上海桃浦地区小工业企业管理人员职业卫生服务需求分析

上海桃浦地区为城乡结合部,具有众多的小工业企业。调查表明,这些企业大部分存在不同程度的职业危害,且职业卫生服务欠缺,无法保证劳动者享有基本的职业卫生保健。为了解小工业企业管理人员的职业卫生服务需求,我们对桃浦地区的小工业管理人员的职业卫生服务意识和需求进行了调查和分析。1 对象与方法     

小工业社区职业卫生服务模式效果评估

[目的 ]评估上海桃浦地区试行的小工业社区职业卫生服务模式。 [方法 ]分析接受社区职业卫生服务的10 9家小工业的职业卫生服务现状 ,并通过与基线调查资料对比 ,评估小工业社区职业卫生服务模式的近期效果。 [结果 ]社区职业卫生服务进展顺利 ,接受社区职业卫生签约服务的小工业的各项职业卫生评价指标均显著高于基线调查资料 ,且社区职业卫生服务发展态势良好。 [结论 ]通过分析与评估表明 ,小工业社区职业卫生服务近期效果显著。在目前小工业经济基础较为薄弱的情况下 ,通过社区职业卫生服务 ,能迅速提高小工业职业卫生水平 ,而且社区职业卫生服务适应WTO的需求 ,符合国家的政策导向     

上海桃浦地区小工业生产工人职业卫生服务需求分析

上海桃浦地区为城乡结合部 ,具有众多的小工业企业 ,这些企业大部分存在不同程度的职业危害。由于小工业企业职业卫生服务比较欠缺 ,因此劳动者难以享有基本的职业卫生保健。为了解小工业企业生产工人的职业卫生服务需求 ,我们对桃浦地区的小工业企业进行了调查和分析。作者单位 :2 0 0 0 62上海市普陀区卫生防疫站　　一、对象与方法1.调查对象 :调查对象为位于桃浦地区员工人数小于2 0 0人、隶属关系为区属或区属以下的非国有企业。根据企业的人员规模 ,随机抽取 5～ 15名工人 ,其中有害作业工人占 6 0 % ,非有害作业工人占 40 %左右。有…     

上海市闵行区乡镇工业职业卫生服务现状调查

目的：了解乡镇企业卫生服务需求，加强劳动卫生管理。方法：对上海市乡镇工业职业卫生服务对策试点地区──闵行区的纪王、七宝两镇的乡镇企业职业卫生服务进行了调查和评价。并按国际上“小工业”企业的概念，把乡镇企业按职工人数分成小于50、50～100及＞100人三类，进行分层比较。结果：企业的规模越小，其建立健康监护档案、劳动卫生档案、卫生室及配备净化设备等方面的比例越低。两镇的三资企业其职业卫生服务方面有时还低于一般的乡镇企业，而且存在统计学上的显著差异。结论：对三资企业必须加强劳动卫生的法制化管理，督促其改善职业卫生服务现状。     

上海市青浦区基本职业卫生服务提供模式情景分析

通过对上海市青浦区基本职业卫生服务提供模式现状分析和青浦区构想的3种基本职业卫生服务提供模式情景SWOT分析,判断推导出公私合作提供基本职业卫生服务模式是否适合今后青浦区基本职业卫生服务的发展和需求的模式,并在此基础上提出"建立区、镇两级政府为主导,区、镇(街道)、村三级公立卫生服务网络为基础、市级公立职业卫生服务机构为依托、民营职业卫生服务机构为补充、区职业卫生行业协会为平台的青浦区基本职业卫生服务公私合作模式"的总体框架与保障措施。     

绵竹县乡镇工业职业卫生服务需求调查

为摸清乡镇工业职业危害现状,对职业卫生服务需求进行评价,以制定相应的服务对策,按卫生部农业部方案,我们于1990年进行了调查。对象与方法1.对象和范围以全县所有乡、村两级工业企业和县、乡卫生防疫机构为调查对象,以1989年底为基数逐个摸底调查。2.内容和方法调查内容地理、交通、人口、经济和乡镇工业发展动态等背景情况;乡镇工业职业卫生基本现状;县、乡卫生资源和服务利用水平;抽取两个乡镇,对存在铅、苯、汞、铬、矽尘、煤矽尘、石棉尘及噪声等8     

上海桃浦地区小工业企业职业卫生技术服务的初步效果评价

[目的]总结、评估上海市普陀区桃浦地区小工业企业职业卫生技术服务的初步成效。[方法]对接受职业卫生技术服务的小工业企业的职业卫生状况进行评估，初步评价小工业企业职业卫生技术服务的可行性及有效性。[结果]职业性健康体检覆盖率从1999年的31．5％上升到2003年的87．3％，职工体检率也逐年攀升；职业性有害因素检测点的总合格率明显上升；职业卫生知识培训覆盖率升高。[结论]该小工业企业职业卫生服务模式是可行的、有效的。     

上海市青浦区基本职业卫生服务提供模式现状

本研究通过对上海市青浦区现有3种基本职业卫生服务提供模式的对比分析,判断推导出公私合作提供基本职业卫生服务模式是适合今后青浦区基本职业卫生服务的发展和需求的模式,并在此基础上提出了"建立区、镇2级政府为主导,区、镇(街道)、村3级公立卫生服务网络为基础、市级公立职业卫生服务机构为依托、民营职业卫生服务机构为补充、区职业卫生行业协会为平台的青浦区基本职业卫生服务公私合作模式"的总体框架与保障措施。     

普陀区都市型工业园区职业卫生特征与服务对策

投资多元化、规模小型化、经营多样化、管理物业化、需求一般化是普陀区都市型工业园区的基本特征.发挥我区小工业职业卫生技术服务示范点的功能,从强化职业卫生管理入手将服务工作向都市型工业园区延伸,开创中小企业职业卫生服务的新局面.     

浙江省乡镇工业职业卫生现况及需求调查

据浙江省近年来乡镇工业职业卫生服务需求试点县的调查分析。建厂时经过“三同时”审查的乡镇工业只占０．９％，有劳保安技机构的乡镇工业只占４．７％，有医务室的乡镇工业占１．９％，平均每千名职工拥有卫生人员１．０８人。本省职业危害以粉尘和噪声为主，两试点县粉尘点合格率只有９．８％，噪声性耳聋观察对象的检出率为１０．８％。调查所知，乡镇工业职业卫生服务处在高需求、低服务状况。由此，提出力求改变目前现状的建议。     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.     

Stress in police officers: a study of the origins,prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress-related illness are causing concern across industry. Against a background of impending legislative moves to try to improve this situation, there is a need to identify key work-related stressors. Police work tends to be regarded as inherently stressful because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontation and violence and the day-to-day involvement in a variety of traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms might be expected in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sources of stress-related symptoms within police officers and measure the prevalence of significant associated mental ill-health. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a population of 1206 police officers was performed to assess levels of strain associated with a series of potential home and work related stressors. Participants were then split into low and high scoring groups on the basis of a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold score in order to identify those stressors most associated with mental ill-health effects. RESULTS: Occupational stressors ranking most highly within the population were not specific to policing, but to organizational issues such as the demands of work impinging upon home life, lack of consultation and communication, lack of control over workload, inadequate support and excess workload in general. The high scoring group constituted 41% of the population and differed significantly from those with low scores in perception of all stressors, ranking both personal and occupational stressors more highly, and from personality constraints appeared significantly more 'stress-prone'. A significant association between gender and mental ill-health was found, with females more likely to score more highly on the GHQ than males. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings of organizational culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree of symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officers.