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1.
目的 了解南平市实施健康教育后目标人群碘缺乏病防治知识认知的改变,评估健康教育干预效果.方法 2014-2015年,选取顺昌、建瓯、邵武和浦城作为项目县,每县选择3个项目乡(镇)的中心小学,对5年级学生开展碘缺乏病健康教育,在每个项目乡(镇)选择3个未开展过地方病健康教育的行政村,开展社区碘缺乏病健康教育活动,对健康教育前后的碘缺乏病知识知晓率进行对比.结果 健康教育项目实施后,小学生碘缺乏病知识知晓率从基线调查的61.1%上升到89.6%,育龄妇女知晓率从基线调查的61.8%上升到87.0%,小学生、育龄妇女知晓率在健康教育后均有提高;不同县市健康教育前后知晓率比较,小学生防治知识知晓率邵武最高,育龄妇女的知晓率健康教育前后均类似.结论 南平市目标人群健康教育干预前碘缺乏病知晓率不高,健康教育项目的开展,提高人群碘缺乏病知晓率.  相似文献   

2.
目的评价平顶山市项目县碘缺乏病健康教育的成效,为规范健康教育、完善健康促进策略提供依据。方法平顶山市选择鲁山县、舞钢市作为碘缺乏病健康教育项目县。鲁山县、舞钢市各抽取3个乡(镇),每个项目乡(镇)在中心小学4~6年级,以及中心小学所在地的村庄开展碘缺乏病健康教育。在健康教育干预前后,分别抽取项目小学5年级学生以及项目村的家庭主妇,进行碘缺乏病防治知识基线调查及健康教育效果评估。结果健康教育干预前,小学生和家庭主妇的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率分别为50.37%和57.78%;干预后,防治知识知晓率分别为93.89%和91.85%,前后差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论鲁山县、舞钢市开展碘缺乏病健康教育后,目标人群碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率明显提高,防病意识增强,达到了教育效果。  相似文献   

3.
目的评价许昌市2007—2011年健康教育项目在防治碘缺乏病中的效果。方法对目标人群在健康教育开展前后进行问卷调查与比较。结果健康教育干预前后,小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率由54.1%提高到93.7%;育龄妇女知晓率66.4%提高到95.7%。小学生获得碘缺乏病防治知识的主要途径是学校和电视,育龄妇女主要途径是医生、宣传单和电视。结论采用系统和有针对性的健康教育活动是提高居民碘缺乏病防治知识、达到可持续消除碘缺乏病目标的有效措施。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解乡村目标人群对碘缺乏病相关防治知识掌握程度,为制定健康教育与健康促进策略提供科学依据。方法 2015-2016年在平顶山市的2个项目县选择五年级小学生和家庭主妇进行碘缺乏病知识知晓情况问卷调查。结果开展健康教育后,小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率(88.5%)与之前基线调查(52.2%)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=170.6,P0.05);家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率(92.2%)与之前基线调查(65.2%)比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=58.8,P0.05)。结论健康教育干预可显著提高乡村目标人群的知识知晓率,在农村地区应大力开展碘缺乏病健康教育活动。  相似文献   

5.
目的 通过对昆明市近3年碘缺乏病防治健康教育效果进行分析,探索碘缺乏病健康教育防治模式,为实现消除碘缺乏病目标提供重要依据.方法 在开展健康教育宣传前后,采用问卷方式对项目县4~6年级学生和育龄妇女进行碘缺乏病健康教育知晓率调查.结果 干预后4~6年级学生和育龄妇女碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率水平明显提高,分别为95.14%...  相似文献   

6.
目的 对碘缺乏目标人群采取多种形式的健康教育干预,以评价健康教育的效果。方法 分别于2010和2012年抽取平阴县部分小学4~6年级学生和家庭妇女作为碘缺乏病健康教育干预对象,在干预前后分别进行碘营养知识问卷调查,比较干预前后知晓率。结果 2010和2012年分别调查小学生180人和家庭妇女90人,小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率由53.22%提高到99.33%(P〈0.01),家庭妇女碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率由63.61%提高到95.56%(P〈0.01)。结论 开展碘缺乏病防治知识健康教育干预,对提高小学生和家庭主妇的碘缺乏病防治知识效果明显。  相似文献   

7.
目的评估驻马店市碘缺乏病健康教育干预效果。方法 2012-2016年,每年分层随机选择中心小学5年级学生和所在地3个村家庭主妇为调查对象,分别于健康教育干预前后进行碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查,并于2016年开展实施健康教育项目5年后碘缺乏病知识调查。结果 2012-2016年,健康教育干预后小学生、家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率均较基线调查显著提高(P值均<0.01),且基线调查时知晓率小学生(53.83%~72.78%)、家庭主妇(50.78%~72.00%),及干预后知晓率小学生(86.44%~94.56%)、家庭主妇(87.11%~95.44%)均逐年增高(P值均<0.05)。2016年碘缺乏病防治总知晓率,小学生为57.96%,家庭主妇为65.66%,农村均低于城区(P值均<0.01)。小学生获得知识最多的是健康教育课(61.47%),家庭主妇是电视和广播(83.90%)。结论驻马店市目标人群碘缺乏病健康教育干预总体效果较好,但持续效果欠佳。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解芗城区碘缺乏病健康教育干预效果。方法健康教育干预前后对3个镇中心小学90名4~6年级学生和135名18~40岁家庭主妇进行问卷调查。结果学生、家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率分别从干预前的67.0%和74.8%上升到干预后的99.3%和99.3%。结论实施项目干预后,目标人群对碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率有显著提高。  相似文献   

9.
郑莹如  刘沛 《职业与健康》2011,27(10):1130-1132
目的评价济源市碘缺乏病防治健康教育效果,为制定和完善健康教育工作目标提供科学依据。方法采用统一的调查问卷于健康教育实施前后对小学生、家庭主妇、机关干部进行调查,分别计算小学生、家庭主妇、机关干部碘缺乏病防治健康教育知识知晓情况及知识获得途径。结果小学生基线调查179人,知晓率68.5%;效果评价调查165人,知晓率92.5%,知晓率提高24%。家庭主妇基线调查75人,知晓率78.2%;效果评价调查75人,知晓率89.8%,知晓率提高11.6%;机关干部效果评价共调查30人,知晓率76.7%。结论通过碘缺乏病防治健康教育项目的实施,目标人群碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率有了明显提高,其中大众传播(如电视、报纸、广播)和学校健康教育是开展健康教育的有效方式。  相似文献   

10.
目的:了解2008-2011年保山市小学生对碘缺乏病防治知识的认知情况,进而在该人群中评估碘缺乏病健康教育的干预成效。方法:按照年度《地方病防治项目技术方案》任务安排,结合我市地方病防治工作实际,每年在各县开展大众传播和人际传播健康教育活动。选择3个项目乡,在各项目乡中心小学校随机抽取4-6年级的班级开展健康教育活动;采用国家标准问卷分别于干预前、后对学生进行知晓率调查。结果:2008-2011年间,各年小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率均较当年干预前有所提高,且通过干预小学生碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率均达到国家标准(>80%),累计四年来全市小学生碘缺乏病知识知晓率由85.26%提高到97.37%,提高了12.11个百分点;知晓率趋势分析显示总体呈上升趋势。结论:保山市开展重点人群碘缺乏病健康教育干预项目以来小学生知识知晓率较2008年均有所上升,且通过健康干预后均超过90%,小学生碘缺乏病健康教育状况较好。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

15.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

16.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

17.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

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