骨标志物与骨质疏松症相关性研究

目的 探讨绝经后女性骨标志物与骨质疏松症的相关性,为临床预防绝经后骨质疏松症的发生提供参考.方法 采用双能X线骨密度（BMD）仪分别对160例绝经前和绝经后女性进行BMD测定,按BMD结果分为BMD正常组、BMD减少组和骨质疏松组,分别检测β胶原特殊序列（β-crosslaps）、总骨Ⅰ型前胶原氨基酸延长链（P1NP）、骨钙素N端片段（N-MID）三种骨标志物,并分析三种骨标志物与骨质疏松症的关系.结果 BMD正常组92例,BMD减少组38例,骨质疏松组30例.三组β-crosslaps、P1NP依次升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.BMD减少组N-MID高于BMD正常组和骨质疏松组,骨质疏松组高于BMD正常组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.BMD正常组BMD高于BMD减少组和骨质疏松组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,BMD减少组和骨质疏松组BMD比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.β-crosslaps、P1NP、N-MID与BMD呈负相关（r=-0.412,-0.320,-0.3421,P＜ 0.05）.结论 绝经后女性三种骨标志物与骨质疏松症存在密切关系,监测血清骨标志物,有助于早期诊断骨质疏松症.     

围绝经期妇女血清雌激素水平对骨质疏松疾病的预测价值

目的探讨围绝经期妇女血清雌激素水平在骨质疏松疾病预测中的应用效果。方法选取该院2018年1月-2020年1月接诊的96例围绝经期妇女作为研究对象,根据年龄及是否发生骨质疏松症进行分组,对所有受试者进行血清雌激素、骨代谢指标、骨密度(BMD)检测。分析血清雌激素与骨代谢指标、BMD的关系及血清雌激素对骨质疏松症的预测效能。结果 41～50岁妇女组血清雌二醇(E_2)、腰椎BMD、股骨近端BMD值均显著高于51～60岁组,N端骨钙素(N-MID)、Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、Ⅰ型羧基末端肽(CTX)水平均显著低于51～60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。骨质疏松组血清E_2、腰椎BMD、股骨近端BMD值均明显低于对照组,N-MID、PINP、CTX水平均明显高于对照组(P0. 05)。血清E_2与N-MID、CTX均呈低度负相关,与PINP呈中度负相关。ROC曲线显示,血清E_2≤20. 45 pg/ml对围绝经期妇女骨质疏松症发生的灵敏度、特异度分别为73. 65%、48. 27%。结论围绝经期妇女血清雌激素水平明显下降,雌激素水平不足可引起骨代谢异常、BMD下降,增加骨质疏松疾病发生风险。监测围绝经期血清雌激素水平变化,可为临床预测骨质疏松疾病的发生提供参考依据。     

骨代谢标志物与糖尿病患者骨质疏松症的关系

目的评估骨代谢标志物在糖尿病患者中引发骨质疏松症中变化及其关系。方法采用回顾性病例分析,用双能X线骨密度仪对104例糖尿病患者进行测定腰椎骨密度,分为骨质疏松症组(57例)和非骨质疏松组(47例)。然后分别进行血清总I型前胶原氨基端前肽(TPINP)、β-胶原降解产物(β-CTX)、N端骨钙素(N-MID)、25羟维生素D[25-(OH)-VD]、血清Ca、P、肌酐、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)的检测。用Pearson相关分析对8项骨相关标志物与糖尿病患者并发骨质疏松的相关性进行分析。结果骨质疏松组腰椎总密度和腰椎(L1~L4)均显著低于非骨质疏松组;骨质疏松组T-P1NP、β-CTX明显高于非骨质疏松组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson分析,骨质疏松组的T-P1NP、β-CTX与骨密度呈负相关(r值分别-0.204、-0.274,P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者的骨代谢标志物与骨密度之间具有一定的相关性,结合T-PINP、β-CTX两项指标可有助于评价糖尿病骨质疏松症各阶段,具有一定的临床意义。     

绝经后妇女2型糖尿病肾病患者骨代谢指标变化分析

目的：了解绝经后妇女2型糖尿病肾病患者骨代谢指标变化。方法：2型糖尿病肾病患者依据骨密度分为36例合并骨质疏松的患者及34例骨密度正常患者,对照组为2型糖尿病未达到肾病诊断标准者,分别测定钙、磷、碱性ALP、PTH、PINP和β-CTX以及25-OHD。结果：糖尿病肾病合并骨质疏松组及糖尿病肾病骨量正常组的血ALP、PTH、PINP及β-CTX均明显高于糖尿病无肾病组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;糖尿病肾病合并骨质疏松组及糖尿病肾病骨量正常组的血25-OHD均明显低于糖尿病无肾病组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;血磷、血钙测定各组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论：绝经后妇女2型糖尿病肾病患者ALP、PTH升高,PINP、β-CTX为骨质疏松敏感指标。     

密固达治疗更年期女性骨质疏松症的效果及对血清骨代谢标志物的影响

目的研究密固达对武汉地区更年期女性骨质疏松症的治疗效果及对血清骨代谢标志物的影响,为有效改善患者的疼痛,增加骨密度,预测骨质疏松性骨折风险、监测自然病程及改善骨代谢指标提供临床依据。方法选择2014年1月-2017年1月入该院被诊断为骨质疏松症的更年期女性患者280例为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各140例。对照组采用常规钙剂和Vit D3,观察组联合密固达(唑来膦酸盐5 mg)静脉滴注1次;对比两组治疗后1个月全身骨密度(BMD),血清骨转换标志物包括碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、I型原胶原N-端前肽(PINP)和I型胶原交联C-末端肽(S-CTX)水平和血生化指标包括血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和Vit D3水平,随访6个月,比较两组患者疼痛、骨折和脊柱变形的发生率。结果两组患者治疗后BMD值均较治疗前增加,且观察组明显高于对照组,BMD恢复正常百分比显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组治疗后血清骨转换标志物水平无变化,但观察组显著低于治疗前和对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后血钙、血磷、PTH和Vit D水平比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后随访观察组疼痛、骨折和脊柱变形的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论密固达治疗更年期女性骨质疏松症安全有效。     

原发性骨质疏松患者骨密度与骨代谢指标的关系

目的 :探讨原发性骨质疏松症患者骨密度 (BMD)与绝经年限 ,骨代谢生化指标的关系及骨质疏松症患者中骨折组与非骨折组骨代谢生化指标的变化。为防止骨质疏松提供科学依据。方法 :对成都地区 5 0～ 75岁女性原发性骨质疏松症患者 185例询问其绝经年限 ,测定 T4 - L5椎体侧位摄片 ,并计算出楔形指数 ,检测其骨代谢生化指标。结果 :原发性骨质疏松症患者各年龄组骨密度与骨代谢各项生化指标比较差异无显著性。骨折率随绝经年限的增加而增加。骨密度与绝经年限和骨钙素 (BGP)成负相关。骨折年龄与非骨折年龄差异无显著性。骨折组与非骨折组的 BMD比较差异有显著性。两组骨代谢各项生化指标比较显示尿磷 /肌酐比 ,骨折组与非骨折组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。其它生化指标两组比较差异无显著性。结论 :BMD对预测原发性骨质疏松脊椎压缩性骨折有一定价值。BGP对骨质疏松症临床诊断是一项较敏感的生化指标。绝经年限对原发性骨质疏松骨折预测和防治有指导意义。     

女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨密度与骨代谢生化参数的相关性

目的 测定绝经前女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨密度(BMD)与骨代谢的生化参数并探讨二者的相关性。方法 用双能量X线吸收测量仪测定30例SLE患者腰椎和股骨BMD；常规测定分别测定30例SLE患者和39名正常健康者校正后的血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、肌酐和白蛋白，用ELISA法测定卵泡促激素、黄体生成素、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素、脱氧吡诺林的分泌，用RIA法测定雌二醇、孕酮、睾丸酮、25-OH维生素D、I型原胶原C端前肽、碱性磷酸酶骨特异性同工酶、交联的I型胶原端肽。结果 根据世界卫生组织的标准，在腰椎位点39％患者BMD正常，46％患者骨质减少，15％患者骨质疏松；在股骨颈位点，38．5％患者BMD正常，38．5％患者骨质减少，23％患者骨质疏松。狼疮患者骨钙素、血清磷显著性降低(P=0．03、P=0．002)，而患者校正后的血清钙则显著性升高(P=O．0001)；除了患者睾丸酮的血清水平降低和卵泡促激素血清水平升高外(P=0.001、P=0．42)，其它性激素水平没有显著性差异。结论 绝经前女性SLE患者腰椎和股骨颈的骨质疏松和骨质减少发生率高，至少部分因骨形成的减少所致。     

老年骨质疏松症患者骨代谢指标变化、生长分化因子15及其炎症因子水平分析

目的研究老年骨质疏松症患者骨代谢指标变化、GDF15及其炎症因子水平,为患者的诊疗提供临床指导。方法选取2017年1月-2019年6月本院接收的165例老年骨质疏松症患者作为观察组,选择同期在本院体检的健康老年人100例作为对照组。测量比较患者腰椎L2～4正位和股骨颈骨密度,采集患者空腹静脉血,检测患者骨代谢指标骨钙素N段中分子片段(N-MID)、I型胶原羧基端肽β特殊系列(β-CTX)、I型前胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)、血清25羟维生素D3[25-(OH) D_3],生长分化因子-15(GDF15)以及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α。结果观察组腰椎L2～4、股骨颈的骨密度低于对照组;观察组N-MID、β-CTX、PINP水平高于对照组;观察组25-(OH) D3水平低于对照组观察组GDF15水平高于对照组观察组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于对照组,上述差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论骨质疏松患者骨密度显著降低,N-MID、β-CTX、PINP水平显著上升,25-(OH) D3水平显著下降,GDF15、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著上升,对于老年骨质疏松症的筛查以及治疗有重要意义。     

阿仑磷酸钠联合高压氧治疗老老年骨质疏松的疗效观察

目的 观察阿仑磷酸钠联合高压氧治疗对老老年骨质疏松的疗效.方法 将122例老老年骨质疏松疼痛患者（≥80岁）按随机数字分组法分为2组,每组61例,治疗组给予阿仑磷酸钠结合高压氧治疗,对照组仅给予阿仑磷酸钠治疗,在治疗6个月后对两组疼痛情况及对骨代谢标志物骨钙素（N-MID）、骨碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽（PINP）和Ⅰ型骨胶原C端肽（CTX）水平进行检测.结果 治疗后两组患者腰背疼痛症状均有所改善,治疗组患者疼痛改善幅度显著优于对照组（P＜0.01）.治疗组与对照组比较血清N-MID、BAP、PINP、CTX水平均有明显降低（P＜0.01）.结论 阿仑磷酸钠联合高压氧治疗对老老年骨质疏松患者具有较好的治疗作用.     

围绝经期妇女骨质疏松患者血清铁蛋白与骨密度及骨转换生化标志物的关系

目的探讨围绝经期妇女骨质疏松患者血清铁蛋白与骨密度及骨转换生化标志物的相关性。方法选取2015年5月-2017年10月绍兴第二医院门诊确诊的围绝经期妇女160例,其中骨质疏松者75例为骨质疏松组,未出现骨质疏松者85例为对照组。采用化学发光免疫分析仪检测两组血清铁蛋白表达水平,采用全身数字化双能X线骨密度仪检测两组妇女腰椎(L1～L4)及股骨颈骨密度,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测两组妇女血清骨转换生化标志物骨碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)、骨钙素(OC)、I型前胶原氨基端延长肽(PINP),采用Pearson法分析围绝经期妇女骨质疏松患者血清铁蛋白表达水平与骨密度及骨转换生化标志物的相关性。结果骨质疏松组妇女血清铁蛋白、OC和PINP表达水平显著高于对照组妇女,腰椎(L1～L4)和股骨颈骨密度显著低于对照组妇女,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),B-ALP表达与对照组妇女差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。骨质疏松组患者血清铁蛋白表达水平与腰椎(L1～L4)及股骨颈骨密度呈负相关(r=-0.435、-0.512,P0.05),与OC和PINP表达水平呈正相关(r=0.573、0.584,P0.05),与B-ALP表达水平无相关性(r=-0.301,P 0.05)。结论血清铁蛋白在围绝经期妇女骨质疏松患者中表达明显升高,且其表达水平与骨密度及骨转换生化标志物密切相关,提示血清铁蛋白可作为围绝经期妇女骨质疏松病情评估的潜在生物学指标。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.