《国际卫生条例(2005)》实施后国内媒体反应调查及应对研究

目的:研究《国际卫生条例(2005)》正式实施后,国内媒体的报道情况。方法:从国内公开发行的报纸、期刊和互联网搜索引擎上收集《条例》实施后,各种媒体对《条例》的报道,实施分类统计,对其内容进行分析研究。结果:互联网上有关于《条例》的报道占总量的多数,涉及到政府官方网站、新闻媒体、BBS论坛等,报刊中有关于《条例》的报道多数由来源于检验检疫系统。除报道《条例》实施外,部分媒体对如何将《条例》与口岸工作结合进行了解读。结论:《条例》实施受到各界人士关注,主要集中于检验检疫系统,需要加强宣传推广,同时要全力落实《条例》对核心能力建设的要求。     

我国卫生检疫核心能力建设现状分析

<正>2005年5月23日世界卫生组织第58届世界卫生大会通过了《国际卫生条例(2005)》(Interna-tional Health Regulation,IHR)。《国际卫生条例》于2007年6月15日起对中国正式生效。《国际卫生条例》(2005)将原有仅管理3个检疫传染病扩展到管理生物、化学、核和辐射危害等引起的更广泛的卫生问题;主张实施全球健康     

口岸卫生检疫监管体系研究

〔目的〕在人们对健康、疾病的认识发生了巨大变化的今天,探讨我国口岸卫生检疫监管机制、模式的转变,探索建立和完善适应WHO《国际卫生条例(2005年)》要求的口岸卫生检疫监管体系。〔方法〕通过对《国际卫生条例(2005年)》对口岸卫生控制核心能力的要求、对出入境人员、交通工具、物品等卫生控制的规定,以及我国口岸卫生检疫监管工作现状的研究、分析,提出完善口岸卫生检疫监管新机制、新模式的建议。〔结果〕①口岸卫生检疫工作由口岸卫生安全维持系统和口岸突发公共卫生事件应急系统2部分组成,口岸突发公共卫生事件应急系统有赖于口岸卫生检疫监测预警应对机制的建立;②口岸卫生检疫监测预警应对机制包括科学决策的组织指挥体系、快速获悉疫情的监测网络与预警系统、根据事件性质和严重程度做出不同应对的响应系统、强有力的后勤保障系统。〔结论〕适应《国际卫生条例(2005)》的要求,承担国际条约的义务,提高口岸应对国际关注公共卫生突发事件核心能力,防止传染病传入传出,促进和保障社会经济快速健康增长,成为我们的当务之急。     

口岸卫生检疫信息化监管平台研究与实践

<正>检验检疫机构依照《国际卫生条例(2005)》和《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》及其实施细则的要求,依法实施入出境卫生检疫,其职能涵盖了检疫查验、传染病监测、卫生监督、卫生处理、医学媒介生物监测等多项工作。随着国际贸易快速增长、全球环境异常变化和我国对外交流的增加,检验检疫机构需要在防范口岸突发公共卫生事件,确保口岸安全的同时,提高检验检疫审批和查验效率,大幅度提高通关效率。2014年,天津出入境检验检疫局(以下     

学习研究新条例,认真履行新职责

2005年5月23日世界卫生大会通过了新的《国际卫生条例》,以规范国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。新条例在内容和格式上做了重大调整,考虑到不同国家的机构组织形式各异,要求成员国指定在管辖范围内负责实施本条例规定卫生措施的当局——主管当局(不是现行《国际卫生条例》以下简称《条例》规定的卫生机构),作为中国人境口岸主管当局——各地检验检疫机构。全面认真学习好新条     

大榭港区突发公共卫生事件应急处置技术报告

为有效应对大榭港区突发公共卫生事件,降低和控制事件对人体、环境的危害,依据《国际卫生条例(2005)》、《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》及其实施细则、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《国境口岸突发公共卫生事件出入境检验检疫应急处理规     

盐田港传染病监测与控制技术报告

为规范盐田港口岸传染病监测和控制工作,防止传染病由口岸传入传出,根据《国际卫生条例(2005)》、《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》、《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》等法律法规的要求,盐田港自建港以来投入了大量的资金加强卫生基础设施建设,配备了足够的专业技术人员、设备。从出入境人员检疫,从业人员健康检查,疫情应急处理,疫情报告,卫生宣传教育等方面对港口实施有效的传染病监测和控制;并建立了以检验检疫机构为主体、其它驻港口单位、地方卫生行政部门和医疗机构相配合的传染病监测和控制体系。具备了有效监测和控制国际关注传染病传入和传出的能力,达到了《国际卫生条例(2005)》规定的要求。     

扎实推进能力建设 构建口岸卫生安全

<正>作为近年卫生检疫工作的重点,口岸卫生检疫核心能力建设既是履行国家质量监督检验检疫总局(以下简称国家质检总局)《2009-2012年全国口岸卫生检疫核心能力建设方案》,满足《国际卫生条例(2005)》对港口卫生核心能力的明确要求     

论《国际卫生条例(2005)》的修改原则与精神

2005年5月23日,第五十八届世界卫生大会审议通过了《国际卫生条例(2005)》(以下简称《新条例》),并且规定在二年后正式施行。中国是世卫组织成员国,如何迅速适应、正确应对《新条例》已成为当前卫生检疫工作的一个重要课题。     

新形势下关于我国国境卫生检疫法律法规的思考

随着世界经济的发展,各国之间的人员、贸易往来逐渐加深,随之而来的国境卫生检疫工作不断面临新的挑战,世界卫生组织制定的《国际卫生条例(2005)》就是为了适应这一新的形势。我国的卫生检疫法律应结合中国国情,尽快建立一个与《国际卫生条例(2005)》相适应的法律体系,充分发挥法律效能,保护国门安全。     

Comparative analysis of national legislation in support of the revised international health regulations: potential models for implementation in the United States

In 2005, the World Health Organization adopted the revised International Health Regulations, or IHR (2005), to establish obligations for detecting and responding to public health emergencies of international concern. The success of the IHR (2005) rests on the ability of states to implement the objectives and to execute the regulations in a legal and politically acceptable manner. Implementation of the IHR (2005) may be challenging for federalist nations, where most public health regulatory power lies in local rather than in national governments. We examine the implementation strategies of 4 nations: Australia, Canada, Germany, and India. The methods currently being considered by these nations for executing the IHR (2005) are potentially applicable models for the United States to consider.     

International Health Regulations--what gets measured gets done

The global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome highlighted the need to detect and control disease outbreaks at their source, as envisioned by the 2005 revised International Health Regulations (IHR). June 2012 marked the initial deadline by which all 194 World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to have IHR core capacities fully implemented for limiting the spread of public health emergencies of international concern. Many countries fell short of these implementation goals and requested a 2-year extension. The degree to which achieving IHR compliance will result in global health security is not clear, but what is clear is that progress against the threat of epidemic disease requires a focused approach that can be monitored and measured efficiently. We developed concrete goals and metrics for 4 of the 8 core capacities with other US government partners in consultation with WHO and national collaborators worldwide. The intent is to offer an example of an approach to implementing and monitoring IHR for consideration or adaptation by countries that complements other frameworks and goals of IHR. Without concrete metrics, IHR may waste its considerable promise as an instrument for global health security against public health emergencies.     

中国卫生部门IHR(2005)公共卫生应急核心能力现状分析

目的：描述2012年中国部分地区《国际卫生条例（2005）》（International Health Regulations,IHR）（以下简称IHR）公共卫生应急核心能力建设现状,并分析其存在问题,从而提出相应的建议,为中国卫生部门IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力建设提供参考。方法：采用分层抽样方法,选取中国7省、64地级市及140县（市、区）,分析省、市、县（市、区）级卫生部门IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力要求的监测、应对、风险沟通、准备、实验室能力、感染控制以及物资和经费支持能力建设情况。结果：IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力指标在中国具有一定的适用性;IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力缺乏制度建设;省、市、县（市、区）三个层级在公共卫生应急核心能力方面呈逐级递减趋势。结论：加强IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力的制度建设;重点支持县（市、区）级IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力建设;加强IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力指标中薄弱环节的建设;加强IHR（2005）公共卫生应急核心能力对中国适用性的研究。     

Costing framework for International Health Regulations (2005)

The revised International Health Regulations (IHR [2005]) conferred new responsibilities on member states of the World Health Organization, requiring them to develop core capacities to detect, assess, report, and respond to public health emergencies. Many countries have not yet developed these capacities, and poor understanding of the associated costs have created a barrier to effectively marshaling assistance. To help national and international decision makers understand the inputs and associated costs of implementing the IHR (2005), we developed an IHR implementation strategy to serve as a framework for making preliminary estimates of fixed and operating costs associated with developing and sustaining IHR core capacities across an entire public health system. This tool lays the groundwork for modeling the costs of strengthening public health systems from the central to the peripheral level of an integrated health system, a key step in helping national health authorities define necessary actions and investments required for IHR compliance.     

我国如何提升应对突发公共卫生事件能力——从应对甲型H1N1流感过程中得到的启示

2009年的甲型流感作为《国际卫生条例(2005)经修订实施以来世界卫生组织首次宣布的能引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,其应对措施在《国际卫生条例(2005)》的框架下操作实施.本文主要对IHR2005正式实施后国内外应对甲型H1N1流感的过程进行了分析和探讨,提出了我国提升应对突发公共卫生事件能力的建议和对策.     

Ill-health retirement among healthcare workers in the Southern Health Board of the Republic of Ireland

AIM: To determine the incidence rates, trends and medical causes of ill-health retirement (IHR) among different occupational classes in the Southern Health Board (SHB). METHODS: The 14 702 permanent employees of the SHB were divided into six occupational classes based on socio-economic status and occupational demands. The occupational classes were compared for incidence rates of IHR, age at IHR, years of service and medical causes of IHR. The total group of employees was used as the standard for statistical comparison. Incidence rates were compared using standardized IHR ratios (SIHRRs). Medical causes were compared using proportional ill-health retirement ratios (PIHRRs). RESULTS: Three hundred and three employees were granted IHR from 1994 to 2000.The overall incidence rate of IHR was 2.9 per 1000 employees per annum. The highest SIHRRs occurred in male maintenance staff at 345 (CI: 221-513) and female support staff at 158 (CI: 123-201). With regard to age and years of service, IHR peaked at a time that coincided with enhancement to pension entitlements. The common causes of IHR were musculoskeletal disorder (38%), mental illness(17%), circulatory disorder (12%) and neoplasia (8%). PIHRRs did not vary significantly between the classes. CONCLUSION: IHR was more common among manual healthcare workers. The structure of the pension scheme appeared to influence the timing of IHR. Occupational class did not appear to influence the medical causes of IHR.     

Strategies for implementing the new International Health Regulations in federal countries

The International Health Regulations (IHR), the principal legal instrument guiding the international management of public health emergencies, have recently undergone an extensive revision process. The revised regulations, referred to as the IHR (2005), were unanimously approved in May 2005 by all Member States of the World Health Assembly (WHA) and came into effect on 15 June 2007. The IHR (2005) reflect a modernization of the international community's approach to public health and an acknowledgement of the importance of establishing an effective international strategy to manage emergencies that threaten global health security. The success of the IHR as a new approach to combating such threats will ultimately be determined by the ability of countries to live up to the obligations they assumed in approving the new international strategy. However, doing so may be particularly challenging for decentralized countries, specifically those with federal systems of government. Although the IHR (2005) are the product of an agreement among national governments, they cover a wide range of matters, some of which may not fall fully under the constitutional jurisdiction of the national government within many federations. This tension between the separation of powers within federal systems of government and the requirements of an evolving global public health governance regime may undermine national efforts towards compliance and could ultimately jeopardize the regime's success. We hosted a workshop to examine how federal countries could address some of the challenges they may face in implementing the IHR (2005). We present here a series of recommendations, synthesized from the workshop proceedings, on strategies that these countries might pursue to improve their ability to comply with the revised IHR.     

Changing medical criteria and medical severance payments may reduce the rate and costs of ill-health retirement

OBJECTIVES: To identify the core best practice standards in ill-health retirement (IHR) procedures. To investigate whether changing medical criteria and introducing medical severance payments affect the rate and cost of IHR. METHODS: The core standards for best practice in IHR procedures were distilled from the published literature. On 1st April 2000 the study pension scheme altered the IHR medical criteria to define permanent incapacity and introduced medical severance payments for employees with temporary incapacity. Rates and costs of IHR were measured before and after these changes. RESULTS: Following the changes, the annual rate of IHR fell from 8.89 to 2.90 per 1000 members (P < 0.001), the median age at IHR rose from 50 to 55 years (P = 0.01) and pension scheme costs fell by 25 million pounds sterlings per year. CONCLUSIONS: Changing medical criteria and introducing medical severance payments may reduce the rate and costs of ill-health retirement. Target rates of four cases of IHR per 1000 active members per year, and 15% of total retirements, are proposed for schemes serving industries with average health risks.