲属患病率为1.7%,遗传度为38.25±8.3%,一、二级亲属加权平均遗传度为65.65±1.09%,遗传因素较为重要。在各级亲属患病中,患病率依次为一级亲属(6.9%)、二级亲属(1.7%)、一般群体(0.86%)。所以该病基本符合多基因遗传方式,遗传在决定先天性心脏病的易患性上起主要作用  相似文献   

10.
学生近视遗传度的分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本在1561名中小学生视力检查的基础上,对近视和非近视学生进行一级亲属近视情况的家系调查,以探讨遗传因素在近视形成中的作用。结果显示:近视组的一级亲属近视率显高于非近视组,近视遗传度为43.3%,其中轻、中度近视分别为30.6%和57.3%;11岁以前形成的近视遗传度为70.9%、12-15岁为50.8%,16岁以后为33.1%。从近视多基因遗传的遗传度特征分析,显示了微效基因的积累效应与近视  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

17.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

18.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The repeatability and validity of a questionnaire for upper limb and neck complaints were assessed in a population of 105 hospital outpatients with a range of upper limb and neck disorders (including cervical spondylosis, adhesive capsulitis, lateral epicondylitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and Raynaud's phenomenon). Subjects were asked to complete a modified Nordic-style upper limb and neck discomfort questionnaire on two occasions closely spaced in time. The repeatability of their responses was assessed by calculating a kappa coefficient (kappa), and the sensitivity and specificity of component items in the questionnaire were determined for specific diagnostic categories of upper limb and neck disorder. Symptom reports for pain in the upper limb and neck, pain interfering with physical activities, neurological symptoms and blanching were all found to be highly repeatable (kappa = 0.63-0.90). A number of regional pain reports proved to be very sensitive in relation to specific upper limb disorders, but, with the exception of reported finger blanching in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, none proved to have a good specificity (range = 0.33-0.38). We conclude that a modified Nordic-style questionnaire is repeatable and sensitive, and is likely to have a high utility in screening and surveillance. However a complementary examination schedule of adequate specificity and repeatability is essential to establish a clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   

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