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1.
目的分析信阳市艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)流行特征,探讨其防治对策。方法汇总分析信阳市1995年-2008年HIV/AIDS疫情资料和流行病学个案调查资料。结果在各类人群中共发现HIV/AIDS病例1 679例,其中1 472例已发展为AIDS病人,至2008年底已死亡576例。77.30%为经血传播,17.10%为性接触传播,2.40%为母婴传播。结论加强监测准确掌握疫情是信阳市控制HIV/AIDS传播的基础。要加大主动监测力度,早期发现病人并实施有效管理。  相似文献   

2.
云浮市2004~2006年艾滋病流行特点分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[目的]分析云浮市各监测人群艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)的感染状况及相关行为情况,掌握云浮市HIV/AIDS的流行趋势,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。[方法]分析云浮市2004~2006年的HIV/AIDS常规、哨点、行为监测资料。[结果]自1997年以来云浮市累计发现艾滋病病毒感染者349例,其中HIV 289例,AIDS60例。近3年来艾滋病感染数量分别以60%、53%、41%速度递增;2004~2006年云浮市共报告HIV/AIDS 248例,发现的HIV感染者占总数的71.06%,感染人群以20~39岁组为主,214例,占总发现数的86.29%,2004~2006年HIV感染者中职业不详或其他的占总数7.62%;经静脉吸毒途径感染者占总数的84.91%,性途径占7.11%;并发现两例母婴传播病例。感染者中男性占92.74%,女性占7.26%。[结论]云浮市艾滋病流行速度明显加快,近年来主要在吸毒人群中传播,应对高危人群采取减少危害等干预措施,控制HIV从高危人群向一般人群传播。  相似文献   

3.
某市艾滋病流行趋势分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的分析某市艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)流行现状、特征、影响因素及趋势,为制定AIDS防治措施提供依据。方法对全市1995~2005年AIDS病人常规监测、高危人群哨点监测、流行病学调查及实验室的资料进行分析。结果自1995年发现首例艾滋病病人至2005年底,累计报告发现HIV抗体阳性者40例,其中现存活艾滋病病人4例,死亡11例。HIV感染者/AIDS病例主要以90年代有偿献血人员和近几年来自艾滋病高发地区的外来HIV阳性妇女为主要高危人群,并已有造成夫妻间和母婴传播病例。结论艾滋病流行速度已明显加快,除在高危人群中发现的人数在增加外,在一般人群中也存在着流行的可能,要加大预防控制措施的落实,防止艾滋病由高危人群向一般人群传播。  相似文献   

4.
目的了解并掌握西华县HIV/AIDS流行病学特征。方法对1996-2011年西华县HIV/AIDS流行病学资料进行统计整理,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 1996-2011年西华县累计报告HIV/AIDS 1 246例,其中HIV感染者148例,AIDS病人1 098例,男性733例,女性513例,男女比例1.43:1。报告死亡358例。感染途径以1990-1995年有偿单采血(浆)为主,占81.38%(1 014例),其次为性传播占8.59%(107例),母婴传播占2.65%(33例),输血/血制品传播占7.22%(90例)。结论西华县艾滋病流行形势严峻,各种传播途径并存,并由高危人群向一般人群蔓延趋势,性传播成为现阶段艾滋病传播的主要方式。  相似文献   

5.
范秋平  李晓惠 《河南预防医学杂志》2012,23(2):138+164-138,164
目的分析长葛市艾滋病疫情现状及流行趋势,为决策部门制订艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2001-2010年长葛市艾滋病血清学监测资料、哨点监测资料和艾滋病专报数据库资料进行分析。结果截止2010年底,长葛市累计确诊艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS病人135例,其中死亡58例,现存活77例,现症病人46例。结论长葛市艾滋病疫情呈低流行状态,疫情上升速度有所减缓,传播途径逐步多样化,呈现由高危人群向一般人群扩散趋势。  相似文献   

6.
目的分析河北省农村地区艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)流行现状、特征及趋势,为制定艾滋病防治策略提供依据。方法选取河北省艾滋病疫情流行比较严重的廊坊市进行回顾性调查,对自1995年以来的AIDS常规监测、高危人群哨点监测、流行病学调查及实验室资料进行分析。结果廊坊市自1995年发现首例AIDS至2004年,累计报告HIV感染者252例。HIV感染者传播途径以经血液传播为主要途径(占97.2%),同时已出现经性途径和母婴垂直传播的病例。HIV感染者年龄分布主要以30 ̄49岁的中青年人为主,占87.26%(137/157),男女性别比为1∶1.1,农民占97.6%。结论河北省廊坊市AIDS已经从高危人群向一般人群扩散,应加大健康教育、行为干预和监测力度,完善综合防治措施,遏止AIDS的传播。  相似文献   

7.
[目的]了解德阳市艾滋病的流行特点阶段、模式、分析传染来源和流行趋势,制定有效的艾滋病综合防治策略.[方法]对全市1995~2006年HIV/AIDS流行病学资料进行分析.[结果]1995~2006年我市共发现HIV感染者108人,35人已死亡(32.4%);男(64.8%)高于女(35.2%),21~45岁组(86.1%)感染数最高,经血液(50.9%,)、性传播(49.1%)是我市HIV传播的重要途径.[结论]虽然我市还处于HIV流行的早期阶段,但除母婴传播途径未发现外,其他传播途径都已在我市发现,随着女性感染者不段增多和性乱人群的增加,母婴传播和一般人群感染的危险性日渐增加.  相似文献   

8.
[目的]了解济南市HIV感染者/AIDS病人的发病特征,为预防和控制艾滋病的流行提供依据.[方法]对每一个HIV感染者/AIDS病人建立个人档案,定期随访,并进行CD4检测.[结果]2003~2006年,济南市累计发现HIV感染者/AIDS病人 54例,累计发病率0.88/10万.其中,HIV感染者43例,AIDS病人11例,已死亡4例.经性接触传播40例,占74.1%,其中同性性接触占性接触传播的32.5%;血液传播12例,占22.2%;不详2例,占3.7%.报告病例主要来自综合医院住院病人、外来妇女、VCT,分别占25.9%、22.2%、22.2%.先后对34例HIV感染者/AIDS病人进行CD4检测,其中11例CD4 T淋巴细胞<200/mm3 .对符合国家规定抗病毒治疗条件的11例AIDS病人均进行了抗病毒治疗,随访发现家庭内传播6例.[结论]济南市发现的HIV感染者/AIDS病人逐年增加.性接触是主要感染途径.应采取有效措施,预防与控制艾滋病的传播.  相似文献   

9.
目的了解会泽县HIV感染者/AIDS患者的流行特征。方法分析1997-2007年会泽县HIV感染者/AIDS患者的流行病学调查资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果1997-2007年会泽县共报告HIV感染者/AIDS患者173例,其中HIV感染者128例,AIDS患者13例,报告死亡32例;男性107例,女性66例,男女性别比为1.62∶1。感染途径以性接触传播为主,占39.3%(68例),其次为静脉吸毒占26.6%(46例),母婴传播占1.7%(3例),传播途径不详占32.4%(56例)。结论会泽县艾滋病流行形势严峻,多种传播途径并存,并呈由高危人群向一般人群蔓延趋势。  相似文献   

10.
徐艳平 《职业与健康》2011,27(9):1015-1016
目的全面了解龙游县艾滋病流行特征,探讨适合该县的切实有效的防治模式与措施。方法收集2003—2009年龙游县艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)流行病学资料进行统计分析。结果龙游县的HIV/AIDS快速增长的势头日趋明显,2003—2009年累计发现HIV/AIDS 45例,其中AIDS病人(AIDS)4例,死亡1例。异性传播30例,占66.67%;静脉吸毒5例,占11.11%;传播途径两者兼有的9例,占20.00%;不详1例。集中在20~39岁之间的HIV/AIDS36例,占80%。结论该县要继续坚持预防为主、防治结合的方针,不断加强能力建设,广泛开展健康教育,不断加大监测力度,坚定不移地推行干预措施以遏制艾滋病的传播。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

14.
Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.  相似文献   

15.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

16.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

17.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.  相似文献   

20.
Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.  相似文献   

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