四川省1666例境外输入性新型冠状病毒感染者的流行特征分析

目的 分析四川省境外输入性新型冠状病毒（简称新冠病毒）感染者的流行病学特征，为疫情防控做支撑。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2021年1月1日至2022年4月30日四川省报告的境外输入新冠肺炎感染者的个案信息、现场流行病学调查报告及实验室检测结果等。对感染者的人口学特征、病例分类、临床严重程度、入境前居住或旅行的国家或地区等特征进行整理和描述性及比较分析。结果 2021年1月1日至2022年4月30四川省累计报告境外输入性新冠病毒感染者1 666例，其中确诊病例1 010例（60.62%），无症状感染者656例（39.38%）。确诊病例中普通型622例（61.58%）；轻型388例（38.42%）；无重型、危重型病例报告，无死亡病例；报告时间集中在2022年3月17日至2022年4月30日（632例，37.94%），以男性（1 087例）、中青年（21～54岁，1 349例）感染者为主，入境前居住或旅行的国家/地区主要有埃及、柬埔寨和阿尔及利亚等国家及中国香港地区。疫苗接种率为84.06%(1 171/1 393)，接种2剂次人数占58.36%;54.08%(901例)的感...     

福州机场口岸输入性新冠病毒核酸阳性病例流行病学特征分析

目的 了解福州机场口岸境外输入新冠病毒核酸阳性者的流行学特征，为疫情防控工作提供科学依据。方法从国家疾控中心传染病报告信息管理系统及中国海关智慧卫生检疫系统，收集2020年1月25日—2021年12月31日福州口岸输入性新冠病毒核酸阳性病例个案信息，采用流行病学方法分析输入性新冠病毒核酸阳性病例的流行特征。结果 2020年1月25日—2021年12月31日，福州机场口岸累计报告境外输入新冠病毒核酸阳性305例，其中确诊病例97例，无症状感染者208例。男女比例为2.08∶1(206∶99)；年龄中位数为36岁（39 d～71岁），以21～50岁为主，248例，占81.31%；建筑工人62例，占20.33%；餐饮服务人员居多，38例，占12.46%；病例来自国家以日本（32.79%,100例）和印度尼西亚（29.51%,90例）居多；共涉及航班133条，其中发现病例超过3例的航班有25条，占18.80%，检出核酸阳性121例，占39.67%。发现方式主要是入境检疫发现，共215例，占70.49%；集中隔离点采样发现90例，占29.51%。结论 福州机场口岸的输入性新冠病毒核酸阳性病例多为...     

福建省2020—2022年4271例境外输入新冠病毒感染者流行特征

目的 分析福建省境外输入新冠病毒感染者流行特征，为防控提供经验。方法 用描述性流行病学方法，收集福建省2020年3月19日至2022年12月7日境外输入新冠感染者个案信息，分析流行特征。结果 福建省报告输入新冠感染者4 271例，其中确诊病例占71.7%(3 062例)、无症状感染者占28.3%(1 209例)；男女比为1.9∶1.0,18～44岁组占57.1%(2 437例)；职业分布居前3位为工人25.5%(1 087例)、家务/待业(23.3%,997例)、商业/公共卫生服务(21.8%,932例)；报告地市中，厦门市(74.3%,3 174例)与福州市(21.0%,897例)是报告感染者主要口岸；新增感染数呈波动上升，高峰为2022年11月；感染者通过入境检疫发现的占56.2%(2 400例)、集中隔离发现占42.4%(1 811例)，2022年2月后入境检疫发现者占60.6%(1 821例)。入境-首次核酸阳性采样时间间隔中位数为0d(0～3d),51.8%感染者(2 211例)入境当日采样即核酸阳性，90.9%感染者(3 882例)7d内即被检出，3.8%感染者(163例)...     

湖南省境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎感染者流行特征分析

目的分析2020年3月20日—2021年3月3日湖南省报告的境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)感染者的流行特征,为湖南省新冠肺炎外防输入工作提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2020年3月20日—2021年3月3日湖南省报告的境外输入新冠肺炎感染者资料,结合现场流行病学调查报告,对感染者的人口学特征、病例分类、临床表现、发病时间、来源国家、发现途径、发现时间等流行特征进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2020年3月20日—2021月3月3日,湖南省共报告88例境外输入新冠肺炎感染者(70例无症状感染者,18例确诊病例),均未导致本地疫情传播。绝大多数感染者经湖南省主动核酸检测筛查境外人员发现(共85例,占96.59%),入境后第2 d报告核酸阳性结果(共46例,占52.27%),入境后第14 d以上报告核酸阳性结果的7例(占7.95%)。18例确诊病例临床严重程度均为普通型,其中17例由无症状感染者转归而来,报告当天即转为确诊的占绝大多数(共12例,占70.59%)。88例感染者中共有7例复阳,复阳率为7.95%,复阳主要发生在出院后一个月内。结论主动核酸检测筛查境外人员是发现境外输入新冠肺炎感染者的主要途径,应严格落实核酸检测健康管理措施。确诊病例绝大部分由无症状感染者转归而来,应在发现无症状感染者时立即转运至定点医院隔离。做好对出院患者在出院后一个月内的健康管理和核酸检测工作至关重要。     

我国输入性新型冠状病毒感染者核酸检测阳性的时间分布特征

目的分析全国报告的输入性新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)感染者核酸首次阳性的时间分布特征, 为进一步完善入境人员的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集2020年7月24日至2021年7月23日各省报告的输入性新冠病毒感染者资料, 对入境后核酸首次阳性的时间分布特征进行分析。结果 2020年7月24日至2021年7月23日全国28个省份共报告7 199例输入性新冠病毒感染者, 从入境至核酸首次阳性的时间间隔M(Q1, Q3)为1(0, 5)d。在输入性新冠病毒感染者中, 入境14 d内和14 d后核酸首次阳性者分别占95.15%(6 850/7 199)和4.85%(349/7 199), 入境15～21 d内、22～28 d内和28 d后核酸首次阳性者分别占3.65%(263/7 199)、0.88%(63/7 199)和0.32%(23/7 199)。在入境14 d内和14 d后核酸首次阳性者中, 无症状感染者分别占47.24%(3 236/6 850)和63.61%(222/349)。39.54%(138/349)的入境14 d后核酸首次阳性者在入境地解除集中隔离后存在跨省流...     

新型冠状病毒疫苗接种对成都市境外输入病例流行病学及临床特征的影响分析

目的 分析新型冠状病毒（新冠病毒）疫苗接种对成都市境外输入病例流行病学及临床特征的影响,为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控提供参考依据。方法 截至2021年4月15日,经成都市入境的新冠病毒感染病例,根据新冠病毒疫苗接种史被分为疫苗接种组和疫苗未接种组。回顾性收集和分析病例的流行病学及临床特征资料。实验室检测项目包括新冠病毒核酸检测、临床指标、血清抗体和淋巴细胞检测。采用WPS 2019软件整理数据,采用R 4.0.3软件进行统计学分析。结果 75例新冠病毒感染病例包括疫苗接种组20例（出现临床症状4例）和疫苗未接种组55例（出现临床症状16例）。疫苗接种组的首针接种时间分布为2020年7-11月,其中接种2剂次疫苗采用一次性接种方式有10例,采取2次间隔接种方式有10例,2次接种间隔14~57 d,完成疫苗接种与发病时间间隔87~224 d。两组病例的分类和临床分型的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中,疫苗接种组病例分类为无症状感染者的比例较高（40.00%,8/20）,而疫苗未接种组的临床分型以普通型的比例较高（76.36%,42/55）。两组病例的新冠病毒核酸检测2个靶标（ORF1ab和N基因）Ct值、淋巴细胞亚型、降钙素原及C反应蛋白的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,疫苗接种组的血清淀粉样蛋白A水平低于疫苗未接种组（P<0.05）,但新冠病毒血清抗体IgM、IgG及总抗体水平均明显高于疫苗未接种组（P<0.05）。结论 新冠病毒疫苗接种后,仍存在感染的风险,但新冠病毒侵入人体后,体内可迅速产生特异性IgM和IgG抗体,对感染者产生一定保护作用,已接种新冠病毒疫苗的病例分类以无症状感染者为主。     

河南省新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者临床症状影响因素分析

  目的  分析河南省新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者临床症状的影响因素,指导疫情防控。  方法  将河南省安阳市2022年1月本土Omicron感染者作为研究对象,收集其流行病学调查、实验室检测等信息,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。  结果  共报告468例感染者,其中重型2例(0.4%),无死亡病例,具有临床症状的90例(19.2%);38例(8.1%)未接种或未全程接种新型冠状病毒(简称新冠)疫苗,92例(19.7%)完成全程接种新冠疫苗超过6个月(含完成加强接种在28 d内),338例(72.2%)完成全程接种新冠疫苗在6个月内或完成加强接种超过28 d。有症状的病例中女性构成比高于男性(χ2=4.270,P=0.039);全程接种在6个月内的比例低于无症状的病例(χ2=9.882,P=0.007)。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,全程接种在6个月内及完成加强接种超过28 d是出现症状的保护因素(OR=0.455, 95% CI: 0.212~0.978, P=0.044)。  结论  对于Omicron,全程接种新冠疫苗在6个月内及加强接种可以减少或减轻症状,应持续推进疫苗接种工作。     

河南省境外输入新型冠状病毒感染病例流行病学特征分析

目的 分析河南省境外输入新型冠状病毒感染(简称新冠感染)病例的流行病学特征,指导疫情防控。方法 将河南省境外输入新冠感染病例作为研究对象,收集其流行病学、实验室检测等信息,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 截至2022年3月14日,河南省共报告新冠感染境外输入感染者752例,入境人员罹患率为1.20%。确诊病例196例(26.06%),无症状感染者556例(73.94%);轻型105例,占确诊病例的53.57%,普通型91例,占确诊病例的46.43%,无重型和死亡病例;初筛阳性ORF1ab基因Ct值M(P₂₅,P₇₅)为34.15(24.08,37.09),N基因Ct值M(P₂₅,P₇₅)为34.19(24.04,36.75);入境到首次检出阳性时间间隔M(P₂₅,P₇₅)为0(0,2)d,入境超14 d首次检测阳性的共20例(2.93%),其中18例入境解除隔离后存在跨省活动;境外输入病例复阳率为1.99%,复阳病例未造成二代病例;2022年境外输入疫...     

成都市新冠病毒既往感染者重复感染Omicron变异株情况分析

目的 了解新冠病毒既往感染者重复感染Omicron变异株情况,为新冠病毒重复感染防控策略提供参考。方法 以2022年2—9月成都市5轮本土疫情涉及的2 567例感染者为调查对象,于2022年12月18—22日进行电话随访调查,内容主要包括感染者基本人口学特征、近1个月内核酸及抗原检测情况、临床表现等。通过四川省免疫规划信息管理系统查询感染者新冠病毒疫苗接种情况。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行不同特征人群重复感染率分析。结果 2 263例既往感染者完成调查,应答率为88.16%。男性占44.68%,女性占55.32%;年龄最小1月龄,最大90岁,平均年龄（34.88±19.22）岁;初次感染以轻型病例（61.82%）和无症状感染者（31.64%）居多。接种3剂次疫苗者占55.86%,接种2剂次疫苗者占29.56%,初次感染毒株主要为Omicron BA.2分支（98.89%）,2022年11—12月高峰感染疫情之前未报告新冠病毒重复感染者。在流行毒株为BA.5.2高峰感染疫情中重复感染197例,重复感染率为8.71%,时间间隔M(P25～P75)为98(93～104)d;其中193例...     

云南省德宏州2020—2021年新冠肺炎流行特征分析

目的 了解云南省德宏州新冠肺炎感染情况，分析常态化疫情防控下新冠肺炎的流行特征，为下一步更好地防控疫情提供参考。方法 从中国疾病预防控制传染病监测系统下载2020—2021年云南省德宏州报告的新冠肺炎个案数据，采用描述性流行病学方法描述新冠肺炎病例的三间分布特征。结果 2020—2021年德宏州辖区医疗机构累计报告新冠病毒感染者（包含确诊病例和无症状感染者）1 348例，无死亡病例。其中确诊病例1 176例，占云南省64.72%，以境外输入为主，占75.00%；临床分型中轻型和普通型分别占51.11%和47.28%；报告无症状感染者172例。累计报告聚集性/暴发疫情14起，由缅甸疫情输入导致本地感染暴发的疫情12起，占85.71%；省外输入2起，占14.29%。全年均有感染者，无明显季节性；地区分布以瑞丽市报告数最多，占93.99%;16～40岁感染者占79.90%，男女性别比为2.28∶1；境外输入感染者以户籍地为其他省籍人员最多，821例，占86.51%；本地感染者以德宏州籍人员最多，180例，占45.11%。截至2022年2月3日，所有病例全部治愈出院，治愈时间中位数为21.04...     

北京市新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株的传播力研究

目的 评估新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株在北京市现有防控措施下的传播力,为做好疫情防控工作提供参考依据。方法 收集北京市2022年3月7-25日报告的78例具有明确传播链的Omicron变异株感染者信息,分别采用Gamma和Weibull分布拟合潜伏期和序列间隔时间,使用马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗算法估计实时再生数（R_t）。结果 Omicron变异株感染者潜伏期M（Q₁,Q₃）为4.0（3.0,6.0）d,序列间隔时间3.0（2.0,5.0）d,序列间隔时间在未完成和已完成全程疫苗接种感染者中M（Q₁,Q₃）分别为2.0（1.0,4.0）d和4.0（2.0,6.0）d（Z=-2.12,P=0.034）,儿童和成年人感染者分别为2.0（1.5,3.0）d和4.0（2.0,6.0）d（Z=-2.02,P=0.044）,差异均有统计学意义。本轮疫情R_t初始值为4.98（95%CI： 2.22~9.04）。结论 与既往Delta变异株相比,北京市Omicron变异株的传播力较强,应持续做好常态化疫情防控和新型冠状病毒疫苗接种工作,关注儿童易感人群。     

Short-term safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines with respect to all-cause mortality in the older population in Norway

BackgroundThere have been concerns about COVID-19 vaccination safety among frail older individuals. We investigated the relationship between COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and mortality among individuals aged ≥ 70 years and whether mortality varies across four groups of health services used.MethodsIn this nationwide cohort study, we included 688,152 individuals aged ≥ 70 years at the start of the Norwegian vaccination campaign (December 27, 2020). We collected individual-level data from the Norwegian Emergency Preparedness Register for COVID-19. Vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were matched (1:1 ratio) on the date of vaccination based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The main outcome was all-cause mortality during 21 days after first dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Kaplan-Meier survival functions were estimated for the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. We used Cox proportional-hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), overall and by use of health services (none, home-based, short- and long-term nursing homes) and age group.ResultsBetween December 27, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 420,771 older individuals (61.1%) were vaccinated against COVID-19. The Kaplan-Meier estimates based on the matched study sample showed a small absolute risk difference in all-cause mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with a lower mortality in the vaccinated group (overall HR 0.28 [95% CI: 0.24–0.31]). Similar results were obtained in analyses stratified by use of health services and age group.ConclusionWe found no evidence of increased short-term mortality among vaccinated individuals in the older population after matching on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics affecting vaccination and mortality.     

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination during June–October 2021: A multi-site prospective study

IntroductionVaccine hesitancy presents a challenge to COVID-19 control efforts. To identify beliefs associated with delayed vaccine uptake, we developed and implemented a vaccine hesitancy survey for the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership.MethodsIn June 2021, we assessed attitudes and beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccination using an online survey. Self-reported vaccination data were requested daily through October 2021. We compared responses between vaccinated and unvaccinated respondents using absolute standardized mean differences (ASMD). We assessed validity and reliability using exploratory factor analysis and identified latent factors associated with a subset of survey items. Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses assessed predictors of subsequent vaccination among those initially unvaccinated.ResultsIn June 2021, 29,522 vaccinated and 1,272 unvaccinated participants completed surveys. Among those unvaccinated in June 2021, 559 (43.9 %) became vaccinated by October 31, 2021. In June, unvaccinated participants were less likely to feel “very concerned” about getting COVID-19 than vaccinated participants (10.6 % vs. 43.3 %, ASMD 0.792). Among those initially unvaccinated, greater intent to become vaccinated was associated with getting vaccinated and shorter time to vaccination. However, even among participants who reported no intention to become vaccinated, 28.5 % reported vaccination before study end. Two latent factors predicted subsequent vaccination—being ‘more receptive’ was derived from motivation to protect one’s own or others’ health and resume usual activities; being ‘less receptive’ was derived from concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. In a Cox model, both factors were partially mediated by vaccination intention.ConclusionThis study characterizes vaccine hesitant individuals and identifies predictors of eventual COVID-19 vaccination through October 31, 2021. Even individuals with no intention to be vaccinated can shift to vaccine uptake. Our data suggest factors of perceived severity of COVID-19 disease, vaccine safety, and trust in the vaccine development process are predictive of vaccination and may be important opportunities for ongoing interventions.     

上海市新型冠状病毒肺炎早期境外输入病例流行特征及防控措施分析

目的 分析上海市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）早期境外输入病例流行特征及防控措施,为输入性疫情的防控工作提供参考依据。方法 资料来源于全国传染病报告信息管理系统截至2020年3月30日上海市COVID-19境外输入病例数据及上海市各级CDC流行病学调查报告,相关防控措施信息来源于政府相关部门官网及发布平台。采用EpiData 3.1、Excel 2019和SAS 9.4软件进行数据整理与统计学分析。结果 截至2020年3月30日,上海市累计报告境外输入病例171例（确诊病例170例,无症状感染者1例）。其中,中国籍122例（71.3%,122/171）,外籍49例（28.7%,49/171）;年龄中位数为23（P₂₅,P₇₅：18,35）岁,男女性别比为1.3∶1,学生占56.6%（97/171）;入境前发病者占45.6%（78/171）;临床分型为轻/普通型病例占96.5%（165/171）,中国籍和外籍病例的临床分型差异无统计学意义。流行曲线按确诊日期于3月24日达到峰值,随着防控措施“口岸联防联控机制闭环管理模式”落实,病例数逐渐下降。171例病例来源国主要为英国（37.3%,64例）、美国（18.6%,32例）、法国（11.0%,19例）和意大利（9.4%,16例）等24个国家及地区。需中转至国内21个省（自治区、直辖市）的病例占40.4%（69/171）。病例发现方式主要为海关检疫和社区留验点,分别占43.9%（75/171）和31.0%（53/171）。结论 上海市COVID-19早期境外输入病例以年轻人和学生为主,各国输入风险与其疫情严重程度基本一致。“口岸联防联控机制闭环管理模式”对境外输入病例的发现及管理效果明显。     

Change in COVID19 outbreak pattern following vaccination in long-term care facilities in Flanders,Belgium

IntroductionLong term care facilities for elderly (LTCFs) in Europe encountered a high disease burden at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, these facilities were the first to receive COVID-19 vaccines in many European countries. A limited COVID-19 vaccine supply early 2021 resulted in a majority of residents and healthcare workers (HCWs) in LTCFs being vaccinated compared to a minority in the general population. This study exploits this imbalance to assess the efficiency of COVID-19 vaccination in containing outbreaks in LTCFs.MethodsExploratory statistics were performed using data from a COVID-19 surveillance system covering all 842 LTCFs in Flanders (the northern region of Belgium). The number and size of COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCFs were compared (1) before and after introducing vaccines and (2) with the status of the pandemic in the general population. Based on individual data from 15 LTCFs, the infection rate and symptoms of vaccinated and unvaccinated residents and HCWs were compared during a COVID-19 outbreak.Results95.8% of the residents and 90.9% of the HCWs in Flemish LTCFs were vaccinated before May 30, 2021. Before vaccine introduction, residents in LTCFs were 10 times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than the general population of Flanders. This ratio reversed after vaccination. Furthermore, after vaccination fewer and shorter outbreaks were observed involving fewer residents. During these outbreaks, vaccinated and unvaccinated residents were equally likely to test positive, but positive vaccinated residents were less likely to develop severe symptoms. In contrast, unvaccinated HCWs were more likely to test positive.ConclusionIn the first half of 2021, two-dose vaccination was highly efficient in preventing and containing outbreaks in LTCFs, reducing COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. The high likelihood of unvaccinated HCWs to be involved in COVID-19 outbreaks in vaccinated LTCFs emphasizes the importance of vaccinating HCWs.     

Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 related hospital admission in the Netherlands: A test-negative case-control study

IntroductionReal-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates are essential to identify potential groups at higher risk of break-through infections and to guide policy. We assessed the VE of COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19 hospitalization, while adjusting and stratifying for patient characteristics.MethodsWe performed a test-negative case-control study in six Dutch hospitals. The study population consisted of adults eligible for COVID-19 vaccination hospitalized between May 1 and June 28, 2021 with respiratory symptoms. Cases were defined as patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR during the first 48 h of admission or within 14 days prior to hospital admission. Controls were patients tested negative at admission and did not have a positive test during the 2 weeks prior to hospitalization. VE was calculated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for calendar week, sex, age, comorbidity and nursing home residency. Subgroup analysis was performed for age, sex and different comorbidities. Secondary endpoints were ICU-admission and mortality.Results379 cases and 255 controls were included of whom 157 (18%) were vaccinated prior to admission. Five cases (1%) and 40 controls (16%) were fully vaccinated (VE: 93%; 95% CI: 81 – 98), and 40 cases (11%) and 70 controls (27%) were partially vaccinated (VE: 70%; 95% CI: 50–82). A strongly protective effect of vaccination was found in all comorbidity subgroups. No ICU-admission or mortality were reported among fully vaccinated cases. Of unvaccinated cases, mortality was 10% and 19% was admitted at the ICU.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination provides a strong protective effect against COVID-19 related hospital admission, in patients with and without comorbidity.     

SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among vaccinated and unvaccinated household members during the Alpha variant surge – Denver,Colorado, and San Diego,California, January–April 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. However, evidence is emerging on the degree of protection across variants and in high-transmission settings. To better understand the protection afforded by vaccination specifically in a high-transmission setting, we examined household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during a period of high community incidence with predominant SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant, among vaccinated and unvaccinated contacts.MethodsWe conducted a household transmission investigation in San Diego County, California, and Denver, Colorado, during January-April 2021. Households were enrolled if they had at least one person with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs, blood, demographic information, and vaccination history from all consenting household members. We compared infection risks (IRs), RT-PCR cycle threshold values, SARS-CoV-2 culture results, and antibody statuses among vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts.ResultsWe enrolled 493 individuals from 138 households. The SARS-CoV-2 variant was identified from 121/138 households (88%). The most common variants were Alpha (75/121, 62%) and Epsilon (19/121, 16%). There were no households with discordant lineages among household members. One fully vaccinated secondary case was symptomatic (13%); the other 5 were asymptomatic (87%). Among unvaccinated secondary cases, 105/108 (97%) were symptomatic. Among 127 households with a single primary case, the IR for household contacts was 45% (146/322; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 40–51%). The observed IR was higher in unvaccinated (130/257, 49%, 95% CI 45–57%) than fully vaccinated contacts (6/26, 23%, 95% CI 11–42%). A lower proportion of households with a fully vaccinated primary case had secondary cases (1/5, 20%) than households with an unvaccinated primary case (66/108, 62%).ConclusionsAlthough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated household contacts were reported in this high transmission setting, full vaccination protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings further support the protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight the need for ongoing vaccination among eligible persons.     

COVID-19 vaccination coverage in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – A cross-sectional study in Hungary

IntroductionCoronavirus infection is a particular risk for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), because they are much more likely to become severely ill due to oxygen supply problems. Primary prevention, including COVID-19 vaccination is of paramount importance in this disease group. The aim of our study was to assess COVID-19 vaccination coverage in COPD patients during the first vaccination campaign of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study (CHANCE) has been conducted in COPD patients in the eastern, western and central regions of Hungary from 15th November 2021. The anthropometric, respiratory function test results and vaccination status of 1,511 randomly selected patients were recorded who were aged 35 years and older.ResultsThe median age was 67 (61–72) years, for men: 67 (62–73) and for women: 66 (60–72) years, with 47.98 % men and 52.02 % women in our sample. The prevalence of vaccination coverage for the first COVID-19 vaccine dose was 88.62 %, whereas 86.57 % of the patients received the second vaccine dose. When unvaccinated (n = 172) and double vaccinated (n = 1308) patients were compared, the difference was significant both in quality of life (CAT: 17 (12–23) vs 14 (10–19); p < 0.001) and severity of dyspnea (mMRC: 2 (2–2) vs 2 (1–2); p = 0.048). The COVID-19 infection rate between double vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was 1.61 % vs 22.67 %; p < 0.001 six months after vaccination. The difference between unvaccinated and vaccinated patients was significant (8.14 % vs 0.08 %; p < 0.001) among those with acute COVID-19 infection hospitalized. In terms of post-COVID symptoms, single or double vaccinated patients had significantly fewer outpatient hospital admissions than unvaccinated patients (7.56 vs 0 %; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe COVID-19 vaccination coverage was satisfactory in our sample. The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines by patients with COPD is of utmost importance because they are much more likely to develop severe complications.     

32例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者流行病学和临床特征分析

 目的 探讨武汉外新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称为新冠肺炎）患者流行病学和主要临床特征。方法 收集2020年1月22日—2月28日在某院收治的新冠肺炎确诊病例资料,详细询问患者接触史,比较输入病例与本地病例的临床特征以及实验室检测、影像学检查结果。结果 共纳入32例新冠肺炎确诊患者,包括14例（43.75%）输入病例和18例（56.25%）本地病例。27例（84.38%）患者具有明确的接触史,5例（15.62%）患者接触史不明。家庭聚集（66.67%）为主要传播途径。患者年龄中位数为42（32.5,50.5）岁,女性19例（59.37%）。首发症状主要为干咳（23例,71.88%）、发热（16例,50.00%）和咳痰（13例,40.63%）。潜伏期中位数为6.5（0,9）d,首发症状到确诊中位数为7（4.5,9）d,确诊到出院中位数为12（9,16）d。实验室异常指标包括白细胞计数、淋巴细胞绝对计数、清蛋白、CD4⁺和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数降低,C反应蛋白、D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原增高。81.25%（26例）患者肺部双侧受累。输入病例和本地病例的淋巴细胞绝对计数差异具有统计学意义（P=0.044）,其他实验室检查结果无差异（均P>0.05）。32例患者均已治愈出院。结论 该市新冠肺炎疫情处于低流行,主要表现为家庭聚集性传播,输入病例和本地病例的临床特征差异不明显。