奥硝唑预防口腔颌面部术后感染的临床研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨使用奥硝唑氯化钠静脉滴注液预防口腔颌面部手术后感染的临床效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2014年1月收治的76例行口腔颌面部手术患者临床资料,根据术后预防感染所使用药物的不同将其分为研究组和对照组,各38例;研究组患者术后给予奥硝唑氧化钠注射液进行治疗,对照组则给予甲硝唑注射液治疗,比较两组患者治疗后有效率,数据采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果研究组治愈21例、显效11例,总有效率为84.21%,对照组治愈11例、显效9例,总有效率为52.63%;治疗前研究组患者检测出厌氧菌42株、对照组检测出46株,治疗后研究组检测出厌氧菌清除率90.48%,对照组检清除率52.17%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组不良反应有5例、对照组有7例,且两组患者的不良反应均在停药后消失,可见该药的安全性较高。结论奥硝唑氯化钠注射液用于预防口腔颌面部手术后感染效果显著,不仅能够降低术后口腔厌氧菌的感染率,且安全可靠、不良反应少,值得在临床上广泛推广。     

奥硝唑预防口腔颌面部术后感染的临床研究

目的探讨使用奥硝唑氯化钠静脉滴注液预防口腔颌面部手术后感染的临床效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2014年1月收治的76例行口腔颌面部手术患者临床资料,根据术后预防感染所使用药物的不同将其分为研究组和对照组,各38例;研究组患者术后给予奥硝唑氧化钠注射液进行治疗,对照组则给予甲硝唑注射液治疗,比较两组患者治疗后有效率,数据采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果研究组治愈21例、显效11例,总有效率为84.21%,对照组治愈11例、显效9例,总有效率为52.63%;治疗前研究组患者检测出厌氧菌42株、对照组检测出46株,治疗后研究组检测出厌氧菌清除率90.48%,对照组检清除率52.17%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组不良反应有5例、对照组有7例,且两组患者的不良反应均在停药后消失,可见该药的安全性较高。结论奥硝唑氯化钠注射液用于预防口腔颌面部手术后感染效果显著,不仅能够降低术后口腔厌氧菌的感染率,且安全可靠、不良反应少,值得在临床上广泛推广。     

奥硝唑治疗口腔厌氧菌感染的临床与实验研究

目的了解口腔厌氧菌感染的菌群分布及奥硝唑治疗口腔厌氧菌感染的疗效. 方法采用双盲随机方法选择60例口腔厌氧菌感染患者,其中受试组(奥硝唑)30例和对照组(替硝唑)30例进行治疗,在治疗前后作厌氧菌培养,观察临床疗效和厌氧菌清除率,并进行比较. 结果口腔感染厌氧菌与口腔正常厌氧菌种群一致,奥硝唑总有效率83.3%,细菌清除率91.7%;替硝唑总有效率73.3%,细菌清除率88.4%,二者间差异无显著性 (P＞0.05). 结论奥硝唑用以治疗口腔厌氧菌感染疗效显著,口腔厌氧菌培养应注意标本采样技术规范化.     

奥硝唑治疗妇科肿瘤患者术后厌氧菌盆腔感染的临床研究

目的探讨奥硝唑对妇科肿瘤患者术后厌氧菌盆腔感染的临床疗效及安全性,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法选取医院2011年4月-2015年1月收治的妇科肿瘤术后厌氧菌盆腔感染患者80例,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例,对照组患者给予替硝唑治疗,观察组给予奥硝唑治疗,比较两组患者整体治疗效果、细菌学疗效与药物不良反应发生率;采用SPSS19.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果患者治疗总有效率观察组为97.5%,明显高于对照组的77.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌与粪肠球菌单独清除率与对照组差异无统计学意义,但病原菌总清除率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、奇异变形菌单独清除率与对照组差异无统计学意义;观察组患者药物不良反应发生率为25.0%,明显低于对照组的47.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论奥硝唑对妇科肿瘤术后厌氧菌盆腔感染患者的临床疗效显著,且安全性较好,具有借鉴性。     

奥硝唑在妇科肿瘤厌氧菌盆腔感染治疗的效果

目的探讨妇科肿瘤患者术后厌氧菌盆腔感染采取奥硝唑治疗的临床效果。方法抽取江门市中心医院2017年3月-2020年3月妇科肿瘤术后发生厌氧菌盆腔感染患者200例纳入研究,患者的依从性较好,配合度高,情况稳定,且全程参与研究,未曾中途退出。采取随机分组,根据治疗方案差别分为对照组和观察组各100例,对照组患者采取替硝唑药物治疗,观察组采取奥硝唑药物治疗,观察两组患者的疗效、不良反应、住院时间。结果治疗后,观察组患者总有效率为92.00%,优于对照组的70.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的不良反应的发生率为6.00%,低于对照组的14.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的治愈时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妇科肿瘤患者术后厌氧菌盆腔感染采取奥硝唑治疗的安全性更好,疗效以及安全性稳定,患者依从性高,临床效果明显,值得临床推广应用。     

奥硝唑预防口腔颌面部手术后感染的临床疗效观察

目的探讨奥硝唑预防口腔颌面部手术后感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法将80例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组应用奥硝唑,对照组应用甲硝唑,对两组间临床疗效和细菌清除率进行比较。结果观察组患者术后感染发生率为5.00%,对照组为20.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论奥硝唑可以降低口腔颌面部手术后的感染率,值得临床推广应用。     

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合奥硝唑治疗妇科感染的疗效研究

目的探讨头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合奥硝唑治疗妇科感染的临床疗效,为临床抗菌治疗策略的制定提供参考。方法选取医院收治的各类妇科感染患者292例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各146例;对照组采用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦静脉滴注进行治疗,观察组在对照组治疗方案的基础上,加用奥硝唑静脉滴注进行治疗;在治疗前后均采集相应部位的分泌物检测病原菌,对比两组患者的病原菌清除率、临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果妇科感染病原菌检出率最高为大肠埃希菌,其次为肺炎克雷伯菌;两组患者治疗前均检出病原菌113株,检出率均为77.40%;观察组治疗后的病原菌清除率为90.27%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);经过治疗后,观察组的总治愈率为51.37%,总有效率为81.51%,对照组分别为36.99%和71.23%,观察组的总治愈率和总有效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在治疗过程中,对照组的不良反应发生率为17.12%,观察组的不良反应发生率为15.07%,差异无统计学意义。结论头孢哌酮/舒巴坦联合奥硝唑治疗可提高妇科感染的临床疗效,更有效地清除病原菌,且安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

头孢孟多酯联合奥硝唑治疗妇科患者腹腔镜术后感染临床研究

目的探讨头孢孟多酯联合奥硝唑治疗妇科患者腹腔镜术后感染的治疗效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法对2011年5月-2013年3月收治的64例妇科腹腔镜术后感染患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各32例,对照组患者采用奥硝唑治疗,观察组患者在对照组治疗的基础上加用头孢孟多酯联合治疗,比较两组患者病原菌清除率及疗效,数据采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。结果患者感染治疗总有效率观察组为87.5%、对照组为68.8%,患者病原菌清除率观察组为87.5%、对照组为73.5%,两组总有效率及清除率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用头孢孟多酯与奥硝唑的联合抗菌治疗方案在妇科腹腔镜的细菌清除率方面有显著性的提高,在治疗妇科腹腔镜术后感染治疗有效率也有显著性的提高,因此值得对孢孟多酯与奥硝唑的联合抗菌治疗方案进行进一步的研究。     

奥硝唑在老年牙周化脓性感染治疗中的应用效果观察

目的观察奥硝唑在老年牙周化脓性感染治疗中的临床应用效果,为临床治疗老年牙周化脓性感染提供科学依据。方法选取2011年1月-2014年1月94例海南省农垦那大医院诊治的老年牙周化脓性感染患者,分为观察组与对照组,每组各47例,对照组患者口服甲硝唑治疗,观察组患者口服奥硝唑治疗,比较两组患者的治疗总有效率、细菌清除率、临床症状以及并发症发生率等,采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果观察组患者治疗总有效45例,总有效率为95.7%;对照组患者治疗总有效35例,总有效率为74.5%,两组治疗总有效率差异有统计学意义(t=5.312,P0.05);两组细菌清除率分别为93.6%和68.1%,差异有统计学意义(t=5.687,P0.05);两组患者并发症发生率分别为6.4%和10.6%,差异无统计学意义;观察组患者治疗前后牙龈指数为(2.16±0.51)分和(1.49±0.45)分,对照组患者治疗前后的牙龈指数为(2.21±0.56)分和(1.72±0.56)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.104,P0.05)。结论奥硝唑在老年牙周化脓性感染的治疗中具有较好的临床疗效,并且能够显著改善患者的临床症状,安全性能高,值得在临床推广使用。     

炎琥宁注射液治疗急性菌痢的临床疗效分析

目的:观察分析炎琥宁注射液治疗急性菌痢的临床效果。方法:将2007年01月-2011年8月就诊于我科的84例急性菌痢患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各42例。治疗组给予炎琥宁注射液240mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液250ml中静脉滴注,一天1次,疗程为3-4天;对照组给予环丙沙星0.2加入0.9%氯化钠注射液100ml中静脉滴注,一天2次,疗程为3-4天。结果:治疗组治愈41例,好转1例,治愈率为97.6%,有效率为100%。对照组治愈34例,好转6例,治愈率为80.9%,总有效率90.4%。治疗组治愈率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间治疗组未发生不良反应,对照组发生不良反应9例,占21.4%。结论:炎琥宁注射液治疗急性菌痢安全有效,值得临床推广应用。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.