论初级卫生保健发展战略

中国曾经是国际初级卫生保健的典范,各国都把＂人人享有初级卫生保健＂作为人人享有健康权的底线,健全初级卫生保健,保障健康公平底线是政府的公共职能,农村是初级卫生保健的重点,社区卫生服务是初级卫生保健的载体。     

以农村卫生为重点 提高全民族健康素质

中国曾经是国际初级卫生保健的典范，各国都把“人人享有初级卫生保健”作为人人享有健康权的底线。健全初级卫生保健，保障健康公平底线是政府的公共职能．农村卫生是提高全民健康素质构建和谐社会的基础。     

21世纪全球卫生战略与社区卫生服务

1978年在阿拉木图召开的国际初级卫生保健会议上通过了“2000年人人享有卫生保健”全球卫生战略。《阿拉木图宣言》明确指出：初级卫生保健是实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的关键和基本途径。《阿拉木图宣言》作为国际卫生发展史的里程碑，揭开了全球初级卫生保健的序幕。WHO认为人人享有卫生保健是一个导致人民健康逐步改善的过程，而不是一     

初级卫生保健与健康教育

“2000年人人享有卫生保健”是全球的社会目标,是卫生发展的总战略。初级卫生保健(PHC)是实现“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的关键和基础。健康教育是初级卫生保健的第一个内容、可见健康教育在初级卫生保健中具有举足轻重的地位。     

农村社区初级卫生保健未来发展必须遵循的几条原则

对农村社区初级卫生保健未来5年发展的研究,是我国农村实现2000年人人享有卫生保健的重要课题。本文仅就农村初级卫生保健未来发展必须遵循的几条原则作一雏议。1 初级卫生保健的发展必须与国民经济、社会发展同步 经济与社会发展的目标是提高人民的生活质量,包括人民的健康质量。也就是说,健康是经济与社会发展的有机组成部分。初级卫生保健的目标是“人人享有卫生保健”、“人人健康”。因此,初级卫生保健又是国民     

社区环境与村医疗点业务收入关系的研究

世界卫生组织(WHO)在1998年第51届世界卫生大会上提出:21世纪人人享有初级卫生保健的目的,在于继续实现1978年阿拉木图会议发起的人人享有卫生保健的理想。并确定了21世纪人人享有卫生保健的总目标和具体目标。我国农村初级卫生保健工作的进一步落实要依靠三级卫生服务网,其中作为网底的村级卫生组织是初级卫生保健的主体,是切实保障全体农村居民享受基本卫生服务、实现2000年全球卫生目标和我国2010年第二个初级卫生保健十年规划目标的关键。     

分担初级卫生保健的责任

卫生部等5个部委联合发出的《我国农村实现2000年人人享有卫生保健的规划目标》的通知中指出:初级卫生保健是最基本的、人人能够得到的、体现社会平等权利的、人民群众和政府都能负担得起的卫生保健服务。实施初级卫生保健是全社会的事业,就国家而言,实施初级卫生保健是政府的职责、社会的职责;就人民群众而言,人人都有权享受初级卫生保健,人人又都有义务参与初级卫生保健,并为初级卫生保健     

江阴市编印一套初级卫生保健宣传画

为了使“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的规划目标家喻户晓,深入人心,江苏省江阴市初级卫生保健委员会和江阴市卫生局编印了一套三幅宣传画。其标题分别为:《2000年人人享有卫生保健》、《实施初级卫生保健》、《健康为人人,人人为健康》。这套宣传画以“2000年人人享有卫生保健”的规划目标为主线,突出了初级卫生保健的基本内容和三级卫生保健网,融疾病控制、卫生监督、妇幼保健、卫生行为予一体。色彩鲜明,图文并茂,形象生动;以初级卫生保健内容为主成套制版彩印这在国内尚属首家,可供城乡广泛张贴宣传。首版15000     

“首届21世纪初级卫生保健论坛”宣言

以人为本 ,健康是根。健康是中华民族伟大复兴的基石。人民健康是国家发展的永恒主题。由中国初级卫生保健基金会、中国农村卫生协会、广东省卫生厅、广东省中山市人民政府主办的“首届 2 1世纪初级卫生保健论坛”于 2 0 0 3年11月 2 9日在广东省中山市举办。这次论坛的主题是“人人享有初级卫生保健与我国全面建设小康社会进程中的健康促进策略”。“论坛”认为 ,根据世界卫生组织提出的 2 1世纪前2 0年人人享有卫生保健的全球性目标 ,确定的我国本世纪前 2 0年农村初级卫生保健的总目标和实施策略是 2 0 0 0年人人享有初级卫生保健目标的…     

"首届21世纪初级卫生保健论坛"宣言

以人为本,健康是根。健康是中华民族伟大复兴的基石。人民健康是国家发展的永恒主题。由中国初级卫生保健基金会、中国农村卫生协会、广东省卫生厅、广东省中山市人民政府主办的“首届21世纪初级卫生保健论坛”于2003年11月29日在广东省中山市举办。这次论坛的主题是:“人人享有初级卫生保健与我国全面建设小康社会进程中的健康促进策略”。“论坛”认为,根据世界卫生组织提出的21世纪前20年“人人享有卫生保健”的全球性目标确定的我国本世纪前20年农村初级卫生保健的总目标和实施策略,是“2000年人人享有初级卫生保健”目标的继续和发展,…     

论城市初级卫生保健是健康城市的基础

城市化和人口剧增使城市生存环境日趋恶化,WHO发起的“健康城市”运动正在世界范围内兴起,它将成为提高城市人口生存质量最有效的途径。“健康城市”的实施需要政府支持、部门协作和社区参与,而“2000年人人享有卫生保健”是全球卫生战略和城市社会发展的目标,城市初级卫生保健是“健康城市”的关键和基本途径,是“健康城市”的基础。     

Quality of maternal and child health care in different models of Primary Health Care

This study evaluated the quality of the maternal and child health care in two different models of Primary Health Care. Interviews were carried out by trained personnel with 1200 families randomly selected. Processes of assistance for maternal and child health care were evaluated by Family Health Strategy Teams and traditional health centers. In the evaluation of child health care, the precocity of the first consultation, the regular assessment of growth and development, the recommendations for accident prevention and prophylactic use of iron supplementation and vitamin A had been statistically associated with the model of the health care. Regarding prenatal health care the results showed statistically significant differences between the two models for breastfeeding counseling, nutritional recommendations and cervical preventive screening using Papanicolaou smear. For women health care out of pregnancy period, the results revealed that counseling for breasts auto-examination, preventive screening using Papanicolaou smear in last year and participation in family planning programs were associated with health Primary Health Care model. All the pointed differences had shown better performance of the Family Health Strategy Teams.     

Primary care (PC) and primary health care (PHC). What is the difference?

Primary Care and Primary Health Care are very similar terms which are often employed interchangeably, but which are also used to denote quite different concepts. Much time and energy is spent discussing which term is the appropriate one for a particular application. There is a growing recognition internationally that the two terms describe two quite distinct entities. Recent Canadian uses of the two terms are, for the most part, consistent with the international uses. Primary Care, the shorter term, describes a narrower concept of "family doctor-type" services delivered to individuals. Primary Health Care is a broader term which derives from core principles articulated by the World Health Organization and which describes an approach to health policy and service provision that includes both services delivered to individuals (Primary Care services) and population-level "public health-type" functions.     

初级卫生保健体系研究

世界各国卫生体制改革的共同目标是改进初级保健的可及性、持续性、连续性和质量,实现人群卫生需求的公平性和成本效果,从而提高居民的健康水平、疾病风险分担能力和满意度.文章总结了部分国家初级卫生保健体系构成、改革动力及发展趋势,并重点介绍了国际公认发展模式较为成熟的荚国、澳大利亚初级卫生保健体系的组织形式、筹资机制与发展进程,以期获得对我国卫生体制改革的启示.     

Primary Health Care through a community based smoking-cessation program

The International Conference on Primary Health Care, meeting in Alma-Ata, in the Soviet Union, September 12, 1978, expressed the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers and the world community, to protect and promote the health of all people of the world. The world was caught by the phrase which emerged from this conference, Health For All by the Year 2000 and many have examined the articles of the Alma-Ata declaration and tried to implement them in their corner of the world. This paper describes a community-based smoking-cessation program which was implemented in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, during the years 1980–1984. Primary to this project was the belief that people have the right and the duty to participate individually and collectively in planning and implementing their health care. This paper describes one community's effort in putting this belief into practice.Carol Smillie, B.N. BE.d. M.S.c. is an Assistant Professor at the School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3J5, Katherine Coffin, BA, MEd is the Program Officer, Nova Scotia Office, Health Promotion Directorate Health and Welfare Canada, 5251 Duke Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Canada B3J 1P3. Kathryn Porter, B.A. (Gen)., is the Information and Education Coordinator, Nova Scotia Division Canadian Cancer Society. Brenda Ryan, B.A., M.B.A. is Program Evaluation Analysist, Nova Scotia Department of Health, 6088 Hollis Street, Halifax. Nova Scotia, Canada. This Project was funded by Health and Welfare Canada, Nova Scotia Department of Health, Nova Scotia Division Canadian Cancer Society, Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Professor Carol Smillie.     

Intersectorality and bonding in tuberculosis control in Family Health

This is a qualitative study which aims to analyze the performance of the Family Health teams in the control of tuberculosis according to the relationship between bonding and the development of intersectoral actions in the metropolitan region of Jo?o Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. To construct the empirical material focus group techniques were used. Seven focus groups were conducted, involving 37 professionals of the Family Health teams. For analysis, the discourse analysis technique was used. It was concluded that the lack of intersectoral action weakens the bond between tuberculosis patients, their families and the Family Health team. It is noteworthy that intersectoral measures are fundamental in the development of integral care for tuberculosis patients in the context of Primary Health Care.     

Organization of traditional Primary Health Care and the Family Health Program in large cities in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This article analyzes the organization of traditional Primary Health Care and the Family Health Program (FHP) in the 22 municipalities of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with more than 100,000 inhabitants each in 2005. The methodology included visits to the municipalities, interviews with health managers, and analysis of national databases. Four summary variables were defined: the Primary Health Care model and inclusion of the FHP; institutionalization of the FHP; organization of traditional primary care; and organization of the FHP. Classification of the municipalities according to the four variables showed widely diverse situations and the predominance of a parallel model for inclusion of the FHP. The municipalities with the best structural conditions for primary care are located in the interior of the State, besides those that have had the FHP implemented for more than six years and that practice various modalities of Primary Health Care organization. The majority of the municipalities with the worst situation in relation to the FHP are located in Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro. In light of the results, the article discusses the challenges facing the FHP as a strategy for structuring primary health care in large cities, particularly in metropolitan areas.     

Shifting of emphasis in the world health sector strategy; from political concerns to economic ones

Primary Health Care, proclaimed by WHO in 1978, is a health strategy that aims to achieve the ultimate objective "Health For All", with underlying political concerns for ideals such as social justice, equity and human rights. Meanwhile, "globalization", urged by the U.S.A., other developed countries and multinational corporations, has since promoted liberalization of trade, capital and finance, which has in the past few decades been sweeping all over the world. With this "new economic liberalism", values that put much emphasis on economic efficiency are now at the forefront. The World Bank, which supports the tendency along with the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, has become an influential actor in helping developing countries to prosper economically. The World Bank, whose basic idea is that investment in health is basic for economic growth, has in the 1990s also exerted considerable influence on the international health sector with its overwhelming provision of financial assistance. Instead of political concerns like equity and human rights, 'economic concerns' such as fairer budget allocation, cost-effectiveness, cost reduction and efficiency have now become main points for discussion in the international health field. This shift in emphasis poses fundamental questions for the core goal of the World Health Organization; "Health For All".