次声刺激后大鼠下丘神经型一氧化氮合成酶阳性神经元 …

目的 研究次声对下丘的作用机制。方法 用抗ＦＯＳ蛋白和抗神经型一氧化氮合成产免疫组织化学方法,将大鼠暴露于８Ｈｚ,１２０ｄＢ的次声中,持续２小时,观察下丘ＦＯＳ蛋白的表达情况及其与ｎ－ｃＮＯＳ阳性神经元的关系。     

次声刺激诱导大鼠听中枢FOS表达

用抗ＦＯＳ蛋白免疫组织化学的方法，在次声（８Ｈｚ，１２０ｄＢ）作用２ｈ后，大鼠耳蜗核、下丘、内侧膝状体、皮质听区等部位均发现ＦＯＳ阳性神经元（ＦＯＳｌｉｋｅｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｕｒｏｎＦＬＮ）；上述各部位ＦＯＳ表达呈同步的时程变化，次声暴露停止后０５ｈ即有ＦＯＳ表达，２ｈ达高峰，４ｈ开始降低，２４ｈＦＯＳ表达基本消失。     

二甲苯对大鼠记忆功能和c—fos基因表达的影响

目的探讨二甲苯对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响及其机制。方法采用反映学习记忆功能的水迷宫法和步下法测试大鼠神经行为的改变；免疫组化法研究大鼠脑组织ＦＯＳ免疫反应（ＦＯＳＩＲ）阳性胞核的水平。结果二甲苯使大鼠学习记忆能力下降，大脑皮层及海马区内均有较多的ＦＯＳ蛋白阳性细胞。结论二甲苯可损伤大鼠学习记忆能力，且这种改变可能与脑组织内ｃｆｏｓ的表达有关系     

肉中喹诺酮药物残留的HPLC简易分析法

报道了用ＨＰＬＣ法同时测定畜禽肉中６种喹诺酮类药物［Ｂｅｎｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ（ＢＦＬＸ）、Ｄａｎｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ（ＤＮＦＸ）、Ｄｉｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ（ＤＦＬＸ）、Ｅｎｒｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ（ＥＲＦＸ）、Ｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ（ＯＦＬＸ）、Ｏｒｂｉｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ（ＯＢＦＸ）］残留的简易分析方法。用于猪肉、牛肉及鸡肉中６种药物的测定,回收率均为８０％以上,检出限为０００２５～００５ｍｇ／ｋｇ范围。ＨＰＬＣ条件　分析柱：ＴＳＫｇｅｌＯＤＳ８０Ｔｓ（４６ｍｍｉ．ｄ．×２５ｃｍ）;流动相：００５ｍ…     

前S1蛋白与乙型肝炎病毒传染性关系的病例对照研究

随机选择２４例前Ｓ１抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者为病例组、２２例前Ｓ１抗原阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者为患者对照组、１６例无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者为携带者对照组。检测其家庭共同生活成员乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染情况。结果表明：病例组家庭成员ＨＢＶ感染率，ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗ＨＢｃＩｇＧ３阳性和ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗ＨＢｅ、抗ＨＢｃＩｇＧ３阳性检出率均高于对照组，而且病例组家庭内ＨＢＶ感染危险度也大于对照组，比值比（ＯＲ值）分别为５．０和６．４，两对照组间未见差别。说明前Ｓ１蛋白是ＨＢＶ传染指标之一。     

职业性肺癌中HSPs与多种瘤抑制基因、k-ras表达的相关性

目的观察ＨＳＰ２７、ＨＳＰ７０与多种瘤抑制基因（ＭＴＳ１）、ｋｒａｓ基因及其蛋白产物在职业性肺癌（ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｕｎｇｃａｎｃｅｒ,ＯＬＣ）中的联合表达的情况。方法采用免疫组化和原位分子杂交技术。结果ＯＬＣ中的ＨＳＰｓ表达较正常肺组织高;ＯＬＣ中的ＨＳＰｓ与ｋｒａｓ都有基因扩增和蛋白产物的过表达;ＭＴＳ１的表达与ＨＳＰｓ、ｋｒａｓ的表达呈负相关。结论ＭＴＳ１表达的变化可能是ＯＬＣ癌变的重要分子学改变;ＨＳＰｓ与ｋｒａｓ在ＯＬＣ的癌变过程中有协同作用;ＯＬＣ中以上３种基因在基因水平及蛋白产物表达上的改变基本一致。     

嗜银蛋白在矽肺纤维化过程中的意义

目的探索ＳｉＯ２刺激ＴＨＰ１细胞（具有肺泡巨噬细胞特性的人血单核细胞株）上清液对中国仓鼠肺成纤维（ＣＨＬ）细胞核仁组成区相关的嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲｓ）形成及其增殖的关系。方法通过５个系列浓度（０、５０、１００、２００和５００μｇ／ｍｌ）的ＳｉＯ２刺激ＴＨＰ１细胞培养上清液作用于ＣＨＬ细胞,采用综合改良ＡｇＮＯＲｓ染色技术,观察其ＡｇＮＯＲｓ形成并计数;四唑盐（ＭＴＴ）比色法检测ＣＨＬ细胞的增殖。结果随ＳｉＯ２浓度增大,ＣＨＬ细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ颗粒均数、颗粒分散度以及ＭＴＴ分析Ａ５７０ｎｍ值均相应增大,呈良好的剂量反应关系,并和ＳｉＯ２尘的肺泡巨噬细胞（ＰＡＭ）的细胞毒性指数呈高度负相关（ｒ＝－０．９６８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＳｉＯ２刺激的ＴＨＰ１细胞上清液可以引起肺成纤维细胞ＡｇＮＯＲｓ含量的改变,并与成纤维细胞的增殖和ＳｉＯ２尘ＰＡＭ细胞毒性相一致。     

氟化钠致大鼠肾脏脂质过氧化损伤及亚硒酸钠的保护作用

目的研究氟化钠（ＮａＦ）对大鼠肾脏脂质过氧化作用的影响及亚硒酸钠（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３）对氟肾脏毒性的保护作用。方法大鼠经饮水加入ＮａＦ（１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或／和Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３（１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）染毒１２０天,观察氟在机体的蓄积、排泄,尿酶活性及肾脏脂质过氧化水平的变化。结果氟染毒后,大鼠血氟水平、尿氟水平、骨氟含量,尿谷氨酰转肽酶（γＧＴ）、Ｎ乙酰βＤ氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）活性及肾脏活性氧自由基（ＯＦＲＳ）相对浓度、脂质过氧化降解产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量均显著升高,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性及ＧＳＨ含量显著下降。同时补加亚硒酸钠,可促进尿氟排泄,降低血氟水平及骨氟含量,降低尿酶γＧＴ、ＮＡＧ、ＳＤＨ活性和肾脏ＯＦＲＳ、ＭＤＡ含量,同时提高肾脏ＧＳＨＰｘ活性,但对ＧＳＨ含量影响不显著。结论氟化钠引起肾脏损伤与其诱导脂质过氧化作用增强有关,亚硒酸钠对氟化钠致肾脏毒性具有拮抗作用。     

亚慢性染砷对小鼠体内一氧化氮含量的影响

１９８０年Ｆｕｒｃｈｇｏｔ等发现内皮源性舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）。１９８７年Ｐａｌｍｅｒ等［１］证明ＥＤＲＦ即是一氧化氮（ＮＯ）。有研究表明：体内ＮＯ除具ＥＤＲＦ活性外,还具有神经递质、抑制血小板凝集、调节免疫反应等一系列生理功能。ＮＯ合成和代谢障碍将...     

第八届环境因素联合作用国际学术会议简介

第八届环境因素联合作用国际学术会议（８ｔｈＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＣｏｍｂｉｎｅｄＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＦａｃｔｏｒｓ，ＩＣＣＥＦ’９８），于１９９８年９月１９日至２３日在奥地利首都维也纳召开。笔者应大会组织委员会主席、维也纳大学ＧＲＯＬＬＫＮＡＰＰ教授的邀请，出席了这次会议，在会上作了题为“振动和噪声对金矿凿岩工植物神经功能联合作用研究”的发言，并参加了专题讨论。这次会议是由复合环境研究国际协会（ＩＳＣＥＳ）和维也纳大学联合组织召开的。来自…     

Frequency of blood group antigens in Nigerian children with falciparum malaria.

The frequencies of the following blood group antigens: A, B, O, M, N, S, s, U, Fya, FyB, Lea, Jsa and K have been determined in Nigerian children with severe falciparum malaria. The frequency distribution of M, N, S, s, U, Fya and Fyb were not significantly different in children with life-threatening falciparum malaria and controls. The frequencies of A, B, O, Lea, Jsa and K found in the children with severe malaria were similar to those previously reported for healthy adults in this population. The Duffy blood group antigens Fya and Fyb were virtually absent from both infected and control children. This finding is in variance with a Fya frequency of 23% reported by Worlledge et al. (1974) for healthy adults in this population.     

Effects of infrasound on gastric mucosal blood flow in rats

To clarify the effects of infrasound on gastric mucosal blood flow, rats were exposed to infrasound for 20 minutes. The sounds were pure tones of 8, 16 and 32 Hz, at sound levels ranging from 80 dB to 130 dB. Gastric mucosal blood flow was determined by the inhaled hydrogen gas clearance method. Norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in the plasma were also measured. The exposed rats showed decreased gastric mucosal blood flow with increasing sound levels of infrasound at each octave-band frequency. To significantly decrease the gastric mucosal blood flow, infrasound at 32, 16 and 8 Hz needed sound levels of 100, 110 and 130 dB, respectively. These findings suggest that, as the frequency of infrasound decreases, an increased sound level is necessary to decrease the gastric mucosal blood flow. The norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in the plasma were 0.65±0.47n.g/ml and 0.35±0.43 ng/ml, respectively, in the control rats, while the corresponding values were 0.91±0.87 ng/ml and 0.74±0.81 ng/ml, respectively, in the exposed rats. There were significant increases (p>0.05) in norepinephrine and epinephrine. Thus, it is probable that exposure to infrasound stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and causes a decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow.     

重铬酸钾标定硫代硫酸钠标准溶液浓度值不确定度的评定

重铬酸钾标定的硫代硫酸钠溶液是一种常用化学定量参比物质。文章首先以GB/T601-2002标准为依据,对重铬酸钾标定的硫代硫酸钠溶液浓度(0.1mol/L)的标定结果的不确定度进行评定。最后给出溶液浓度的合成不确定度及扩展不确定度,并对各因素影响进行分析。     

2001年中国食源性致病菌及其耐药性主动监测研究

目的　旨在监测中国食源性致病菌及其耐药性。方法　中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所建立的全国食品污染物监测网的食源性致病菌监测部分 ,2 0 0 1年在全国 11个省市设点采样并检测了七大类 (生肉、熟肉、生奶、冰激淋、酸奶、水产品和蔬菜 )共 4 0 34份样品。结果　沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O15 7∶H7和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 ,总阳性率 5 5 0 %。其中沙门氏菌 3 32 % ,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 1 2 9% ,大肠杆菌O15 7∶H70 82 %。生肉的污染情况最为严重 ,阳性率 12 96 %。共分离出沙门氏菌 137株 ,德比沙门氏菌、阿贡纳沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、里定沙门氏菌、鸭沙门氏菌、明斯特沙门氏菌及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 7种血清型占 80 %。结论　沙门氏菌的血清型分布和耐药性各个省不同。自生、熟肉中分离到O15 7∶H7的强毒株。对分离的沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌检测了 14种抗生素的耐药性 ,结果表明沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌中都有多重耐药株。     

A bivalent vaccine derived from attenuated Salmonella expressing O-antigen polysaccharide provides protection against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O1 and O2 infection

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a leading cause of avian airsacculitis and colibacillosis, is responsible for significant economic loss in the poultry industry. APEC serogroups O1, O2, and O78 are predominantly associated with disease. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen has been shown to be a potent antigen for inducing specific protective immune responses. Therefore, we sought to develop a multivalent polysaccharide vaccine to prevent most APEC infections. We previously reported the stable expression of plasmid pSS27 encoding the APEC O1 O-antigen gene cluster (10.8 kb) in attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium S740 provided excellent protection against APEC O1 challenge. In this study, the plasmid pSS28 harboring the APEC O2 O-antigen polysaccharide gene cluster (15.5 kb) was constructed. Biosynthesis of pSS28-encoded APEC O2 O-antigen in Salmonella vaccine strain S740 was validated by Western blot. The recombinant Salmonella vaccine strain S740 (pSS28) elicited homologous protection against virulent wild-type APEC O2 challenge in a chicken model. Furthermore, through equal-volume mixing the two monovalent vaccine strains S740 (pSS27) and S740 (pSS28), a bivalent vaccine candidate against both APEC O1 and O2 was developed. Immunization of chickens with the bivalent vaccine elicited production of serum IgG and mucosal sIgA antibodies against the LPS of both APEC O1 and O2. Moreover, antibodies induced by the bivalent vaccine promoted opsonization, provoked complement-mediated bactericidal activity, and elicited protection against lethal challenge with both virulent APEC O1 and O2 strains. These results demonstrate that the bivalent vaccine comprised of S740 (pSS27) and S740 (pSS28) is a promising vaccine candidate against APEC O1 and O2 infection.     

Home parenteral nutrition in adults: a european multicentre survey in 1997. ESPEN-Home Artificial Nutrition Working Group

A retrospective survey on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in Europe was performed from January to December 1997. Data were compared to a similar study performed in 1993. A questionnaire of HPN practice was designed by the members of the ESPEN-HAN group. This involved adult patients (older than 16 years) newly registered in an HPN program between 1 January and 31 December 1997 and included: number of patients, underlying diseases and a 6-12 month outcome. Incidence and prevalence (at 1.1.1998) of adult HPN were calculated according to the estimated total population in 1997 for the countries in which more than 80% of HPN patients were reported.A total of 494 patients were registered in 73 centres from nine countries (Belgium (B), Denmark (D), France (F), Poland (P), Spain (S), Sweden (Sw), United Kingdom (UK), The Netherlands (N) and Germany (G). The underlying diseases for HPN in 494 patients were cancer (39%), Crohn's (19%), vascular diseases (15%), radiation enteritis (7%), AIDS (2%), other diseases with intestinal failure (18%). Incidence (patients/million inhabitants/year) were in N (3), F. (2.9), D. (2.8), B. (2.6), UK (1. 2), S (0.7) and P (0.36), respectively. Prevalence were in D. (12.7). U.K. (3.7), N. (3.7), F (3.6), B (3.0), P (1.1), S (0.65). After this 6-12 months follow-up (n=284), the mortality was respectively 4% in Crohn's disease, 13% in vascular diseases, 16% in others, 21% in radiaton enteritis, 34% in AIDS, 74% in cancer.Incidences and prevalences modestly increased in these seven European countries in 1997 in comparison to 1993. The percentages of underlying diseases in these countries remained similar except for AIDS that significantly decreased (from 7% to 2%). Outcomes did not significantly differ in the 4-year period except for AIDS (34% instead of 88% mortality) and could have been related to newer, more efficacious therapy.     

氧化亚氮联合利多卡因行无痛人工流产术280例临床分析

目的: 探讨吸入 50%氧化亚氮 (N2O) 与 50%氧气 (O2 ) 的混合气体联合宫颈注射 2%利多卡因进行无痛人工流产术 (人流术) 的有效性和安全性。方法: 将人流术 580例分为A、B两组。其中A组 280例吸入 50%氧化亚氮 (N2O)与 50%氧气的混合气体联合宫颈注射 2%利多卡因进行无痛人流术, 称为联合组; B组 300例, 不用任何药物, 为对照组, 分析比较两组手术中镇痛效果, 宫口松弛情况, 手术出血量, 人流综合反应。结果: 联合组镇痛完全, 有效率达 97 5%。宫口完全松弛率 97 9%。两组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 05)。结论: 吸入氧化亚氮联合宫颈注射利多卡因进行无痛人流术, 镇痛效果确定, 人流时受术者意识处于朦胧状态, 安静, 无痛苦, 不良反应少, 苏醒快等。     

Lichens as biomonitors around a coal-fired power station in Israel

In the present study epiphytic lichens were applied as biomonitors of air pollution to determine the environmental impact of a coal-fired power station. Thalli of the lichen Ramalina lacera (With.) J.R. Laund. growing on carob twigs (Ceratonia siliqua L.) were collected with their substrate in July 2000 in a relatively unpolluted forest near HaZorea, Ramoth Menashe, Northeast Israel, and transplanted to 10 biomonitoring sites in the vicinity of the coal-fired power station Oroth Rabin near the town of Hadera. The lichens were retrieved in January 2001. We examined the following parameters of lichen vitality: (a) potential quantum yield of photosynthesis expressed as fluorescence ratio F(v)/F(m), (b) stress-ethylene production, and (c) electric conductivity expressing integrity of cell membranes. Following an exposure of 7 months, the lichens were retrieved and physiological parameters and data of elemental content were analyzed comparatively. Electric conductivity values correlated positively with B, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, S, Sn, and Ti content. Concentrations of stress-ethylene correlated positively with Al, Ba, Pb, S, and V content and negatively with Cu and Sn. F(v)/F(m) ratios correlated negatively with S content. Some of the heavy metals reached lower levels than those reported in the relevant literature despite a wind regime that should have blown pollutants toward the biomonitoring sites.     

次声对豚鼠凝血功能的影响

目的 研究16 Hz、120 dB,16 Hz、125 dB次声暴露后豚鼠凝血功能的变化规律,探讨次声造成生物体循环系统损害的机制.方法 将豚鼠分为对照组及16 Hz、120 dB,16 Hz、125 dB 2个暴露组,每个暴露组均按暴露时间再分成1、7、14、21 d 4个时间亚组,每个亚组8只豚鼠.各个暴露亚组每日暴露1.5 h,分别连续暴露相应的天数后抽取血样测定凝血功能相关指标及血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量.结果 16 Hz、125 dB组凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际标准化比率(INR)分别为(31.16±3.05)s和2.53±1.21,较对照组[(21.36±0.10)s、1.65±0.07]明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清中NO含量[(88.304±52.601)μmol/L]较对照组[(30.943±26.864)μmol/L]明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).16 Hz、125 dB组暴露14 d时PT和INR较对照组明显延长,并持续至第21天.16 Hz、125 dB组暴露7 d时血清中NO含量较对照组明显升高,且第14天继续升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),21天时有下降趋势.结论 16 Hz、125 dB次声暴露后豚鼠凝血功能减退,INR及PT可做为评价次声对凝血功能影响的指标.

Abstract：

Objective To study the change of the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB, 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound and to explore the mechanism of circulation system damage.Methods Seventy-two guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the control group, the group exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day and the group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day. Each exposure group was divided into 4 sub-groups (8 guinea pigs a sub-group) which were exposed to infrasound for 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The coagulation function and serum nitric oxide (NO) were measured for control group and all sub-groups after exposure to infrasound. Results The prothrombin time (PT),international normalized ratio (INR) and serum NO of group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound were (31.16±3.05) s, 2.53±1.21 and (88.304±52.601)μmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(21.36±0.10) s, 1.65±0.07 and (30.943±26.864) μ mol[L] of control group (P＜0.05). PT and INR of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 14 and 21 d were significantly higher than those of control group. NO of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1 week and 2 weeks were significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05), but NO of sub-group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 3 weeks decreased slightly. Conclusion The blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound decreased, PT and INR may be used as the indexes to assess of blood coagulation function change induced by the infrasound exposure.     

螺旋藻对四氧化二氮导致的动物损伤的防护效应研究

目的探讨螺旋藻(SP)对四氧化二氮导致的动物损伤的防护作用。方法采用在静式染毒柜内吸入N2O4方式构建动物损伤模型,染毒柜体积120L,柜内温度保持在(25.0±0.5)℃,染毒柜内N2O4注入剂量为45μl,每隔5min向柜内补充N2O41μl,吸入染毒时间为30 min。ICR雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照,N2O4单纯染毒,SP低浓度+染毒,SP中浓度+染毒和SP高浓度+染毒,共5组,每组15只。SP分别以0.5、1.0、1.5g/kg配成灌喂液,提前4d经口灌胃,每只灌喂0.4 ml。第5日灌胃后1h进行染毒,前后共灌胃5d。脱臼法处死后取材,测定肺组织SOD、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量;取肺组织切片观察病理变化。结果 1.0g/kg SP分别提高SOD 38.9%,GSH-Px 73.9%,MDA 83.0%。肺组织病理观察显示:SP组较单纯染毒组病变轻。结论 SP对四氧化二氮导致的动物损伤有显著的防护作用。