锰对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的：探讨锰电焊对作业工人神经行为功能的影响。方法：采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的神经行为功能测试组合（NCTB），对51名锰电焊作业工人和51名对照人员进行了测试。结果：接触组在紧张、抑郁、愤怒方面的得分均明显低于对照组（P＜0．01），同时接触组平均反应时和最慢反应时得分，以及数字广度、数字译码、视觉记忆的平均得分均低于对照组（P＜0．01），而且在利手的敏捷度和目标追踪总分、追踪正确得分中，接触组均与对照组有较明显的差异（P＜0．01）。结论：接触一定剂量的锰在早期工人还无自觉症状时已经对工人的神经系统产生不良影响，进而引起的作业工人神经行为功能的改变。     

苯对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

对３００名苯作业工人神经行为功能测试结果为，长期高浓度（〉４０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）接触组工人的疲劳、困惑、好动等情感状况明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；数字跨度、数字译码等功能状态均低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；与浓度、工龄的相关分析呈明显的线性相关关系（Ｐ〈０．００１￣０．０５）。神经行为功能的改变早于外周血白细胞的改变。作者认为，苯接触者行为功能测试，可作为苯中毒早期监护、评价指标。     

汽油对作业工人神经行为的影响

目的　了解汽油对职业人群神经行为功能的影响。方法　应用ＷＨＯ 推荐的神经行为测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ） 对９２ 名汽油作业工人和８８ 名对照人员进行了神经行为功能测试,同时测定作业环境空气中汽油浓度。结果　接触组明显存在忧郁－ 沮丧的不良情绪状态,简单反应时慢于对照组,数字跨度、提转敏捷度、数字译码和目标追踪得分明显低于对照组,且行为功能得分随浓度的增高而降低。结论　提示长期接触汽油可影响工人神经行为功能。     

汞接触与神经行为功能关系的meta分析

目的：综合分析汞接触对神经行为功能改变的效应关系，取得敏感性行为指标。方法：采用meta分析对国内1994～2,003年发表的有关汞接触与神经行为关系的文献进行汇总、归纳和定量综合分析。结果：除目标追踪外，其余各项行为指标得分接触组与对照组差异显著，行为效应大小均大于0．2。结论：在神经行为测试中，数字译码、视觉保留、疲劳、数字跨度、紧张和反应速度是较敏感的指标。     

职业性接触二硫化碳对神经行为功能影响研究

本文运用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合对２３名接触二硫化碳的男性作业工人及年龄、文化程度和生活习惯与接触组相近的２９名对照工人的神经行为功能进行测试。结果表明：作业工人在接触平均ＣＳ２浓度为１２～５５ｍｇ／ｍ３、尿ＴＴＣＡ水平在０．９５３ｍｇ／ｇ·肌酐的情况下，４项神经行为测试（数据广度、视觉保留、数字译码和目标追踪）的得分显著低于对照组。进一步采用多元回归分析的方法调整年龄、文化程度对神经行为功能的影响，结果发现，数字译码测试项与接触工作环境ＣＳ２浓度呈负相关，而目标追踪测试项与工人尿ＴＴＣＡ水平呈负相关，提示长期高浓度接触ＣＳ２可影响作业工人的感知速度功能，而短期高浓度接触ＣＳ２影响精细操作控制和感知速度功能。     

电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响

目的 探讨电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（NCTB）对71名电焊工和82名对照组人员进行测试。结果接触组情绪状态测试（POMS）中除有力-好动外,其余6项得分均低于对照组（P〈0．01）;提转敏捷度、目标追踪正确数、数字译码、视觉保留、数字跨度方面得分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。紧张．焦虑、抑郁．沮丧及数字广度、数字译码与工龄有明显的相关性（P〈0．05）。结论电焊作业对工人的神经行为功能产生一定的影响。     

无铅汽油对神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢产物的影响

目的 探讨职业性无铅汽油接触以对神经功能和单胺类神经递质代谢的影响。方法 应用WHO推荐的神经行为检测组合（NCTB）对92名汽油作业工人和88名对照工人进行神经行为测试,同时用高效液相色谱法－电化学法联检测定其尿中高香草酸（HVA）和香草扁桃酸（VMA）的浓度。结果 接触组明显存在忧郁－沮丧的不良情绪状态,简单反应时慢于对照组,数字跨度、提转捷度、数字译码和目标追中学踪得分明显低于对照组,且行为功能得分随浓度的增高而降低;汽油接触工人尿中HVA和VMA浓度均降低。结论 提示职业性低浓度接触无铅汽油油可影响神经行为功能和单胺类神经递质代谢。     

职业性汞接触对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨汞对人体神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,于2009年9月对60名汞作业工人和60名对照人员进行神经行为功能测试。结果接触组在情感状态、简单反应时、数字跨度、视觉保留及数字译码、手提转捷度较对照组均有显著变化。结论汞接触可导致工人神经行为功能明显降低,神经行为功能测试可用于汞作业的早期评价指标。     

环境汞污染对居民尿中神经递质含量和神经行为的影响

应用荧光分光光度测定法和世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合法分别对汞污染水平不同的地区（大气中汞浓度平均值,污染区为０．００２１ｍｇ／ｍ３,对照区０．０００６５ｍｇ／ｍ３）非职业性汞接触居民进行尿中去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、５－羟色胺、５－羟吲哚乙酸４种神经递质含量和神经行为功能测定。结果显示：污染区居民尿中４种神经递质含量均高于对照区居民,两区神经行为功能指标测试值不同,经检验均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示汞可以干扰神经递质的代谢过程,并对神经行为功能产生影响。     

职业性接汞对神经行为功能的影响

对５６名无症状的接触汞工人进行了神经行为功能测试。结果表明：接触组的数字跨度、提转捷度、数字译码、视觉保留以及情感状态的有力－好动项得分明显低于对照组；简单反应时的各项指标匀较对照组慢；而情感状态的疲惫惰性项、因惑－迷茫项得分高于对照组。提示汞对接触者的损伤主要表现为运动直辖市能力、记忆力、反应能力及情感状态的改变。     

铝电解工神经行为、自主神经功能的改变

为探讨职业性铝接触对作业工人神经系统功能的损害 ,采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为测试组合 (NCTB)以及EwingDJ推荐的自主神经功能测试组合对铝厂电解车间 3 2名工人和 3 4名无职业性接触的面粉厂扛包工进行测试。结果表明 :铝电解工人的消极情感困惑 -迷茫和紧张 -焦虑的得分较对照组明显增加 ;而愤怒 -敌意、忧郁 -沮丧、疲惫 -惰性和有力 -好动的得分没有明显改变。数字译码数和目标追踪的打点数比对照组降低 ,而数字广度、提转捷度和视觉保留时的得分两组未见显著性差异。自主神经功能测试中反映副交感神经调节功能的R R间隔的变化能力降低。提示电解接触铝对作业工人的情感状态、神经行为和副交感神经的调节功能均产生了明显的负面影响     

低浓度锰对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

本文对71名接触低浓度锰作业工人进行了神经行为功能测试。结果表明,接触组工人的情感、听记忆、手工操作敏捷度、视感知/记忆和运动稳定性等测验得分均明显低于对照组。提示长期接触低浓度锰可能对工人的神经行为功能产生损害。     

Evaluation of the neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects following long-term exposure to metallic mercury in employed at a chlorine/sodium-hydroxide plant

OBJECTIVES: Within the frame work of a wide multicentre study, a sub-study was developed in order to explore the occurrence of early effects on the central nervous system, on the kidney and on the neuro-immune system in the workers of a chloro-alkali production plant exposed to metallic mercury at airborne concentration levels lower than 0.025 mg/m3 (TLV-TWA). They were compared to a control population of employees of the same huge petrochemical plant with different job that did not implicate exposure to mercury vapors. Specifically, the study aimed at revealing the occurrence of early effects on the central nervous system related with mercury exposure, as can be assessed through neurophysiological and neurobehavioral tests. METHODS: The excretion of urinary mercury was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The study of renal function was assessed by measurement of the urinary excretion of some high and low molecular weight protein markers (albumin, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, fibronectin, specific proximal tubule brush border antigens, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). The neurobehavioral status of the study subjects was assessed by means of several test parameters (Simple Reaction Time, Color Word Vigilance Test, Symbol Digit, Finger Tapping, Mood Scale of Kjellberg and Iwanowski, Subjective symptoms questionnaire (QSS), Luria Nebraska Motor Scale, Branches Alternate Movement Task and Tremometry). RESULTS: The values of urinary excretion averaged 12 +/- 8 micrograms Hg/g of creatinine for the exposed workers group (n = 38), while for the reference group (n = 34 cases) urinary excretion was statistically lower, averaging 4 +/- 6 micrograms Hg/g of creatinine. Neither the parameters selected for the assessment of renal functions, nor those chosen to probe the neurobehavioral status of the probands revealed statistically reliable differences between the group of exposed workers (length of exposure: range 1-34 years) and the control group. Nevertheless, some minor but still statistically reliable correlations were found between some neurobehavioral parameters and some demographic variables describing the whole group of tested workers, but not to the level of occupational exposure to mercury. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study confirm the lack of toxic effects of clinical importance on the central nervous system and on the kidney for values of mercury urinary excretion lower than the suggested index of biological exposure (IBE) of 35 micrograms Hg/gram of creatinine.     

低浓度汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

目的了解低浓度汞接触对不同性别机体行为功能影响的差异,为制订有效的防护策略提供依据。方法选择汞作业工人６６人（其中女性４３人）为接触组,另选无汞接触史的健康者８６人（其中女性４０人）为对照组,采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心方法作功能测试。结果女性在注意力及反映速度、听记忆、感知－运动速度等方面受汞的影响较男性敏感,而男性在视感知方面易受损。结论在劳动保护方面应男女各有侧重,尤其应注意接汞女工的健康监护。     

油墨生产工人神经行为功能影响的研究

目的　探讨油墨生产操作工人长时间职业性接触多种有机溶剂后 ,对其神经行为功能的影响。方法　采用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合 (NCTB) ,对 69名油墨操作工人和 72名对照者的情绪状态 (POMS)、简单视觉运动反应时、数字广度、圣他·安娜提转敏捷度、数字译码、Benton视觉保留、目标追踪测试Ⅱ等进行测试并对测试结果进行比较分析。结果　油墨车间空气多种有机溶剂浓度中位数均低于国家有关标准 ;除数字广度一项外 ,暴露组大多数测试项得分与对照组相比差异无显著意义 ;有机溶剂暴露时间长短与各测试项目得分无明显关系。结论　同时职业性接触多种低浓度有机溶剂的油墨工人 ,其神经行为功能未见明显影响     

乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响

目的 评价乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响.方法 选择某石化公司苯乙烯合成原料车间246名乙苯上料工为接触组,相应的公司办公人员122名作为对照组,通过问卷调查,收集乙苯职业接触的基本信息.通过WHO神经行为核心测试组合(NCTB)法,测试对象的个体神经行为功能.结果 接触组和对照组的4项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、困惑)得分之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),接触组的积极情绪状态(有力)得分(16.29±8.61)明显低于对照组(18.46±9.52),疲劳得分(9.23±1.27)明显高于对照组(7.16±1.15),(P＜0.05).接触组的平均反应时、数字广度得分明显高于对照组,手提转敏捷度、视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按不同的工龄分段,接触组各工龄段间视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3～、4～和5～年工龄段的5项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳、困惑)得分及平均反应时得分均明显高于0～和2～年工龄段.3～、4～年工龄段的数字广度和3～、4～和5～年工龄段的手提转敏捷度、数字译码得分皆明显低于0～和2～年工龄段,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乙苯可降低接触工人神经行为功能,工人神经行为功能在工龄为3年时发生了明显变化,工龄3年左右工人为乙苯神经行为损害的易感人群.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the influence of ethylbenzene on the neurobehavior of occupationally exposed workers. Methods The exposure group consisted of 246 workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene and 172 staffs from the offices served as controls. The basic information on ethylbenzene exposure was collected by the questionnaire. The nervous behavior and function of workers were evaluated by Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB). Results There were no differences of the scores for four emotional states (tension, depression, angry and bewilderment) between exposure group and control group (P＞0.05). The score of emotion (vigor) in exposure group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05), but the fatigue score in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The score of mean reaction time in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05), the scores of digital span, manual dexterity, visual retention and target tracking in exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05). The exposure group was divided into 5 sub-groups,according to working duration. There were no differences for the scores of visual retention and target tracking among 5 sub-groups (P＞0.05). The scores of five emotional states (tension, depression, angry, fatigue and bewilderment) in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly higher than those in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). The scores of digital span in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～ or 4～ years and the scores of manual dexterity and digital symbol in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 ～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly lower than those in 2 subgroups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ethylbenzene can depress the neurobehavioral functions of exposed workers. The neurobehavioral functions of workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years changed significantly. The workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years may be the susceptible population of neurobehavioral function impairment.     

Neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects associated with exposure to low doses of mercury from habitual consumption of marine fish

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects possibly associated with increased dietary intake of organic mercury (Hg), a group of 22 subjects living on the island of Carloforte (south-west Sardinia) was examined, who were regular consumers of tuna fish with relatively high Hg content. This group, never exposed occupationally to either Hg or to other neurotoxic substances, was compared with 22 age-matched controls employed at a chemical plant in Portotorres (northern Sardinia). METHODS: Hg in urine (HgU) and serum prolactin (PRL) were measured in all cases, whereas measurements of total (HgB) and organic blood mercury were available only for 10 subjects from Carloforte and 6 controls. Data about working history and lifestyle (education, smoking habit, alcohol and sea fish consumption) were collected by an interviewer using a standardised questionnaire. Neurotoxic symptoms were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire, whereas a test battery, including some computerised tests of the Swedish Performance Evaluation System (SPES) to assess vigilance and psychomotor performance, some tests on motor coordination (Luria-Nebraska and Branches Alternate Movement Task) and one memory test for numbers (Digit Span) was administered to assess neurobehavioral changes associated with exposure to dietary intake of organic mercury. In all cases, characteristics of hand tremor were evaluated by the CATSYS System 7.0. RESULTS: HgU values were significantly higher in the Carloforte group (median 6.5, range 1.8-21.5 micrograms/g creatinine) compared with controls (median 1.5, range 0.5-5.3 micrograms/g creatinine). Serum PRL was significantly higher among subjects from Carloforte and correlated with both urine and blood Hg levels. The scores of each item of the questionnaire investigating neurological symptoms were not statistically different in the two groups. In some tests of the SPES battery (Color Word Vigilance, Digit Symbol and Finger Tapping) the performance of the Carloforte group was significantly worse than that of controls, whereas in the other neurobehavioral tests poorer performances by the Carloforte group were not statistically significant. None of the tremor parameters was significantly different comparing the two groups. Multivariate analysis--controlling for education level and other covariates--carried out for the Symbol-Digit Reaction Time and for the Branches Alternate Movement Task (BAMT) showed that organic Hg concentration in blood was the most significant factor negatively affecting individual performance in these tests. Serum PRL was correlated with some neurobehavioral tests (Digit Symbol, Finger Tapping and BAMT). CONCLUSIONS: Some of the neurobehavioral tests were sensitive enough to discriminate groups with different Hg body burden, even in the low-dose range. However, the pattern of results suggests adverse neurobehavioral effects, especially on psycho-motor coordination, with a significant dose-effect relationship, mostly associated with long-term exposure to low levels of organic mercury due to the usual consumption of large fish with relatively high levels of Hg in the flash.     

Neuropsychological and stress evaluation of a residential mercury exposure

Residents of a former factory building converted to apartments were exposed to mercury over a 2-year period. The neurobehavioral and emotional health effects of this exposure and subsequent evacuation are presented. Urine mercury levels were measured before (urine1) and 3-10 weeks after evacuation (urine2) of the building, when neurobehavioral and psychological measures were also completed. Performance on neurobehavioral and psychologic measures were compared between subjects above and below the median for urine1 (>=19 microg/g creatinine) and were correlated with urine1 mercury levels. The high urine mercury group made more errors on a test of fine motor function and 84% of the residents reported clinically significant elevations in somatic and psychologic symptoms. Although subclinical tremor from mercury exposure may have affected subtle hand-eye coordination, other tests of motor function were not affected. Therefore, the observation of reduced hand-eye coordination may be due to chance. Significant levels of psychosocial stress were more closely associated with the evacuation necessitated by mercury exposure rather than a direct effect of mercury exposure.