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1.
肿瘤患者营养支持药物利用调查分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
目的 了解我院肿瘤患者营养支持药物使用情况。方法 通过调查我院 1999年~ 2 0 0 2年药库明细帐和 2 0 0 2年 10 14份病历 ,用药物利用研究方法 ,分析我院营养支持药物的用药结构、用药合理性等。结果  4年间这类药物的使用品种、数量、金额上升了 5 8 82 %、71 6 6 %和 2 8 16 % ;在调查病历中 4 9 30 %的肿瘤患者使用了这类药物 ,肠外营养 (PN)和肠内营养 (EN)药物使用数量比为 14∶1;人次比为 13∶1;其中营养不良患者为 19 80 % ;在可判定DDD值的PN药物中 ,大部分DUI值大于 1,EN药物大部分DUI值小于 1。结论 营养支持药物的使用品种、数量、金额 4年间提升很快 ;PN药物的使用数量和人次远高于EN药物 ;对部分患者实施营养支持治疗的适应症掌握令人质疑 ;部分营养支持药物的使用剂量不尽合理。如何合理应用营养支持治疗需要进一步探讨。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解2011—2015年第三季度全国183家三级甲等医院住院患者抗菌药物的使用情况,评价政策干预效果并发现问题,为指导下一步政策干预提供方向。方法通过国家抗菌药物临床应用监测网收集2011—2015年第三季度全国183家三级甲等医院住院患者抗菌药物使用数据,从品种数量、消耗金额、用药频度(DDDs)、金额和DDDs序号比4个方面进行综合分析。结果 2011—2015年第三季度抗菌药物品种数量减少129种,减幅最大的药物是喹诺酮类抗菌药物;抗菌药物消耗金额和DDDs在2011—2012年下降幅度最大,分别下降24.98%和15.92%,后又呈增加趋势,其中消耗金额回升较快。头孢菌素类抗菌药物在不同年度品种数量、消耗金额和DDDs各维度占比均最高,平均占比分别为25.85%、38.80%和46.35%。2011—2015年,碳青霉烯类和其他β-内酰胺类(氨曲南)抗菌药物消耗金额逐年升高,增长率从12.20%上升到22.53%,美罗培南消耗金额占比稳居全体抗菌药物金额费用第一位,2015年前三季度占比达到8.23%,从2013年开始,亚胺培南/西司他汀钠稳居第二位,2015年前三季度占比达到4.93%。左氧氟沙星和头孢呋辛稳居各年度DDDs消耗占比前两位且有继续增加趋势,2015年前三季度占比分别为9.04%和5.91%。各年度不同类别抗菌药物使用金额与DDDs排序比平均值最大的是喹诺酮类抗菌药物(2.40),最小的是碳青霉烯类和其他β-内酰胺类药物(氨曲南)(0.39)。结论一系列抗菌药物管理政策实施后,医疗机构对抗菌药物品种数量和用药频度控制有效果,但是金额控制比较乏力。头孢菌素类是三级医院使用最多的抗菌药物,限制使用级和特殊使用级抗菌药物使用增加,加重了患者负担。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解我院社区家庭病床药品应用情况,为社区卫生药学服务,家庭病床规范用药提供参考。方法将我院2004~2005年度家庭病床所用药品按药品类型、药理作用分类统计,对用药金额和用药频度进行数据统计分析。结果2005年药品消耗以西药为主(占65.55%),其次是中成药(占30.25%)。2005年循环系统用药金额(占29.48%)排第一位,降糖药金额(占19.23%),排第二位。结论家庭病床用药情况分析显示了家庭病床用药特点和用药趋势,有利于规范家庭病床用药,为患者提供恰当的药物治疗。  相似文献   

4.
住院患者抗菌药物的应用分析   总被引:8,自引:7,他引:8  
目的了解医院住院患者抗菌药物的应用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法调查2005年1~6月份各科室住院患者抗菌药物使用情况,对其中的抗菌药物按种类、金额等进行统计、比较和分析。结果住院患者抗菌药物用药金额占住院患者总用药金额的13.28%;使用量最大的为头孢菌素类药物。结论我院抗菌药物应用存在用药剂量偏大、费用偏高的现象。  相似文献   

5.
目的 分析2008至2010年我院住院患者使用肠内、肠外营养制剂的情况,为临床更合理使用该类药物提供参考.方法 统计2008至2010年我院住院药房肠内、肠外营养制剂的销售品种、数量及销售金额,对各类肠内、肠外营养制剂按用药频度进行对比排序.结果 肠内营养制剂的品种数从2008年的7种增加到2010年的9种,用药金额从2008年的42.64万元增加到2010年的67.37万元,增加了57.99%;肠外营养制剂的品种数从2008年的43种增加到2010年的50种,用药金额从2008年的891.31万元增加到2010年的1363.73万元,增加了53.00%.结论 在肠外营养和肠内营养的应用上,我院营养支持仍以肠外营养为主,肠内营养制剂的使用比例较低.  相似文献   

6.
消化系统恶性肿瘤病人围手术期营养支持现况调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:调查我院消化系统恶性肿瘤大手术病人营养支持现状和存在问题,为进一步规范肿瘤病人的临床营养支持工作提供依据。方法:回顾性调查我院肿瘤外科2010年1个月内出院的消化系统恶性肿瘤大手术病人病历180份,对其围手术期营养支持情况进行分析。结果:肠外营养(PN)与肠内营养支持(EN)人数比为3.2∶1。手术前后营养支持率分别为5.2%和100%。围手术期营养支持平均天数为(12.1±8.3)天,术后营养支持中位天数分别为胰腺癌13.3 d,食管贲门癌13.2 d,胃癌8.0 d,肝胆癌5.4 d,结直肠癌5.1 d。术后营养支持人均供给热量为5 633.3~693.7 kJ(1 346.4±165.8kcal)/d,其中每公斤理想体重平均供给热量104.6~125.5kJ(25~30 kcal)/(kg.d)的人数占32.8%,<83.68 kJ(20 kcal)/(kg.d)的人数占28.4%,<62.76 kJ(15 kcal)/(kg.d)的人数占7.8%。此外,PN病人中92.7%人次使用了谷氨酰胺、鱼油免疫营养支持治疗,EN病人中14.8%人次使用了富含鱼油的EN制剂。营养制剂费用人均(7 024.4±7 330.2)元人民币,日均(611.6±473.5)元人民币,日均营养制剂费用PN组显著高于EN组(P<0.01)。结论:我院肿瘤外科病人的营养支持已得到普遍重视。然而,围手术期营养支持不尽合理,不足和过度并存,仍需继续推广基于证据的肠外肠内营养指南。  相似文献   

7.
目的:了解我院2006年度抗肿瘤药物的使用情况.方法:采用金额和用药频度排序法对药物的使用情况进行统计分析.结果:抗肿瘤药物用药金额列前3位依次为紫杉醇(13.13%)、参芪扶正注射液(11.40%)、吉西他宾(9.47%);用药频度前3位依次为他莫西芬(26.28%)、格拉司琼(7.86%)、参芪扶正注射液(7.14%).结论:我院抗肿瘤药使用状况比较合理;抗肿瘤植物药和中药类已经成为肿瘤用药的主要趋势,还应加快国产化疗药物及化疗辅助药物的研制,以降低费用,减轻患者负担.  相似文献   

8.
目的 了解抗高血压药使用情况,为合理用药提供参考。方法 采集中心2017年抗高血压药物种类、数量、限定日剂量(defined daily dose, DDD)和用药金额等数据,统计日均费用(defined daily dose consumption,DDDc)和用药频度(defined daily doses,DDDs),对用药金额、DDDs进行排序并计算排序比(B/A)。结果 主要使用5大类29种药物,年消耗金额1100.35万元。钙通道阻滞剂(Calcium channel blocker,CCB)和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(Angiotensin II receptor antagonist,ARB)的用药数量、用药金额、DDDs、用药金额排序和DDDs排序均在前两位,两者的年消费金额占全部抗高血压药物年消费金额的90.01%。氨氯地平片、左旋氨氯地平片、氯沙坦氢氯噻嗪片、替米沙坦片和缬沙坦分散片在用药金额和用药频度方面分列前五位。结论 该中心抗高血压药物使用结构基本合理,能满足社区居民防治高血压的需要。  相似文献   

9.
我院抗菌药物的应用分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
目的分析抗菌药物使用的特点和趋势,为合理用药和科学管理提供依据。方法采用WHO药物统计合作中心设定的限定日剂量(defined daily dose,DDD)方法计算我院2005~2007年抗菌药物的用药频度。结果较常用的药物为头孢菌素类、青霉素类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类;2005~2007年抗菌药物消耗金额随我院门诊、住院病人的增多而平稳上升。结论我院2005~2007年抗菌药物的应用基本合理。  相似文献   

10.
王进  曾祥  金启萌 《中国保健营养》2012,(10):1311-1312
目的探讨胃癌患者术后营养支持治疗的临床效果。方法将我院62例胃癌术后患者随机分为肠内营养组(EN组)和肠外营养组(PN组),每组各31例,观察两组患者术后实验室检查结果及肛门排气时间。结果 EN组和PN组患者营养支持治疗7d后,谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰转移酶、尿素氮含量之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EN组肛门平均排气时间为3.8±1.2d,显著低于PN组的5.6±2.2d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肠内营养支持治疗在胃癌患者术后康复中起着重要的作用,具有较高的远期临床应用价值,值得临床进一步推广使用。  相似文献   

11.
12.
ObjectiveThe inappropriate use of parenteral nutrition (PN) continues to be a problem, despite several decades of efforts to improve the situation. We restructured our existing nutritional support team employing methods involving the institution's systems and individual physician interaction and education. Our aim was to study the effects of these changes on the use of PN in our institution.MethodsRecords of all non-critically ill patients seen by our nutritional support team for PN during 2003–2004 (phase I, before restructuring) and 2005–2006 (phase II) were reviewed. Patients were classified under “appropriate,” “inappropriate,” and “marginal” categories based on published guidelines. During phase II, a new committee was formed, policies and procedures were updated, educational activities were increased, emphasis was placed on evidence-based guidelines, and periodic bedside rounds with the team physicians were initiated. Communication with referring physicians was improved.ResultsThree hundred three of 335 patients in phase I and 271 of 333 patients in phase II were eligible for inclusion in analysis. Appropriate PN increased from 71.3% to 83.4%; inappropriate PN decreased from 16.5% to 8.9% (P = 0.002).ConclusionRestructuring of the nutritional support team improved the proper utilization of PN and decreased inappropriate use of PN in a public teaching hospital.  相似文献   

13.
When making decisions regarding nutrition support, many factors must be considered before committing a patient to receive parenteral or enteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is more expensive and technically more difficult to administer than enteral nutrition (EN). The charge for PN can range from US 200 dollars to 1000 dollars per day, where a standard hospital diet or enteral tube feedings might cost less than US 25 dollars/d. PN is also associated with a much higher incidence of biochemical complications such as hyperglycemia and other electrolyte abnormalities and catheter-related complications such as infection, thrombosis, or pneumothorax. For many years PN was preferred to EN because it was believed to be unwise to feed a critically ill patient into the gut. It has now been shown in multiple studies that it is not only feasible to feed critically ill patients early, but also it may be immunologically advantageous to feed enterally. The cost effectiveness of the nutrition support team approach to monitoring PN and EN should not be underestimated by hospital administrators. If enteral therapy can be instituted, significant patient-care cost savings may be realized. This presentation will discuss decisions that must be addressed in the intensive care unit. With more physician education, protocols can be designed to provide the most advantageous use of nutrition support for the benefit of the hospitalized patient.  相似文献   

14.
Background: Multidisciplinary nutrition teams can help guide the use of parenteral nutrition (PN), thereby reducing infectious risk, morbidity, and associated costs. Starting in 2007 at Harborview Medical Center, weekly multidisciplinary meetings were established to review all patients receiving PN. This study reports on observed changes in utilization from 2005–2010. Materials and Methods: All patients who received PN from 2005–2010 were followed prospectively. Clinical data and PN utilization data were recorded. Patients were grouped into cohorts based on exposure to weekly multidisciplinary nutrition team meetings (from 2005–2007 and from 2008–2010). Patients were also stratified by location, primary service, and ultimate disposition. Results: In total, 794 patients were included. After initiation of multidisciplinary nutrition meetings, the rate of patients who started PN decreased by 27% (relative risk [RR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.84). A reduction in the number of patients receiving PN was observed in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and on the acute care floor (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53–0.77 and RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.64–0.99, respectively). The rate of patients with short‐duration PN use (PN duration of <5 days) declined by 30% in the ICU (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.97) and by 27% on acute care floors (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.51–1.03). Conclusions: Weekly multidisciplinary review of patients receiving PN was associated with reductions in the number of patients started on PN, total days that patients received PN, and number of patients who had short‐duration (<5 days) PN use.  相似文献   

15.
目的:观察食管癌术后病人两种营养支持疗法的效果。方法:将80例食管癌术后病人随机分为肠外营养(PN)组和肠内营养(EN)组,所有病人在手术前1 d和术后第8天检测血红蛋白(Hb)、血清清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)、体质指数(BMI)以及肛门排气时间、住院时间和营养费用等指标。结果:两组病人术后血清ALB,住院时间、BMI、Hb比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。EN组病人血清PA,TF明显高于PN组(P<0.05),术后肛门排气时间明显早于PN组(P<0.05),所用营养费用低于PN组。结论:两种营养支持治疗均可改善食管癌病人的营养状况,但EN与PN比,更具有符合生理、安全、价廉的优点。  相似文献   

16.
危重症患者肠内、肠外营养支持护理的对比观察   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
目的对比危重症患者早期肠内与肠外营养支持的营养指标、并发症发生率、所需花费及其护理对策。方法将我院ICU病人随机分为胃肠道营养组(EN组)和胃肠外营养组(PN组),对比营养支持后两组患者血红蛋白、转铁蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白等营养指标以及恶心呕吐、反流误吸、腹泻、腹胀、肠麻痹、胃肠道出血、肝功能损害、高血糖等并发症发生率及其相应的护理对策。结果两组在入住ICU后2周血红蛋白、转铁蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白等营养指标差异无显著性,但PN组腹泻、腹胀、肠麻痹、胃肠道出血、肝功能损害、高血糖的发生率明显高于EN组,差异具有统计学意义;EN组较PN组的护理工作量有明显减轻,所需花费较少。结论与肠外营养相比,早期肠内营养支持可较好的改善患者营养状况,且并发症少,护理工作量轻,花费少,是危重症患者较好的营养支持方式。  相似文献   

17.
The use of parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential for patients who are unable to meet their nutrition requirements through oral or enteral nutrition. Many earlier studies have noted that PN is often inappropriately used in the hospital setting, thereby increasing the risk of associated complications and costs. A prospective study was performed at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), using a nutrition support database to determine the appropriateness of PN use and the associated hospital costs for patients on 3 surgical services over a 6-month period. Appropriateness of PN therapy was determined according to the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) guidelines. A total of 139 new PN therapies were initiated in the 6-month period. Forty percent of the cases were deemed inappropriate. A total of 573 PN days ($80,000 hospital PN costs) could have been saved if inappropriate PN therapy had not been ordered. The avoidable costs only reflect the PN solution and not the additional costs associated with laboratory monitoring, central line placement and maintenance care, nursing administration, and ongoing pharmacy and dietitian clinical management. This study illustrated that PN was not always being provided according to A.S.P.E.N. guidelines. In addition, cost savings could be achieved if PN was provided only to MUSC patients who meet these guidelines.  相似文献   

18.
Cost savings of an adult hospital nutrition support team   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
OBJECTIVES: A hospital-based nutrition support team (NST) may need to demonstrate cost savings and quality benefits. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether an NST could show tangible cost savings (equipment, investigations, and medication costs) from managing patients considered for parenteral nutrition (PN). Secondary aims related to the quality issues of placement of PN catheters, catheter-related sepsis (CRS), duration of parenteral nutrition, and mortality. METHODS: An NST was formed in 1999 and worked in all adult areas of a university hospital (Leicester Royal Infirmary). Comparative data about all patients given PN were collected for 2 consecutive years (a retrospective pre-NST year and a prospective NST year). RESULTS: In the pre-NST year there were 82 PN episodes (54 patients), 665 PN days, and a CRS rate of 71% (seven infections/100 PN days). In the NST year, there were 133 referrals for PN but only 78 PN episodes (75 patients, 59% of referrals), 752 PN days, and a decreased overall CRS rate of 29% (three infections/100 PN days, P < 0.05) but a rate of 7% (0.6 infection/100 PN days) in the final 3 mo of the NST year. Tangible cost savings for the NST year were derived from 55 avoided PN episodes (42741 pounds sterlings) and 35 avoided CRS episodes (7974 pounds sterlings). Thirty-nine percent of PN catheters were inserted by the NST with no insertion-related complications. Competency-based training of ward nursing staff decreased the CRS rate. Mean duration of PN increased from 8 to 10 d (P not significant). In-hospital mortality for patients who had PN was 23 of 54 (43%) in the pre-NST year compared with 18 of 75 (24%) in the NST year (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of PN days increased with an NST, tangible cost savings of 50715 pounds sterlings were demonstrated within the NST year by avoided PN episodes and a decreased incidence of CRS. These savings justify the salaries of a nutrition nurse specialist and a senior dietitian.  相似文献   

19.
目的:评价肠内营养制剂的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考. 方法:从我院信息管理数据库中提取2008年至2010年外科住院病人肠内营养制剂的使用数量、零售金额,进行使用频率,日均费用(元)的统计,利用限定日剂量方法进行相关计算和分析. 结果:肠内营养制剂的用药费用呈逐年上升趋势,从2008年的42.64万元增加至201...  相似文献   

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