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对常用的4种沼气利用方案即设置沼气燃烧器回焚烧炉燃烧、设置沼气回喷入焚烧炉装置但无点火设备、排放至垃圾坑并经风机抽回至焚烧炉处理、配套沼气发电燃气内燃机发电机组的技术可行性进行了分析,结果表明,沼气通过沼气燃烧器回炉焚烧利用方案最佳。 相似文献
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河北省农村沼气建设与健康教育需求研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的了解农村沼气建设及其综合利用对庭院环境卫生和农民健康状况的影响,探讨农村沼气建设及与农民健康促进工作的工作模式。方法选择两个沼气项目县,对402户进行问卷调查和6个村的骨干人群进行专题小组讨论,并采集沼液、沼渣101份进行了寄生虫虫卵检查。结果有沼气户的庭院卫生、厨房卫生、厕所卫生明显好于无沼气户,有效改善了农村脏、乱、差和“五乱”现象;沼气综合利用知识知晓率及健康行为形成率,有沼气户显著高于无沼气户。沼气中寄生虫卵的杀灭效果达100%,使粪便完全达到了无害化。农民获得沼气有关知识的主要途径是通过电视媒体和宣传品。结论沼气建设及其综合利用具有显著的环境卫生改善效果,应充分利用电视、宣传品等渠道和传播材料,广泛传播沼气综合利用的知识,尤其注重推广、普及沼气的广泛用途,提高沼气的综合利用效能。 相似文献
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本文通过国内外生活垃圾填埋产生沼气后进行导排利用的现状分析,结合济南市无害化处理厂垃圾填埋后沼气产生的现状进行分析,预测,研究,提出沼气导排利用的对策。 相似文献
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沼气建设对农民健康相关知识、态度和行为影响的调查研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的通过沼气建设对农民健康相关知识、态度、行为影响的调查,了解农民健康教育需求状况,探讨“农村沼气建设及其综合利用”健康教育工作模式。方法在江西、贵州、河北和陕西4省分别对已建和未建沼气户随机问卷调查1209人和410人,并进行对比分析和多因素统计分析。结果已建沼气和未建沼气户影响健康相关知识的知晓率分别低于53.0%和50.0%;4省已建沼气调查对象回答“改善环境卫生”和“能增加收入”的健康相关态度指标的百分率分别达到90.9%和73.9%以上;已建沼气户调查对象“饭前便后每次洗手”、“喝开水”、“夏季每天洗澡”的卫生行为的百分率均高于未建沼气户(P<0.01);健康教育需求显示:被调查对象希望获得预防常见传染病的基本知识并喜欢通过电视、宣传画等形式进行了解。结论通过农村沼气建设及其综合利用及开展多种形式的健康教育,有助于提高农民健康相关知识的知晓率,促健康相关行为形成,有利于提高农民的健康水平,减少传染性疾病及寄生虫病的发生。 相似文献
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研究了在连续进出料条件下,餐厨垃圾与市政污泥的不同混合比例对混合中温厌氧日产气量、pH、VFA/碱度、TS去除率、VS去除率以及沼气产率和甲烷产率的影响.结果表明:当物料单独厌氧消化时,投加含固率为8%餐厨垃圾的系统比投加合固率为10%餐厨垃圾的系统更加稳定;当餐厨垃圾与市政污泥TS之比为80:20时,去除单位VS的沼气和甲烷平均产量最高,分别达到712 mL/g和388 mL/g,物料TS和VS平均去除率分别为60%和75%;而当混合比例为60∶40时,获得最高的TS和VS平均去除率,分别是71%和77%,去除单位VS的沼气和甲烷平均产量分别是668 mL/g和374 mL/g;餐厨垃圾与市政污泥混合厌氧消化与餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化相比,沼气甲烷含量、去除单位VS的沼气和甲烷平均产率都有所提高,并且具有更好的系统稳定性. 相似文献
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《Global public health》2013,8(2):221-235
Abstract Women living on rural Kenyan dairy farms spend significant amounts of time collecting wood for cooking. Biogas digesters, which generate biogas for cooking from the anaerobic decomposition of livestock manure, are an alternative fuel source. The objective of this study was to quantify the quality of life and health benefits of installing biogas digesters on rural Kenyan dairy farms with respect to wood utilisation. Women from 62 farms (31 biogas farms and 31 referent farms) participated in interviews to determine reliance on wood and the impact of biogas digesters on this reliance. Self-reported back pain, time spent collecting wood and money spent on wood were significantly lower (p<0.01) for the biogas group, compared to referent farms. Multivariable linear regression showed that wood consumption increased by 2 lbs/day for each additional family member living on a farm. For an average family of three people, the addition of one cow was associated with increased wood consumption by 1.0 lb/day on biogas farms but by 4.4 lbs/day on referent farms (significant interaction variable – likely due to additional hot water for cleaning milk collection equipment). Biogas digesters represent a potentially important technology that can reduce reliance on wood fuel and improve health for Kenyan dairy farmers. 相似文献
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利用1995—2009年天津市社会从业人员(TEP)、天津市国内生产总值(GDP)、天津市国内3种专利申请授权数(PAG)和在此期间的天津市CO2排放量数据建立了STIRPAT应用模型,检验了人口、经济和技术因素对天津市CO2排放的影响。采用ADF平稳性检验和Johansen协整检验等方法验证了变量间存在长期稳定的均衡关系。使用分位数回归估计了TEP、GDP和PAG分别在各个分位点上得到的系数值。结果表明,TEP对CO2的影响随分位点上升先升后降,峰值在55分位点上,反映了其代表的人口因素在55分位点附近的年份中对CO2排放的影响最大;GDP对CO2的影响随分位点上升而下降,说明CO2排放量较低的年份中GDP所代表的经济因素对其造成了更大的影响;PAG对CO2随分位点上升而升高,说明其代表的技术因素在CO2排放量较高的年份中对其影响更大。根据分析结果提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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Characterization and origin of EC and OC particulate matter near the Doñana National Park (SW Spain)
A.M. Sánchez de la Campa C. Pio X. Querol Y. González-Castanedo 《Environmental research》2009,109(6):671-681
In the South of Spain, major industrial estates (e.g. Huelva) exist alongside ecologically interesting zones (e.g. Doñana National Park). Between June 2005 and June 2006, PM10 and PM2.5 were measured, for total mass, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) chemical composition, at a station in an ecologically interesting area located near Doñana National Park and an urban background area with industrial influence. The mean OC concentration is higher in the urban background (3.5 μg m−3) than in the rural monitoring station (2.8 μg m−3) as a consequence of local emissions (e.g. traffic). A total of 82% of TC is OC in the rural station, while the urban background station reveals 70% and 73% of TC in the PM10 and PM2.5 mass, respectively.The study of air-mass origin and characterization of carbonaceous species in the course of simultaneous sampling in rural and urban background monitoring stations differentiated three long-range air-mass transports: a North-African dust outbreak, Atlantic Advection and Continental (N-NW) episodes, the origins of the first and last of which are more heavily influenced by the anthropogenic emissions from industrial estates located around the city of Huelva (Punta del Sebo and Nuevo Puerto). Higher values were measured for OC and EC in the study area during the North-African dust outbreak, similar to those obtained during the Continental episode (N-NW), which was clearly influenced by industrial emissions, followed by the Atlantic Advection episodes. The comparison of carbon species with air-mass origin can help to discriminate the origin and source of particulate matter, as well as to determine the urban impact on rural areas. 相似文献
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农村生活垃圾现状及处置技术初探——以太湖流域为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以太湖流域为例,分析农村生活垃圾的产生现状,对当前的处理模式进行评估,提出了农村生活垃圾与其他废物的“以废治废”构想,建议开展以农村生活垃圾分拣预处理,以其中易腐有机成分的肥料化、沼气化处理,其他成分填埋和回收为主的方式较为适合。开发以易腐有机成分和辅以农村秸杆类废物为骨料,加以农村畜禽粪便为营养,利用农村生活污水流动分配养分的厌氧发酵技术实现农村废物的共处置目标,最终达到强化产沼和加速骨料腐熟程度的目的。 相似文献