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1.
欧洲营养风险筛查方法在消化内科住院病人的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的:调查李惠利医院消化内科住院病人营养风险、营养不良和营养支持应用情况。方法:应用欧洲营养风险筛查(NRS2002)方法,采用定点连续抽样,对消化内科205例住院病人进行营养风险筛查,统计营养不良、营养风险发生率和营养支持率。结果:消化内科病人入院时营养不良的发生率为20%。营养风险发生率为32.7%。入院2周(或2周内出院时)营养支持率为8.7%。结论:NRS2002应用于消化内科住院病人是可行的。消化内科住院病人的营养不良率和营养风险发生率较高。  相似文献   

2.
住院老年病人营养不良及其对并发症的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
目的:了解上海地区住院老年病人营养不良的发生率及其对并发症的影响.方法:采用微型营养评估方法(MNA),结合实验室检查、膳食营养素摄入量、临床并发症,对上海市四所医院60岁以上615例住院老年病人进行调查分析.结果:住院老年病人营养不良平均患病率为20.3%,贫血及低清蛋白血症平均发生率分别为41.5%及57.2%.营养不良病人的能量、蛋白质及大多数微量营养素摄入量显著低于营养状况良好者(P<0.05),感染及脏器功能衰竭并发症增加.结论:住院老年病人营养不良发生率、贫血、低清蛋白血症患病率较高,营养不良对临床结局有不良影响.  相似文献   

3.
目的:了解住院病人低ALB血症与住院周期的关系. 方法:采用回顾性调查的方法,对上海市四所医院1435例住院病人病历资料进行回顾性分析. 结果:住院病人入院时低ALB血症患病率为28.4%,病人平均住院时间为2~98(24.48±14.55)d,低ALB组病人住院时间明显长于ALB正常组(P<0.01).相关分析表明,病人住院周期与低ALB血症呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与年龄呈正相关(P<0.01).Logistic线性回归分析显示,年龄和低ALB血症是延长住院周期的危险因素.回归方程式LOH(d)=28.243+0.096×AGE-2.567×ALB,病人年龄每增加1岁,住院周期延长0.096 d,血清ALB每减少10 g/L,住院周期延长2.567 d. 结论:低ALB血症可反映疾病的严重程度,年龄和低ALB血症是延长住院周期的危险因素,尤其是老年病人,更要及时纠正低ALB血症.  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨神经内科患者营养不良风险和实际营养支持情况,为制定营养支持方案提供依据。方法:采用营养风险筛查方法(Nutritional Risk Screening2002,NRS2002)对神经内科患者的645例新住院病人进行测评,并在住院2周以后(住院时间不满2周者则在出院时)查阅病历调查其营养支持状况。结果:本组645例新入院病人中,营养不良风险的发生率为33.95%,但实际应用营养支持率为7.76%。结论:住院病人营养不良风险发生率高,但实际营养支持情况不理想,加强住院营养支持工作力度十分必要,以促进病人康复。  相似文献   

5.
1200例住院病人营养状况调查和分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:调查部分科室住院病人人院时的营养状况,为存在营养不良及营养不良风险的病人及时接受营养支持治疗提供参考依据.方法:按入院时间顺序,对消化科、神经内科、肾脏科、呼吸科、心胸外科和普通外科各选择200例病人,采用欧洲营养不良风险排查表(NRS)进行营养不良风险和全面营养状况评估,统计总体营养不良及存在营养不良风险发生率.结果:不同专科病人入院时营养不良的发生率为7.5%~59%.而存在营养不良的风险为36%~72%.结论:住院病人因疾病及其严重程度不同,营养不良的发生率和特点亦不同,NRS可评估住院病人的营养不良和营养不良风险.  相似文献   

6.
目的:调查普通外科住院病人营养风险、营养不良和营养支持应用情况.方法:采用营养风险筛查方法(NRS2002)对普通外科625例住院病人进行营养风险筛查,统计营养不良、营养风险发生率和营养支持率,并调查病人2周内(或至出院时)的营养支持状况.结果:NRS2002完全适用率为92.5%,营养不良发生率为15.5%,营养风险...  相似文献   

7.
目的 比较中国西部两县早产/低出生体重儿与正常足月儿的营养不良发生情况,分析营养不良影响因素。方法 从中国西部陕西省和重庆市符合研究条件的农业县中随机抽取到两个样本县,于2010年9-11月对两县6~36月龄472例早产/低出生体重儿和461例正常足月儿的喂养和生长发育情况进行调查。用SPSS 19.0统计软件对相关数据进行常规统计分析,此外应用MlwiN 2.25软件进行多水平Logistic模型分析。结果 本研究中早产/低出生体重儿组(简称早产组)与正常足月儿组(简称足月组)营养不良患病率分别为22.0%和10.0%(P<0.01),其中生长迟缓患病率两组分别为18.4%和8.9%(P<0.01),低体重患病率两组分别为4.9%和3.0%(P>0.05),消瘦患病率两组分别为2.8%和1.1%(P>0.05)。多水平Logistic回归结果显示,小儿出生类别为早产/低出生体重儿、小儿年龄大、喂养指数不合格、偏食和贫血是小儿营养不良发生的危险因素,OR值分别为1.612、1.027、3.089、2.077及2.001。 结论 中国西部早产/低出生体重儿营养不良患病率高于正常足月儿,主要表现在身长增长不良;抚养人的不正确喂养实践是营养不良的主要影响因素。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解山西省寿阳县中小学学生常见病状况,为制定预防措施提供科学依据。方法根据学校健康检查技术要求中的学生常见病调查方法及判定标准进行调查与分析。结果在调查的22 217名学生中,视力低下、龋齿、沙眼、营养不良、肥胖及其他疾病的患病人数分别为11 667人、4692人、69人、1674人、4443人和94人;患病率分别为52.51%、21.12%、0.31%、7.53%、20.00%和0.42%。男生和女生的视力低下患病率分别为50.17%和54.94%;龋齿患病率分别为20.24%和22.03%;营养不良患病率分别为6.80%和8.30%;肥胖患病率分别为22.13%和17.79%;中、小学生的视力低下患病率分别为65.65%和40.37%;龋齿患病率分别为8.91%和32.38%;营养不良患病率分别为8.50%和6.64%;肥胖患病率分别为18.74%和21.16%。结论寿阳县中小学生常见病患病率较高的疾病主要有:视力低下、龋齿、肥胖、营养不良等,应加强中小学生的健康教育,在群体教育的基础上,针对患病率高的疾病给予重点干预。  相似文献   

9.
目的:调查中国住院病人营养状况,探索发生营养不良及影响住院时间(LOS)的危险因素。方法:通过参加"世界营养日"活动,以问卷形式收集2018年11月15日全国11家医院住院病人的营养相关状况,30 d后随访病人临床结局。结果:我国住院病人营养不良及营养风险发生率分别为11.6%、20.7%。存在营养不良/营养风险者有59.7%获得营养干预,而营养良好者仅21.9%获得营养干预。曾入住ICU的病人营养不良/营养风险发生率53.4%,LOS 15.5 (10.0~26.0) d均显著高于未曾入住ICU者30.6%,LOS 10.0 (6.0~16.0) d,P0.001。曾入住ICU、住院期间计划手术、活动力差、入院前1周饮食量减少、近3月体质量下降是营养不良/营养风险的危险因素;男性、营养状况差、住院期间行手术治疗、曾入住ICU、调查当天饮食量减少、近3月体质量下降是LOS延长的危险因素。结论:我国住院病人营养不良/营养风险的发生率较高,但国内营养支持治疗逐年规范。曾入住ICU、饮食量减少、近3月体质量下降是营养不良/营养风险及病人住院时间延长的危险因素。  相似文献   

10.
辽宁省5岁以下儿童营养不良调查   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
1992年6月1日~7月15日,辽宁省妇幼保健系统对5个市的城乡、集体和散居40826例5岁以下儿童采用分层随机抽样方法进行了营养不良调查。结果中重度低体重、消瘦、发育迟缓3种表现类型的营养不良患病率分别为1.8%、1.8%、5.1%;各年龄组3种类型患病率间有极显著性差异(P<0.01);小年龄组患病率高于大年龄组;农村患病率高于城市。  相似文献   

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12.
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is prevalent in elderly populations. Recommended methods of nutritional screening are often too complicated and time-consuming for routine application in frail, very old, hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to identify risk factors for development of malnutrition in very old hospitalized patients and to evaluate the total Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score and MNA subscores as predictors of in-hospital and long-term mortality. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of patients aged > or =75 y was conducted in a geriatric hospital. Assessment included demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and cognitive, functional, and nutritional status. Follow-up was conducted for < or =2.7 y. RESULTS: Of the 414 patients studied, only 73 (17.6%) were well-nourished. Low serum albumin and phosphorus concentrations, dementia, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) were significant risk factors for malnutrition. Survival was significantly lower in malnourished patients and patients at risk of malnutrition than in well-nourished patients (P < 0.0001). Low MNA-3 subscores (dietary habits) were significantly correlated with laboratory indexes of malnutrition and were significantly lower in patients with infections, malignancy, pressure ulcers, dementia, recent orthopedic surgery, and CVA. Multivariate analysis showed that a low MNA-3 score was an independent predictor of mortality; scores <7.5 increased the risk of death 2.05-fold. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malnutrition was high in elderly hospitalized patients. Dietary habits were significant predictors of poor hospitalization outcome. A questionnaire on dietary habits can serve as a useful tool in assessing nutritional status and prognosis in elderly patients.  相似文献   

13.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe and compare structural and process indicators of nutritional care in Austrian hospitals and nursing homes.MethodsA multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed using a standardized and tested questionnaire. Data were collected on patient and institutional levels of hospitals and nursing homes.ResultsData from 18 Austrian hospitals (n = 2326 patients) and 18 Austrian nursing homes (n = 1487 residents) were collected. The prevalence of malnutrition was 23.2% in hospitals and 26.2% in nursing homes. All hospitals and 83.3% of the nursing homes employed dietitians. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition were used infrequently. Nutritional screening at admission was performed in 62.6% of the hospitalized patients and 93.4% of the nursing home residents. Nutritional screening tools were used in 28.9% of the nursing home residents and 14.5% of the hospitalized patients. Oral nutritional support was preferred to enteral and parenteral nutrition in the two settings. Dietitians were consulted in 27.5% of the malnourished hospitalized patients and 74.7% of the malnourished nursing home residents.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that nursing homes fulfilled more structural indicators and performed nutritional screening at admission more often than hospitals. Nevertheless, the prevalence of malnutrition was high in the two settings and a substantial number of malnourished patients/residents received no nutritional intervention at all. These results show the necessity for improvements in the nutritional care in Austria, for instance, through the routine use of nutritional screening tools followed by tailored nutritional interventions in patients/residents in need.  相似文献   

14.
[目的]了解龙岩市城区学生常见病患病状况及变化趋势,为开展学生常见病防治工作提供参考。[方法]对1992年、1997年、2002年、2007年龙岩市城区6~19岁学生健康监测资料中视力低下、龋齿、营养不良、肥胖等患病资料进行分析。[结果]1992年、1997年、2002年、2007年合计检测36 268名中小学生,平均视力低下率为58.30%(4年分别为49.98%、55.51%、61.33%、64.98%),龋患率为27.96%(4年分别为37.87%、23.80%、25.12%、25.93%),营养不良率为28.00%(4年分别为30.24%、24.61%、26.74%、30.23%),肥胖率为5.16%(4年分别为2.56%、4.53%、6.61%、6.61%)。视力低下逐年上升,龋患率呈下降趋势,营养不良率上下波动,肥胖率呈上升趋势。[结论]视力低下与肥胖是龙岩市城区中小学生的重要卫生问题。  相似文献   

15.
Current nutritional care provision to 1905 patients hospitalized in 12 Cuban hospitals is presented in this article, diagnosed after conducting the Hospital Nutrition Survey (HNS), as part of the activities comprising the Cuban Study of Hospital Malnutrition (Elan-Cuba). The obtained HNS results were contrasted with standards regarding the nutritional assessment of hospitalized patient, the diagnosis of nutritional disorders occurring in the patient, and the identification of patients in need of nutritional intervention. The Elan-Cuba Study returned a 41.2% malnutrition rate [Barreto Penié J, Cuban Group for the Study of Hospital Malnutrition. State of malnutrition in Cuban hospitals. Nutrition 2005;21:487-97]. However, malnutrition was recorded as an independent diagnosis in only 0.4% of the surveyed clinical charts. It could not be shown that medical care teams were systematically applying any of the techniques and procedures recommended for the assessment of the nutritional status of hospitalized patients. In the best of the cases, only 40.6% of the surveyed patients had their height and weight recorded in their clinical charts at admission, 9.0% of those with more than 15 days of hospitalization had a prospective value of weight, and less than 20.0% of them had their serum albumin levels and/or their counts of Lymphocytes annotated on their clinical charts. Although 10.9% of the surveyed patients (median of the subcategories values; range: 3.5-41.2%) fulfilled an indication for nutritional intervention, support (enteral and/or parenteral) was only provided to less than 15.0% of them, with the exception made of patients on NPO, of whom 32.3% received either of the two modes of artificial nutrition listed above. It is to be noticed that none of the patients with chronic organic failure were on nutritional support at the time of the survey. The current nutritional care provision to the hospitalized patient might explain the increased rates of hospital malnutrition documented in the Elan-Cuba Study, and should lead to the design and urgent implementation of nutritional and metabolic intervention programs in the surveyed hospitals, given the deleterious effects of nutritional disorders upon the ultimate results of the medical and surgical actions, and the quality and costs of medical care.  相似文献   

16.
Assessment of nutritional status on hospital admission: nutritional scores   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Malnutrition is still a largely unrecognized problem in hospitals. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is generally related to increasing morbidity and mortality, and costs and length of stay. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of patients on admission to a general hospital using different nutritional scores and to test the sensitivity and specificity of these scores. Sample population included 60 patients (55% male; 45% female) selected (aged 65.6+/-15.9 y) at random by using a computer software program. The nutritional state assessment was performed within 48 h of admission, using different nutritional indices (Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Gassull classification, Instant Nutritional Assessment (INA) and a combined index). About 78.3% of patients were found to be malnourished on admission. The frequency of malnutrition degree varied from 63.3% as assessed by the SGA to 90% with the NRI. Malnutrition severity was not related to the diagnosis. However, an elderly population was associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition. INA was the best single score to identify patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition and who may benefit from nutrition support.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Although malnutrition in hospitalized patients is generally associated with increasing morbidity and mortality, it is yet a widely unknown problem in hospitals. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of patients admitted to a university-affiliated hospital in Spain using anthropometry measurements and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) technique. METHODS: We enrolled 400 patients selected at random using a computer software program. The primary end-point was nutritional status determined within 48 h of admission by anthropometric data (body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, and upper arm muscle circumference) and by the SGA technique. Using anthropometric data, patients were considered to have normonutrition or malnutrition. Those with malnutrition, were subdivided in patients with low (undernutrition) or high (overnutrition) body weight. Through SGA patients were classified as having normonutrition or malnutrition (moderate and severe). Secondary end-points were hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality, and readmissions (total and non-elective readmissions) over the next 6 months. Overall population, patients scheduled admitted, patients admitted from emergency room, and those with any cancer were individually analyzed. RESULTS: The frequency of malnutrition varied from 72.7% assessed by anthropometry (undernutrition in 26.7% and overnutrition in 46.0%), to 46% using SGA. Malnutrition was not related to the type of admission neither to the diagnosis of cancer. Of 400 patients analyzed, two patients died (0.5%). Using SGA, LOS was significantly higher in patients with malnutrition vs. those with normonutrition, in the overall population and in patients scheduled admitted, and there were more total and non-elective readmissions in patients with malnutrition than in patients with normonutrition in the overall population, in patients scheduled admitted and in those with cancer. When we used anthropometric data, LOS was superior in undernutrition compared to normo and overnutrition in scheduled admitted patients alone. Although there were more total readmissions in undernutrition than in normonutrition and overnutrition in overall population, no significant differences were observed with the non-elective readmission rate. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of malnutrition was found in this study. At a time, a high prevalence of overnutrition was observed. Anthropometric data and SGA technique are not concordant, reflecting the limitations of markers of nutritional status. While with SGA malnutrition was detected in patients with normal to high BMI, with anthropometry overnutrition was diagnosed. SGA seems to be more accurate than anthropometry to anticipate hospital LOS and readmission rate. Due to the increased LOS and readmission rates found in patients with malnutrition, further steps among health care professionals are warranted to identify and control them.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the current state of undernutrition as observed in 1905 patients hospitalized in 12 Cuban health care institutions, as part of a Latin American, multinational survey similar in design and goals. METHODS: We surveyed 1905 randomly selected patients from 12 Cuban hospitals in a two-phase study. Patients' clinical charts were audited in phase 1, the Subjective Global Assessment was used to assess patients' nutritional status in phase 2. The study was locally conducted by a properly trained team. RESULTS: The frequency of undernutrition in Cuban hospitals was 41.2% (95% confidence interval = 38.9 to 43.4), and 11.1% of patients were considered severely undernourished. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) univariate relations were identified between undernutrition and patient's age and sex. Nutritional status was a dependent of the patient's instruction level (P < 0.05). Patients' nutritional status was statistically associated with the presence of cancer and infection. Undernutrition was highly prevalent among cancer patients, no matter the stage of medical or surgical treatment. Undernutrition became extremely frequent after surgical treatment in non-cancer patients. High nutritional risks hospital services/specialties were identified: geriatrics (56.3%), critical care (54.8%), nephrology (54.3%), internal medicine (48.6%), gastroenterology (46.5%), and cardiovascular surgery (44.8%). Malnutrition rates increased progressively with prolonged length of stay. CONCLUSION: A high malnutrition rate was observed among participating hospitals. The design and inception of policies that foster intervention programs focusing on early identification of hospital malnutrition and its timely management is suggested to decrease its deleterious effects on outcomes of health care in the participating hospitals.  相似文献   

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