首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
The Community Health Status Indicators Project (CHSI) 2008 provides 16-page reports for the 3141 counties in the United States, each of which includes more than 300 county-specific data items related to chronic and infectious diseases, birth characteristics or outcomes, causes of death, environmental health, availability of health services, behavioral risk factors, health-related quality of life, vulnerable populations, summary measures of health, and health disparities. The CHSI, originally initiated in 2000, provides county-level health profiles for all U.S. counties so that programs addressing community health can readily access community health indicators. Each county report also permits comparisons of a county's health status with similar "peer counties," with all counties, and with national Healthy People 2010 objectives. Under the leadership of a public-private partnership, the CHSI Steering Committee updated each county report and added new information and features to create CHSI 2008. This new CHSI version includes data for 1994 through 2006 from multiple surveillance systems. New features include an enhanced Web site, an Internet mapping application, and a downloadable database of the indicators for all counties.  相似文献   

2.
The Community Health Status Indicators Project (CHSI) 2008 provides 16-page reports for the 3141 counties in the United States, each of which includes more than 300 county-specific data items related to chronic and infectious diseases, birth characteristics or outcomes, causes of death, environmental health, availability of health services, behavioral risk factors, health-related quality of life, vulnerable populations, summary measures of health, and health disparities. The CHSI, originally initiated in 2000, provides county-level health profiles for all U.S. counties so that programs addressing community health can readily access community health indicators. Each county report also permits comparisons of a county''s health status with similar "peer counties," with all counties, and with national Healthy People 2010 objectives. Under the leadership of a public–private partnership, the CHSI Steering Committee updated each county report and added new information and features to create CHSI 2008. This new CHSI version includes data for 1994 through 2006 from multiple surveillance systems. New features include an enhanced Web site, an Internet mapping application, and a downloadable database of the indicators for all counties.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the health status of Californians using a set of 18 health status indicators (HSIs) corresponding to goals set forth in Healthy People 2000 and to develop a health status profile for use in research and surveillance, policy development program planning, and program evaluation. METHODS: Federal, state, and county data were used to evaluate California''s performance on 18 indicators of health status related to mortality, disease incidence, and health risks. RESULTS: By 1994, California had achieved Year 2000 objectives associated with seven HSIs and significant declines in mortality associated with two other HSIs. Nationally, California was ranked among the states with the lowest rates for infant mortality, lung cancer, female breast cancer, and syphilis but among states with the highest rates for homicide, AIDS, measles, tuberculosis, late prenatal care, childhood poverty, and poor air quality. CONCLUSIONS: California''s experience may provide a useful model for other state and local health agencies monitoring the health status of populations using HSIs associated with Year 2000 objectives.  相似文献   

4.
Norma Kanarek  Ron Bialek 《JPHMP》2003,9(3):249-254
Healthy People 2010 national objectives seek to engage public health systems in health improvement. Focusing on "healthy communities," the article describes the readiness of U.S. counties to meet targets and the technical assistance that may be needed. Using rate comparisons and trends, four readiness-to-improve health categories are calculated for nine mortality rates. Greatest readiness for improvement was found for coronary heart disease mortality, where the fewest jurisdictions (35%) were static, having neither met targets nor improved; least readiness (65%) was observed for colon and rectum cancer and suicide. Nevertheless, some counties (50-1,050) were exemplary, already meeting the target and still improving.  相似文献   

5.
6.
Our study quantifies the impact of achieving specific Healthy People 2010 targets and of eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities on summary measures of health. We used life table methods to calculate gains in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy that would result from achievement of Healthy People 2010 objectives or of current mortality rates in the Asian/Pacific Islander (API) population. Attainment of Healthy People 2010 mortality targets would increase life expectancy by 2.8 years, and reduction of population wide mortality rates to current API rates would add 4.1 years. Healthy life expectancy would increase by 5.8 years if Healthy People 2010 mortality and assumed morbidity targets were attained and by 8.1 years if API mortality and activity limitation rates were attained. Achievement of specific Healthy People 2010 targets would produce significant increases in longevity and health, and elimination of racial/ethnic health disparities could result in even larger gains.  相似文献   

7.
Despite substantial reductions in U.S. infant mortality during the past several decades, black-white disparities in infant mortality rates persist. One of the Healthy People 2010 national objectives for maternal and infant health is to reduce deaths among infants aged < 1 year to < or = 4.5 per 1,000 live births among all racial/ethnic groups (objective 16-1c). Important determinants of racial/ethnic differences in infant mortality are low birth weight (LBW), defined as < 2500 grams, and very low birth weight (VLBW), defined as < 1500 grams. High birth weight-specific mortality rates (BWSMRs) occur at these low birth weights. Healthy People 2010 goals include reducing LBW to 5% and VLBW to 0.9% of live births (objectives 16-10a and 16-10b, respectively). To assess progress toward meeting these national objectives, CDC analyzed birth and death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. This report describes trends in mortality and birth weight among black and white infants, which indicate persistent black-white disparities and underscore the need for prevention strategies that reduce preterm delivery and specific medical conditions that lead to infant death.  相似文献   

8.
Objectives: To identify specific adolescent sub-populations; to evaluate the health data available regarding these populations related to 21 key national adolescent health objectives from Healthy People 2010; and to make recommendations for improving data capacity to further efforts to reduce health disparities among adolescents. Methods: Adolescent populations were identified through a consensus process. Academic and government literature was extensively reviewed using internet search techniques to identify available national data for each of these populations on each key national health objective. Results: 18 adolescent subpopulations were identified. These populations fit into four overlapping categories defined by demography, legal status, chronic health condition, or other special characteristics. Overall, national, population-based data regarding these sub-populations were located for 36% of the 21 health objectives. Within the sub-populations, most data was available for ethnic/racial groups, with 57–81% of each of the objectives having data. Data regarding rural/urban groups were found for about one-half of the 21 objectives, and data were located on all other groups for one-fourth or fewer of the objectives. Within the objectives, substance abuse objectives were the most widely measured, with data available for 56–78% of the various populations. For some objectives, such as drug-or alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths depression among the developmentally disabled, no national data were found. Conclusions: There are still too little data available regarding the specific health status or health objectives for different adolescent populations. A national adolescent data-priority agenda is needed to develop strategies to improve health data regarding adolescent sub-populations. Federal and state health monitoring agencies could create national health profiles of different populations, include more population markers in health studies, and develop tools for population-specific health assessment, particularly for those within the government’s care, including incarcerated and foster care youth.  相似文献   

9.
Health objectives, developed by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, were published recently in the document entitled Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. They were developed to guide national and local health policy toward actions to increase the health of the nation. To effectively apply these objectives locally, epidemiologists and health planners must work together. Through collaboration, the Healthy People 2000 objectives can be prioritized to guide health policy and planning on a regional basis. The purpose of this study was to assess certain health status indicators in southwestern Pennsylvania to determine whether it was likely that the year 2000 targets would be met if trends from the past 20 years were to continue. The following mortality rates were analyzed: heart disease, homicide, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, suicide, motor vehicle accidents, work-related injury, and infant mortality. In addition, incidence of the following diseases was evaluated against the year 2000 targets: gonorrhea, primary and secondary syphilis, measles, tuberculosis, and AIDS. By employing epidemiological principles and considering strategic planning needs, it is possible to prioritize some of the health care needs in local areas for the next decade.  相似文献   

10.
Elevated blood pressure levels are a major cause of heart disease and stroke. Healthy People 2010 established objectives to reduce mortality from these diseases by 20% and to reduce the major causal factors associated with these elevated levels, such as excess sodium intake. The American public consumes far more sodium than is needed, most of which is added by food manufacturers and restaurants. In November 2002, the American Public Health Association adopted a policy resolution calling for a 50% reduction in sodium in the nation's food supply over the next 10 years. Such a reduction would greatly enhance the chances of attaining the Healthy People 2010 objectives and would save at least 150 000 lives annually. This issue warrants public health intervention.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号