115名HBsAg阳性职工HBV感染的血清流行病学调查

１１５名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性职工ＨＢＶ感染的血清流行病学调查梁云娟人体在感染乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）后不同阶段，可出现各种ＨＢＶ．感染标记─—ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｓ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｅ和－ＨＢｃ，不同个体血清标记会出现不同情况，但只要有其中一种存在，即可...     

广西肝癌高发区壮族自然人群中流行的HCV,HBV的分子生物学研究

在广西肝癌高发区壮族自然人群中采集血清标本１７７６人份，采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测抗－ＨＣＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＰＣＲ技术检测ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ，并对ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性的６９份标本采用型特异性引物进行基因分型。结果显示：（１）研究人群中ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性率为３．８８％；（２）流行的ＨＣＶ基因以Ｉ型或与其它型别的混合感染为主；（３）Ｉ型感染者中ＬＡＴ的异常率高于其它型别的感染者；（４）当地ＨＣＶ伴     

广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒感染模式与丙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

为了解广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染情况，对１９９３年４月体检中检出的１９３例ＨＢＶ标志物阳性血清归类分析，发现有１４种１ＨＢＶ感染模式，其中以ＨＢｓＡｇ．ＨＢｅＡｂ．ＨＢｃＡｂ和ＨＢｓ．ＨＢｅＡｇ．ＨＢｃＡｂ为多，阳性模式构成分别为４３．０１％和３０．５７％，在ＨＢＶ感染者中ＨＣＶ感染的检出率为１１．３９％（２２／１９３）。不同ＨＢＶ感染模式组别的抗－ＨＣＢ阳性     

广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒感染模式与丙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

为了解广州市人群乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染情况，对１９９３年４月体检中检出的１９３例ＨＢＶ标志物阳性血清归类分析，发现有１４种ＨＢＶ感染模式，其中以ＨＢｓＡｇ·ＨＢｅＡｂ·ＨＢｃＡｂ和ＨＢｓＡｇ·ＨＢｅＡｇ·ＨＢｃＡｂ为多见，阳性模式构成分别为４３．０１％和３０．５７％。在ＨＢＶ感染者中ＨＣＶ感染的检出率为１１．３９％（２２／１９３）．不同ＨＢＶ感染模式组别的抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率差异有统计学显著意义（ｐ＜０．００１）．     

136例不同疾病AFP阳性者HCV感染比较

为了解不同疾病所致ＡＦＰ增高病人中ＨＣＶ感染和ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ重叠感染情况,对１３６例不同种类疾病所致的ＡＦＰ增高阳性血清和６８例正常对照血清同时进行丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）和乙肝病毒血清标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）检测,以比较不同人群的ＨＣＶ感染和ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ重叠感染,及与致病关系。１　材料与方法１．１　材料１．１．１　１３６例ＡＦＰ阳性血清：由从化市人民医院检验科免疫室提供（１９９５年１月～１９９８年２月ＡＦＰ阳性血清）,每份血清均用常规放射免疫测定ＡＦＰ,快速ＥＬＩＳＡ法测ＨＢＶＭ。疾病种类：…     

HGV—RNA阳性与阴性慢性乙型肝炎的对比研究

目的 研究慢性乙型肝炎（ＣＨＢ）患者庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染的意义。方法 应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法对８７例ＣＨＢ患者血清进行了ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ检测,并将ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性与阴慢患者进行临床与病理学对比。结果 ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性１５例（１７．２４％）。ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性与阴性患者的肝功能等生化指标水平,肝脏病理损害的程度、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率及对抗乙肝胎盘肽的疗效等生化指标水平,肝脏病理损害的程度、ＨＢＶ     

献血人群中HIV,HCV,HBV,梅毒感染血清流行病学调查及相关行为的研究

目的了解献血人群中ＨＩＶ、ＨＣＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ和梅毒四种传染疾病的实际感染情况,为制定有关预防政策提供依据。方法采用血清流行病学方法和行为问卷对四个地区１６１５名献血员进行调查。结果检出ＨＩＶ、ＨＣＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ和梅毒抗体阳性率分别为０．２５％、３３．８７％、１４．７４％、０．９３％。结论献血人群中存在有这四种传染病感染,相关行为研究显示ＨＣＶ、ＨＢｓＡｇ感染与性别、参与献血（浆）年限、年供血（浆）和方式有密切关系,ＨＩＶ感染可能为近期感染,梅毒仅发现１５例。     

医务人员HBV和HCV感染状况调查

本文用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法对新疆乌鲁木齐市某综合医院２１１名医务工作者ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ感染标记物进行了检测，结果显示 ＨＢｓＡｇ携带率为 ６． １６％，ＨＢＶ总感染率为 ５４． ５０％，呈现一个 ＨＢＶ感染率高，ＨＢ－ｓＡｇ携带率低的现象。对不同科室、职业以及工作年限 ＨＢＶ感染状况分析表明，医务人员的职业暴露与ＨＢＶ感染率密切相关。该人群抗－ＨＣＶ（＋）率为６．１６％，揭示了输血是医务人员ＨＣＶ感染最主要的途径，其次是手术史，该人群献血感染ＨＣＶ的危险性是未输血的１４．８倍，有手术史者感染ＨＣＶ的危险性是无手术史者的 ３．５３倍。对１３例抗－ＨＣＶ（＋）者用 ＰＣＲ技术检测ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ结果７例阳性。本次调查未能证实医护工作与ＨＣＶ感染有关。     

HBV感染孕妇血清HBVM与TORCH抗体检测

目的了解ＨＢＶ感染孕妇血清ＨＢＶＭ与ＴＯＲＣＨ抗体阳性率。方法应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛查出９３例ＨＢＶ感染孕妇,并用ＰＣＲ检测ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ。分娩时取脐血测弓形体（Ｔｏｘ）、风疹病毒（ＲＶ）、巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（ＨＳＶ－Ⅱ）四种病原血清特异性ＩｇＭ和风疹病毒ＩｇＧ抗体。结果９３例ＨＢＶ感染孕妇中ＴＯＲＣＨ总感染率４７．３１％。单项抗体阳性率２５．８１％,７例为２项抗体阳性,２例３项抗体阳性。原发宫内感染以Ｔｏｘ最高（１２．９０％）,ＣＭＶ次之（６．４５％）,随后ＨＳＶ－Ⅱ（５．３８％）,ＲＶ最低（３．２３％）。孕妇ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性组,ＰＣＲＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率７６．９２％,ＴＯＲＣＨ感染率６１．５４％。ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性组,ＰＣＲＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率３８．８９％,ＴＯＲＣＨ感染率３７．０４％。结论脐血ＴＯＲＣＨ感染率与母血ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ相关（相关系数分别为０．１４、０．２９、０．１５）。乙肝感染孕妇ＴＯＲＣＨ的抗体筛查对优生优育是非常有用的指标。     

乙型和丙型肝炎病毒重叠感染的研究

目的　为了解乙型肝炎患者重叠感染丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） 的状况,并探讨乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ） 、ＨＣＶ 重叠感染时ＨＣＶ 对ＨＢＶ 复制的影响。方法　应用ＥＬＩＳＡ 法对７１２ 例乙型肝炎患者进行了血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 检测和乙型肝炎病毒标志检测。结果　７１２ 例乙型肝炎患者血清抗－ ＨＣＶ阳性率为１４ ．４７ ％ ,其中重型肝炎患者血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率最高（４８ ．９８ ％ ） ,急性肝炎患者最低（３．２５ ％ ） 。在不同临床类型的乙型肝炎患者之间,血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率存在显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１）,显示病情越重,病程越长,血清抗－ ＨＣＶ 阳性率越高;在ＨＢＶ 和ＨＣＶ 重叠感染的患者中,血清ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ 和抗－ ＨＢｃＩｇＭ 阳性率低于乙型肝炎患者（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１ ,Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１ 和Ｐ＜０ ．０５） ,而血清抗－ ＨＢｅ 阳性率高于乙型肝炎患者（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１）,均有显著的统计学意义。结论　乙型肝炎患者重叠感染ＨＣＶ 与病情加重和慢性化的形成有关,并使ＨＢＶ 的复制受到抑制。     

Long term effects of dietary copper and sodium upon blood pressure in the long-evans rat

Forty-eight male Long-Evans rats were divided into three groups of 16 and assigned to one of the following levels of dietary copper at weaning: 1) low copper (LC), no added copper; 2) marginal copper (MC), 3 mg Cu/kg feed; 3) adequate copper (AC), 8 mg Cu/kg feed. At 100 days of age, half of the rats in each group were fed 5% NaCl in their drinking water for 1 week, followed by 1% NaCl for an additional 11 weeks. The other half were fed deionized-distilled water for the same time period. Systolic blood pressure was measured biweekly from day 100 until the rats were 6 months old. The copper deficiency of rats in the LC group was confirmed by a decrease in growth rate, a decrease in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, and an increase in serum cholesterol levels. Copper deficient rats also had higher levels of serum triglycerides and glucose, but lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol as a percentage of total cholesterol than AC and MC animals. The results from this study also indicated that LC and MC rats had lower blood pressure than AC rats. The addition of 5% NaCl to drinking water increased blood pressure whereas 1% NaCl did not have the same effect.     

泰兴地区肝癌高发因素研究

探讨了泰兴地区人群肝癌的高发因素。采用ELISA法分别检测人群体内HBV感染水平和AFT—SHA含量及生活饮用水水体内MC含量。结果发现该地区人群HBsAg携带率为29．5％,HBV感染阳性率68.1％,肝癌高发乡镇人群HBsAg携带率和HBV感染阳性率分别高达45．8％和94．7％;人群体内AFT—HSA检出率达100％,平均含量为16．39pg／ng;高发乡镇人群体内AFT—HSA平均含量31．99pgM;生活饮用水水体内MC阳性检出率13．2％,河水、沟塘水和浅井水内MC的平均含量分别为36ng／L,29ng／L和25ng／L．结论：人群中的HBV高感染;黄曲霉素强暴露;生活饮用水水体内MC的普遍污染是泰兴地区肝癌高发的三个重要因素．     

A cross-sectional investigation of chronic exposure to microcystin in relationship to childhood liver damage in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

Background: Microcystin-producing Microcystis bloom is a severe water problem in the world. Some reports indicate that chronic exposure to microcystin may result in liver damage in adults, but information on effects in children is limited.Objective: We investigated the relationship between microcystin exposure and liver damage in children.Methods: We measured microcystin concentrations in drinking water and aquatic food (carp and duck) from two lakes and four wells. Participants were 1,322 children 7–15 years of age who obtained drinking water from one of the tested sources, completed questionnaires, and provided blood samples for serum liver enzymes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT)] and serum microcystin analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with liver damage (two or more abnormal serum enzyme levels in ALT, AST, ALP, or GGT).Results: Microcystin was detected in most samples of water and aquatic food from two lakes. Children who drank water from the lake with the highest microcystin concentrations had a total estimated daily microcystin intake of 2.03 μg, a value much higher than the tolerable daily intake (0.40 μg) proposed by the World Health Organization for children. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, use of hepatotoxic medicines, and microcystin exposure were associated with liver damage. AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in high-microcystin-exposed children than in low-exposed children and unexposed children when participants who were HBV-positive or hepatotoxic medicine users were excluded from the analysis.Conclusion: These results suggest that chronic exposure to microcystin may be associated with liver damage in children in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.     

Low impact of silent hepatitis B virus infection on the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis in Venezuela]

OBJECTIVE: Silent infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs in the absence of serological markers for the virus. This type of occult infection is generally chronic, asymptomatic, and associated with low levels of viral replication. This study determined the presence of HBV DNA in the sera of blood donors who were negative for serological markers that were tested during screening, with the goal of evaluating the impact of silent HBV infection in posttransfusion hepatitis B in Venezuela. METHODS: A total of 2,075 sera were tested in 53 serum pools of 25-50 donations (0.5-1.0 mL from each sample). The pools were subjected to ultracentrifugation prior to DNA extraction by the proteinase K, phenol/chloroform method. RESULTS: No HBV DNA was found in any of the pools by nested polymerase chain reaction, using primers for highly conserved regions of the genes that code for the surface antigen and for the viral capsid. Aminotransferase levels were normal in 98% of 200 sera that were tested. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is a low risk of acquiring posttransfusion hepatitis B in Venezuela.     

饮用水微囊藻毒素与消化道恶性肿瘤死亡率关系的流行病学研究

目的 研究饮用水微囊藻毒素(MC)与消化道主要恶性肿瘤死亡率的关系。方法 在无锡市选取l0个饮水类型不同的乡镇或街道作为调查点，收集l992—2000年各调查点恶性肿瘤的死亡资料，同时采集不同类型水样，综合评价各调查点MC的暴露水平，分析饮用水MC暴露等级与恶性肿瘤死亡率的相关关系。结果 饮用水MC暴露等级与男性胃癌和男性各部位合计恶性肿瘤的标化死亡率呈现正相关；与男性肠癌的标化死亡率呈现负相关(P＜0．05)。结论 饮水MC污染可能与男性消化道恶性肿瘤死亡率，尤其是胃癌死亡率的上升有关。     

HBsAg阳性产妇血清、乳汁和新生儿血清中乙肝病毒DNA检测结果分析

目的:检测乙肝病毒血清学标志物阳性产妇血清、乳汁及其新生儿脐带血中HBV DNA含量,指导哺乳,减少母婴传播。方法:用荧光定量PCR法检测产妇血清、乳汁和新生儿脐带血中HBV DNA含量。结果:血清高病毒血症组(≥108copies/ml)产妇初乳和新生儿脐血HBV DNA阳性率明显高于其他组。同时与血清HBeAg存在显著相关,血清HBeAg阳性组中产妇自身HBV DNA阳性率明显高于HBeAg阴性组,在初乳和脐血中的HBV DNA也有差异。结论:乙肝病毒宫内感染的发生率与孕妇血清HBV DNA含量相关,孕晚期高病毒血症与宫内感染显著相关;产妇血清高HBV DNA含量,乳汁HBV DNA阳性不适宜母乳喂养,HBeAg阳性者应加强监测,在科学的指导下母乳喂养。     

Evidence of a 1985-1987 outbreak of acute and chronic hepatitis in Egypt caused by a mutant hepatitis-B virus detected by spot-DNA hybridization test.

Sera from 65 acute and 113 chronic sporadic hepatitis were screened for serological markers of hepatitis-B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and for HBV-DNA. The enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and dot-DNA hybridization tests were used. Two HBV-DNA probes and their labelling systems (biotin, radiolabelling with 32P and digoxigenin) were compared for sensitivity and specificity. The 65 acute sera had serological parameters of HBV infection in 38 (58%) when all these sera were HBsAg, IgM anti HBcAg positive plus HBeAg presence in 11/38 sera. Some of the acute sera had markers of acute HBV and HDV coinfection in 14 and superinfection in 13. Thus HBV with HDV represented 27 (41.5%) of the acute hepatitis in this study. Correlation of these serological markers with dot-DNA hybridization results showed that serum HBV-DNA was present in 36/38 (94.7%) of the acute HBV infection. In the case of acute HBV+HDV positive antigenemia 4/6 had serum HBV-DNA while 10/21 of acute HBV with anti-deltaV. IgM had serum HBV-DNA. There were four cases that gave HBV-DNA positivity in sera without combination of HBV markers suggesting infection with "mutant" HBV. In the chronic hepatitis sera there were markers of HBV past infection (IgG anti HBc in 63/113 and IgG anti HBs in 36/113). Yet, among these sera there was HBV-DNA positive signals (20/63 and 17/36) respectively. Analysis of some of these HBV markers also suggested infection with "mutant" HBV.     

外周血单个核细胞感染乙型肝炎病毒对新生儿宫内感染的影响

目的 :探讨 HBs Ag、 HBe Ag阳性孕妇外周血单个核细胞 ( PBMC)内乙型肝炎病毒 ( HBV) DNA感染状况及其在宫内母婴垂直传播中的作用。方法 :对 HBs Ag/ HBe Ag双阳性共 6 7对孕妇及其新生儿静脉血分离和提纯 PBMC后 ,经抽提、纯化后的 DNA进入 PCR扩增反应 ,引物为 HBV C区基因序列。结果 :6 7例 HBs Ag及 HBe Ag双阳性的孕妇中有 35例 ( 5 2 .2 % )PBMC中 HBV DNA阳性 ,2 5例孕妇在血清及 PBMC中均发现 HBV DNA。6 7例新生儿有 2 2例感染 HBV DNA,感染率 32 .8% ,其中血清 HBV DNA阳性者 10例 ,PBMC HBV DNA阳性者 19例 ,二者均阳性者 7例。结论 :母亲 PBMC内 HBV DNA阳性可能导致新生儿 PBMC中 HBV DNA阳性 ,PBMC内的 HBV DNA可能是 HBV母婴垂直传播的一条重要途径 ,同时 ,HBs Ag及HBe Ag阳性母亲若血清 HBV DNA为阳性就极大增加了其新生儿感染 HBV的危险性     

HBV携带产妇血清及乳汁中HBV-DNA含量检测及其临床意义

目的:探讨HBV携带产妇的血清及乳汁中HBV-DNA含量,以期指导母乳喂养。方法:选取HBV携带产妇100例,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测其血清、乳汁中HBV-DNA含量。结果:HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性组和HBsAg单阳性组中血清HBV-DNA含量、阳性率均高于乳汁,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且乳汁HBV-DNA阳性率随着母血清HBV-DNA含量的增加而增加;100例产妇中乳汁HBV-DNA检测阴性及血清病毒含量<104copy/ml的母乳喂养儿未见婴儿发生乙肝病毒感染。结论:HBV携带产妇乳汁具有一定的传染性,但乳汁的传染性低于血液,血清HBV-DNA阳性产妇在哺乳时应进行HBV-DNA检测,以保证婴儿的安全哺乳环境。     

潮州市中小学生乙型肝炎流行病学调查及影响因素分析

目的了解潮州市7～16岁的中小学生乙肝病毒(HBV)感染率和乙肝感染的影响因素,为制订预防控制策略提供依据。方法根据整群随机抽样的方法,抽取潮州市1321名中小学生进行乙肝5项和部分肝功酶检测,并采用多因素Logistic回归探讨乙肝感染的影响因素。结果 HBV感染率为3.25%,乙肝疫苗接种率为67.25%,接种率逐年上升;男、女性人群HBsAg阳性率分别为3.75%、2.94%,差异没有统计学意义;HBV感染的影响因素按OR值大小依次是家庭HBV遗传史、班级HBV暴露史、首针是否及时接种和乙肝疫苗接种史。结论潮州市HBV感染率较低,自从将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划管理以来,中小学生HBV感染率已明显下降,但对有HBV家族遗传史和班级暴露史等易感人群的管理监测有待提高。