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1.
[目的]选择沙颍河某段为研究对象,评价2011年该河流域某段的整体污染状况,为健康评价提供参考。[方法]分别在丰水期、枯水期采集沙颍河流域内某段河水和底泥及该河段流域内BG村与HS村农田土壤样本进行检测。采用水质综合评价污染指数法对流域内河流水质进行评价;对河流底泥、流域内农田土壤进行潜在生态风险评价。[结果]污染指数水质综合评价法结果显示沙颍河某段丰水期、枯水期3断面均为6级污染等级(WQI为10.0-100.0);对沙颍河某段底泥进行潜在生态风险评价结果显示,3断面底泥汞的单因子潜在生态风险指数最高(145.520,154.267,135.573),属于强生态风险(80~160);BG村、HS村农田土壤中汞的单因子潜在生态风险指数分别为182.253、138.463,分别属于很强生态风险(160—320)和强生态风险(80~160)。[结论]沙颍河丰水期、枯水期河水水质均为严重污染;底泥、土壤中汞污染超标严重,对人群具有强生态风险。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解滦河中下游11年间水质定量变化,筛选出主要水质污染指标。方法整理并汇总唐山市环境监测站从2001—2011年滦河两监测点地表水质日常监测的资料,描述水质动态变化情况,计算综合污染指数及污染分担率,并对各指标10年前后水平进行比较。结果滦河中游水质综合污染指数基本在0.2~0.4之间波动,下游呈明显的下降趋势。中游大黑汀水库的分担率较大的水质性状指标为总磷和高锰酸钾盐指数(CODMn),下游滦县大桥分担率较大的指标的分别是为5日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮和CODMn。两监测点均符合地表水Ⅲ类水质标准。上游溶解氧(DO)和氨氮变化明显,而下游重铬酸盐指数(CODCr)、CODMn、BOD5及粪大肠菌群下降明显。结论滦河中下游水质优良,近11年水质有明显地改善,但仍需加强保护。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解天津市2014—2017年环境空气质量情况,并对五类空气质量指数(AQI,API,普适指数,ORAQI以及I_1空气质量指数)进行比较。方法收集2014—2017年天津市空气质量监测点的数据以及气象监测数据,运用主成分分析法,对天津市的空气环境质量进行综合评价。计算每日五类空气质量指数,对五类空气质量指数进行关联性分析并对不同空气质量指数进行比较评价。结果天津市环境空气污染的主要因素依次为PM_(2.5)、NO_2、PM_(10)和SO_2。基于五种空气质量指数的空气质量达标率逐年的变化趋势基本相同,基于五类空气质量指数的污染评价等级之间均存在相关性(P0.01),基于五类空气质量指数的空气质量达标率差别有统计学意义(P0.01),基于API和I_1空气质量指数(P=0.096 4)以及普适指数和ORAQI(P=0.218 4)的空气质量达标率无差别,基于其他各空气质量指数的空气质量达标率两两之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PM_(2.5)、NO_2、PM_(10)和SO_2为天津市主要空气污染物,五类空气质量指数的评价结果存在差异,建立当地特有的、可以综合反映空气污染程度以及人群健康的空气污染指数非常必要。  相似文献   

4.
为了解龙溪河长寿段水质情况,对监测结果使用单因子指标评价法和综合营养状态指数法进行评价,结果显示长寿段全段的水质都已经超过了地表水质标准中的Ⅲ类,其中长寿湖水体富营养化程度严重,N/P已达藻类生活最适范围,长寿段的各水源地已经不能满足作为饮用水的标准。污染的主要原因是长寿境内各种污染源污染物的排放和河流上游各县的污染,针对污染的各种原因提出了相应的治理对策。  相似文献   

5.
密集型劳动空调车间生产环境的卫生学评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文试用综合大气质量指数和安培空气质量指数对密集型劳动空调车间的生产环境的空气质量进行了评价。结果表明:在新风量充足,换气次数足够的情况下,车间生产环境空气质量符合卫生要求;同时表明用大气质量指数法评价与用安培空气质量指数和其它污染指标评价结果的一致性。认为该评价法可用于评价密集型劳动空调车间生产环境的空气质量。  相似文献   

6.
蚕豆根尖微核试验在松花江水致突变性研究中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了解松花江上下游水中污染物的致突变性。为综合评价松花江哈尔滨江段水质状况提供有效的生物监测方法,中哈尔滨松花江上下游设4个采样点,采集上述断面丰水期和枯水期的水样。此外,还以嫩江为对照组,采集水样。采用吞豆根尖微核试验测试其吞豆根尖细胞微核率和污染指数(PI)。结果显示:松花江哈尔滨江段,由于哈尔滨的工业废水和生活污水的大量排入,细胞微核率明显升高,枯水期水质污染明显严重重于丰水期。  相似文献   

7.
本文试用综合大气质量指数和安培空气质量指数对密集型劳动空调车间的生产环境的空气质量进行了议价。结果表明:在新风量充足,换气次数足够的情况下,车间生物环境空气质量符合卫生要求;同时表明用大气质量指数法评价与用安培空气质量指数和其它污染指标评价结果的一致性。认主该评价法可有于评价密集型劳动空调车间生产环境的空气质量。  相似文献   

8.
目的调查北京市某涉铅企业对周边环境的影响,并对污染现状进行评价。方法在某涉铅企业周边采集空气、土壤和地下水样品,测定铅的浓度,通过单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行综合评价。结果采集空气、土壤和地下水样品分别为28、4和5件。经检测37件样品铅浓度均未发现超标情况,单因子污染指数均小于1,空气样品铅的内梅罗综合污染指数高于土壤样品。结论该企业未对周边环境造成严重的铅污染,但对空气的影响程度严重于土壤。  相似文献   

9.
黔东南州农田土壤重金属污染的评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:了解土壤质量现状,为土壤现况分析提供参考。方法:采用国家土壤环境质量二级标准为重金属限值,并利用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数对土壤重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果:除了铅和总铬之外,各县农田土壤均有不同程度的重金属超标情况。单因子指数中总汞Pi=1.13,表明土壤受到轻度污染。内梅罗综合污染指数表明部分地区土壤已处于警戒或轻度污染状态。结论:农田土壤存在部分重金属污染,空间分布不均,主要为总汞污染,以丹寨县为最重,已处于轻度污染水平。  相似文献   

10.
目的调查北京市某涉汞生产企业周边环境中的汞污染状况并进行分析评价。方法在北京市某涉汞生产企业周边环境设置4个采样点,采集环境样品(空气、土壤、地下水),测定汞的含量,通过单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行综合评价。结果采集的样品均未超过相关的国家标准,单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数均小于1。结论北京市某涉汞生产企业对周边环境造成的汞污染状况较轻,对土壤的影响程度严重于空气和地下水。  相似文献   

11.
The chemical and microbiological properties of Lebanese perennial coastal rivers were studied during the dry season extending from July to September 2004. The results indicate significant levels of pollution in all eight rivers. Although many physical and chemical variables were within WHO guidelines for drinking water, coliform levels were unacceptably high indicating pollution from untreated sewage. The most polluted rivers in most categories were the Abu Ali and Antelias. With the exception of bacterial and phosphate loadings, Awali River provides the highest amount of pollution to the Mediterranean mainly due to its high water flow, although it is one of the least polluted rivers. The urgent need for controlling wastewater dumping into river streams is emphasized. The data obtained should serve as a reference point to assess the efficiency of planned wastewater treatment plants.  相似文献   

12.
The chemical and microbiological properties of Lebanese perennial coastal rivers were studied during the dry season extending from July to September 2004. The results indicate significant levels of pollution in all eight rivers. Although many physical and chemical variables were within WHO guidelines for drinking water, coliform levels were unacceptably high indicating pollution from untreated sewage. The most polluted rivers in most categories were the Abu Ali and Antelias. With the exception of bacterial and phosphate loadings, Awali River provides the highest amount of pollution to the Mediterranean mainly due to its high water flow, although it is one of the least polluted rivers. The urgent need for controlling wastewater dumping into river streams is emphasized. The data obtained should serve as a reference point to assess the efficiency of planned wastewater treatment plants.  相似文献   

13.
引滦水源隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体消长规律研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 探讨天津引滦水源原虫与病毒污染现状和消长规律。方法 根据引滦河道的排污、与其他水体交叉及其倒虹闸的分布情况确定采样监测点。分别用隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体表示水体受原虫和病毒污染的情况,水样通过浓集分离装置使隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体得到浓集,隐孢子虫经过固定、洗脱、悬浮和洗涤、染色,镜检计数;f2噬菌体滤液中加入Ecoli 285寄主菌液,恒温培养,观察计数。结果 各采样点隐孢子虫和f2噬菌体点次检出率分别为57.7%和63,9%,分别集中在春夏季和秋季。f2噬菌体在中上游较高,于桥水库和下游较低。结论 引滦水源已受原虫和病毒的污染。建议将引滦河道中极易受到污染的自然河道和明渠段改为暗渠输水方式,并加强引滦河道沿岸工农业和生活污染来源的监控。  相似文献   

14.
第二松花江江水、沉积物于1958年开始受到严重汞污染,至1982年汞污染停止,江水汞污染指数于污染期为1.2,停止汞污染后为0.2;沉积物汞含量在停止汞污染的4.5年中下降59.9%,平均每年下降13.31%。按此下降速率,沉积物的汞含量经32.57年可达到背景值水平。  相似文献   

15.
某沿海工业区周边海水及土壤的重金属污染状况调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[目的]了解某沿海工业区海水及土壤中重金属污染状况,提出减少环境污染的综合性建议,为制定该工业区环境保护的预防控制对策提供科学依据。[方法]选取矿石码头、煤炭码头、原油码头、散杂货码头临近海域为海水监测点,以发展备用区临近海域为对照区,采集各监测点和对照区的浅层海水及深层海水;选取钢铁厂、电厂、矿石码头、煤炭码头、原油码头为土壤监测点,以发展备用区为对照区,采集各监测点及对照区的表层土壤。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定海水及土壤中As、Cu、Hg、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Pb八种重金属元素含量,计算单项污染指数和综合污染指数。[结果]各监测点浅层海水中Cu、矿石码头的Hg单项污染指数均大于1,深层海水中Cu、Hg也均大于1,该海域海水主要受到这两种重金属元素的污染。综合指数评价结果显示,各监测区域海水均受到轻度污染,其中原油码头的浅层海水指数最高,为1.40;对照区最低,为1.11;深层海水以矿石码头最高,为1.45;对照区最低,为1.10。所有监测点的单项土壤污染指数均小于1,均未超过标准。钢铁厂、电厂、煤炭码头综合指数分别为1.52,1.46,1.44,属轻度污染;原油码头综合指数为0.92,尚清洁;矿石码头与对照区清洁。[结论]各监测区域海水均受到轻度污染;土壤较清洁。  相似文献   

16.
Abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as well as physico-chemical parameters were investigated in five rivers of the Juru River Basin in northern Peninsula Malaysia: Ceruk Tok Kun River (CTKR), Pasir River (PR), Permatang Rawa River (PRR), Kilang Ubi River (KUR), and Juru River (JR). The physico-chemical parameters and calculated water quality index (WQI) were significantly different among the investigated rivers (ANOVA, P<0.05). The WQI classified CTKR, PR, and JR into class III (slightly polluted). However, PRR and KUR fell into class IV (polluted). High diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates, especially the intolerant taxa, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, were observed in the least polluted river, CTKR. Decreasing abundance of macroinvertebrates followed the deterioration of river water quality with the least number of the most tolerant taxa collected from PR. On the basis of composition and sensitivity of macroinvertebrates to pollutants in each river, the highest Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index score of 93 was reported in CTKR (good water quality). BMWP scores in PRR and JR were 38.7 and 20.1, respectively, classifying both of them into “moderate water quality” category. Poor water quality was reported in PR and KUR. The outcome of the multivariate analysis (CCA) was highly satisfactory, explaining 43.32% of the variance for the assemblages of macroinvertebrates as influenced by 19 physical and chemical variables. According to the CCA model, we assert that there were three levels of stresses on macroinvertebrate communities in the investigated rivers: Level 1, characterized of undisturbed or slightly polluted as in the case of CTKR; Level 2, characterized by a lower habitat quality (the JR) compared to the CTKR; and Level 3 showed severe environmental stresses (PRR, PR, and KUR) primarily contributed by agricultural, industrial, and municipal discharges.  相似文献   

17.
肖智毅  田青  盛欣 《现代预防医学》2012,39(13):3200-3202
目的了解饮用水污染事件的原因,探讨应对饮用水污染事件的对策。方法对居民投诉生活饮用水有异味的小区的供水系统进行卫生状况调查。按照GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》对供水系统水质进行监测,采用GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对水样的检测结果进行评价。结果 2006年6月~2008年3月,疾病预防控制中心工作人员对小区多层区卫生间水样现场检测,臭和味检测1429件,超标598件,超标率41.8%;苯系物(苯、苯乙烯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、异丙苯)实验室检测647件,超标23件,超标率3.6%。结论通过对多层区卫生间给水管道的现场勘查和卫生间用水水质分析,本次事件是由防水涂料施工不当生活饮用水化学性污染所致。  相似文献   

18.
Genotoxic effect of mercury pollution over Amazonian fish species was evaluated by using the micronucleus test (MNT). Distinct mean frequencies of micronuclei (MN) were observed in three trophically distinct characin fish species collected in two riverine environments in the Amazon Basin: the Madeira (polluted area) and the Solim?es (unpolluted area) rivers. Mean frequencies of MN observed in Prochilodus nigricans (detritivore), Mylossoma duriventris (omnivore), and Hoplias malabaricus (piscivore) from the Madeira River were significantly higher compared to the frequencies from the same species from the Solim?es River. In addition, mean frequencies of MN from piscivore species were almost fivefold higher than the detritivore and/or omnivore species. We conclude that MNT in fish erythrocytes may be useful for indicating genotoxity of mercury in Amazon rivers.  相似文献   

19.
蟒河沿岸居民健康状况的调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用环境流行病学调查方法,以污染严重的黄河支流蟒河沿岸居民作为研究对象,以蟒河武陟段为污染区及与之相距10km的9个村庄为对照区对居民健康进行了调查研究。该研究结果显示,蟒河的污染造成了沿岸居民健康损害。  相似文献   

20.
Objectives To examine nonylphenol (NP) and 4-t-octylphenol (OP) concentrations and general water quality indicators along a river in the greater Tokyo area and to specify the distribution and origin of alkylphenols. Methods Water was sampled from the Edogawa River, a main river in the greater Tokyo area, which is a source of public drinking water; and the Sakagawa River system, a tributary of the Edogawa River. To determine alkylphenol in river water. NP and OP concentrations were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The detection rates of NP above the detection limit were 100% in both rivers, and those of OP were 75.0% in the Edogawa River and 92.9% in the Sakagawa River system. The median NP and OP concentrations in the Edogawa River were 0.24 μg/1 and 0.066 μg/l, and those in the Sakagawa River system were 0.87 μg/l and 0.19 μg/l respectively. Alkylphenol concentrations are significantly higher in the Sakagawa River system than in the Edogawa River. In the Sakagawa River system, the NP and OP concentrations were highest in the water along the nonindustrial area with an underdeveloped sewerage system. Conclusions NP and OP were detected widely in the Edogawa River and Sakagawa River system. Endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) pollution in a river by the inflow of urban wastewater was demonstrated. A systematic monitoring of alkylphenols in tributary rivers and streams as well as in main rivers will help control EDC pollution and protect the source of drinking water in urban areas.  相似文献   

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